1878 34938 225234782 2008-07-12T16:40:50Z Skoglund 609014 /* Undated */ {{year nav|1878}} {{C19YearInTopicX}} Year '''1878''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat,Tue-Sun,Wed-Mon,Thu-Tue,Fr-We,Sa-Th,Sun-Fri --> ==Events of 1878== ===January - March=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:Raising the obelisk.jpg|thumb|210px|January - [[Cleopatra's Needle]].]] * January - [[Cleopatra's Needle]] arrives in London * [[January 9]] - [[Humbert I of Italy|Humbert I]] becomes [[House of Savoy|King of Italy]] * [[January 5]] - [[Battle of Shipka Pass IV]] * [[January 17]] - [[Battle of Plovdiv]] * [[January 23]] - [[Benjamin Disraeli]] orders British fleet to the [[Dardanelles]] * [[January 24]] - The revolutionary [[Vera Zasulich]] shoots at [[Fyodor Trepov]], the Governor of [[Saint Petersburg]]. * [[January 28]] - ''[[The Yale News]]'' becomes the first daily, college [[newspaper]] in the [[United States]]. * [[January 31]] - Turkey agrees to [[armistice]] at [[Adrianople]] * [[February 2]] - [[Greece]] declares war on [[Turkey]]. * [[February 8]] - British fleet enters Turkish waters and anchors off [[Istanbul]] - Russia threatens to occupy Istanbul but does not carry out the threat * [[February 18]] - The [[Lincoln County War]] begins in [[Lincoln County, New Mexico]] * [[February 19]] - The [[phonograph]] is patented by [[Thomas Edison]] * [[February 20]] - [[Pope Leo XIII]] succeeds [[Pope Pius IX]] as the 256th [[pope]]. * [[February 24]] - Anti-Russian demonstrations in [[Hyde Park, London]] * [[February 28]] - [[Mississippi State University]] is created by the [[Mississippi Legislature]] (under the name The Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi) * [[March 3]] **[[Bulgaria]] regains its independence from [[Ottoman Empire]]. **The [[Treaty of San Stefano]] concludes the [[Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878|Russo-Turkish War]] * [[March 24]] - The [[United Kingdom|UK]] [[frigate]] ''Eurydice'' sinks, killing 300. * [[March 25]] - Russia rejects British proposal to lay San Stefano treaty before European congress * [[March 27]] - In anticipation of war with Russia, Disraeli mobilizes the reserves and calls up Indian troops to [[Malta]] ===April - June=== *[[April 20]] - The [[Stawell Gift]] is run for the first time. * [[May 15]] - [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]] established * [[June 4]] - [[Cyprus Convention]]: The [[Ottoman Empire]] cedes [[Cyprus]] to the [[United Kingdom]] but retains nominal title. * [[June 10]] - [[League of Prizren]] is established * [[June 12]] - [[July 12]] - [[Congress of Berlin]] about the [[Ottoman Empire]] *[[June 22]] - [[Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld]] leaves [[Karlskrona]] on a voyage that will make him the first to navigate the [[Northern Sea Route]], a shipping lane from the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the [[Pacific Ocean]] along the [[Siberian]] coast. ===July - September=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 13]] - The [[Treaty of Berlin, 1878|Treaty of Berlin]] makes [[Serbia]], [[Montenegro]] and [[Romania]] completely independent * [[July 26]] - In [[California]], the poet and [[American West]] outlaw calling himself "[[Charles Bolles|Black Bart]]" makes his last clean getaway when he steals a safe box from a [[Wells Fargo]] stagecoach. The empty box will be found later with a taunting [[poem]] inside. * [[August 9]] - The [[Wallingford Tornado of 1878]], the deadliest [[tornado]] in [[Connecticut]] history, destroys the town of [[Wallingford, Connecticut|Wallingford]], killing 34 people and injuring 70 or more. * [[September 3]] - Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat {{SS|Princess Alice|1865|2}} collides with the ''[[Bywell Castle]]'' in the [[River Thames]]. * [[September 20]] - [[The Hindu]], an Indian newspaper, is founded. * [[September 30]] - The ship ''Priscilla'' arrives in [[Hawaii]] from [[Funchal]], [[Madeira]], marking the beginning of the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] immigration to the [[Hawaiian Islands]] (1878-1913). ===October - December=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[October 1]] - [[Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]] (Virginia Tech) opens as Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. * [[October 14]] - The world's first recorded floodlit football fixture is played at [[Bramall Lane]] in [[Sheffield]] * [[October 17]] - [[John A. Macdonald]] returns to office as [[Prime Minister of Canada]]. * [[November 17]] - First assassination attempt against [[Umberto I of Italy]]. * [[November 21]] - [[Second Afghan War]] commences when the British attack [[Ali Masjid]] in the [[Khyber Pass]]. ===Undated=== * [[Yellow fever]] in [[Mississippi Valley]] - over 13,000 dead * US arbitration rejects [[Argentina|Argentinean]] claims to [[Paraguay]]'s part of [[Gran Chaco|Chaco]] region *[[Otto von Bismarck]] abandons [[Kulturkampf]]. *Otto von Bismarck forces through a law outlowing [[Social Democrat]]s. ====Foundations:==== * [[The Buchan School]], [[Isle of Man]]. * Newton Heath Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Football Club, the team that would become [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] * [[Everton FC|Everton Football Club]], then known as St Domingo * [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.]] play their first match. * [[Grimsby Town FC]] then known as Grimsby Pelham * [[Geiger (Corporation)]] initially known as Geiger Brothers. ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 11}} ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 6]] - [[Carl Sandburg]], American poet and historian (d. [[1967]]) * [[January 12]] - [[Ferenc Molnar|Ferenc Molnár]], author (d. [[1952]]) * [[January 25]] - [[Ernst Alexanderson]], Swedish-born television pioneer (d. [[1975]]) * [[February 1]] - [[Milan Hodža]], Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (d. [[1944]]) * [[February 2]] - [[Alfréd Hajós]], Hungarian swimmer and architect (d. [[1955]]) * [[February 5]] - [[André Citroën]], French automobile manufacturer (d. [[1935]]) * [[February 8]] - [[Martin Buber]], Austrian philosopher (d. [[1965]]) * [[February 14]] - [[Hirota Koki]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1948]]) * [[February 21]] - [[The Mother]] (Mirra Alfassa), multi-origined spiritual leader and founder of [[Auroville]] in [[India]] (d. [[1973]]) * [[February 26]] - [[Emmy Destinn]], Czech soprano (d. [[1930]]) * [[February 28]] - [[Pierre Fatou]], [[France|French]] [[mathematician]] (d. [[1929]]) * [[March 4]] **[[Egbert Van Alstyne]], United States songwriter and pianist (d. [[1951]]) **[[Peter D. Ouspensky]], Russian philosopher (d. [[1947]]) **[[Arishima Takeo]], Japanese novelist, short-story writer and essayist (d. [[1923]]) * [[March 16]] - [[Clemens August Graf von Galen]], German Catholic cardinal (d. [[1946]]) * [[March 22]] - [[Michel Théato]], Luxembourg athlete (d. [[1919]]) * [[March 31]] - [[Jack Johnson (boxer)|Jack Johnson]], American boxer (d. [[1946]]) * [[April 6]] - [[Erich Mühsam]], German author (d. [[1934]]) * [[April 24]] - [[Jean Crotti]], Swiss artist (d. [[1958]]) * [[April 28]] **[[Lionel Barrymore]], American actor (d. [[1954]]) **[[Willem Mengelberg]], Dutch conductor (d. [[1951]]) * [[May 3]] - [[Cruz Hernandez]], unverified claimant to be world's oldest person (d. [[2007]]) * [[May 10]] - [[Gustav Stresemann]], [[Chancellor of Germany]], recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1929]]) *[[May 25]] - [[Bill Robinson]], Tap Dancer (d. [[1949]]) * [[May 26]] - [[Isadora Duncan]], American dancer (d. [[1927]]) * [[May 28]] - [[Paul Pelliot]], French sinologist (d. [[1945]]) * [[June 1]] - [[John Masefield]], English poet and novelist (d. [[1967]]) * [[June 3]] - [[Barney Oldfield]], American automobile racer and pioneer (d. [[1946]]) * [[June 5]] - [[Pancho Villa]], Mexican revolutionary (d. [[1923]]) ===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 4]] - [[George M. Cohan]], American singer, dancer, composer, actor, and writer (d. [[1942]]) * [[July 24]] - [[Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron Dunsany|Edward Plunkett, Baron Dunsany]], Irish author (d. [[1957]]) * [[August 10]] - [[Alfred Döblin]], German writer (d. [[1957]]) * [[August 28]] - [[George Whipple]], American scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1976]]) * [[August 31]] - [[Frank Jarvis]], American athlete (d. [[1933]]) * [[September 5]] - [[Robert von Lieben]], Austrian physicist (d. [[1913]]) * [[September 13]] - [[Matilde Moisant]], American pilot (d. [[1964]]) * [[September 20]] - [[Upton Sinclair]], American writer (d. [[1968]]) * [[September 22]] - [[Yoshida Shigeru]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1967]]) * [[September 24]] - [[Charles Ferdinand Ramuz|C. F. Ramuz]], Swiss writer (d. [[1947]]) * [[October 1]] - [[Othmar Spann]], Austrian philosopher and economist (d. [[1950]]) * [[October 16]] - [[Maxey Long]], American athlete (d. [[1959]]) * [[November 1]] - [[Carlos Saavedra Lamas]], Argentine politician, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1959]]) * [[November 14]] - [[Leopold Staff]], Polish poet (d. [[1957]]) **[[Julie Manet]] - French painter (d. [[1966]]) * [[November 17]] - [[Grace Abbott]], American social worker and activist (d. [[1939]]) * [[December 18]] - [[Joseph Stalin]], Soviet leader (d. [[1953]]) * [[December 25]] **[[Louis Chevrolet]], Swiss-born race driver and automobile builder (d. [[1941]]) **[[Joseph Schenck]], Russian-born film executive (d. [[1961]]) *[[December 28]] - [[Nikolai Bryukhanov]], Soviet statesman and political figure who served as People's Commissar of Finances (d.[[1938]]) * [[December 31]] - [[Elizabeth Arden]], Canadian-born beautician and cosmetics entrepreneur (d. [[1966]]) * [[December 31]] - [[Horacio Quiroga]], Argentina's writer was born in Salto, Uruguay (d. [[1937]]) ==Deaths== ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 8]] - [[Nikolay Nekrasov]], Russian poet (b. [[1821]]) *[[January 9]] - King [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy]] (b. [[1820]]) *[[January 18]] - [[Antoine César Becquerel]], French scientist (b. [[1788]]) *[[February 7]] - [[Pope Pius IX]] (b. [[1792]]) *[[February 11]] - [[Gideon Welles]], American politician (b. [[1802]]) *[[February 19]] - [[Charles-Francois Daubigny]], French painter (b. [[1817]]) *[[February 26]] - [[Angelo Secchi]], Italian astronomer (b. [[1818]]) *[[March 8]] - [[Archduke Franz Karl of Austria]] (b. [[1802]]) *[[April 8]] - [[Henrietta Treffz]], soprano, first wife of [[Johann Strauss II]] (b. [[1818]]) *[[April 12]] - [[William Marcy Tweed]], American politician (b. [[1823]]) *[[April 25]] - [[Anna Sewell]], English author (b. [[1820]]) *[[May 28]] - [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1792]]) *[[June 6]] **[[Robert Stirling]], Scottish clergyman and inventor (b. [[1790]]) **[[Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers]], Marshal of France (b. [[1795]]) **[[Porter Rockwell]], Mormon bodyguard (b. [[1815]]) *[[June 12]] **[[George V of Hanover]] (b. [[1819]]) **[[Hendrik Jut]], murderer (b. [[1851]]) ===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[July 1]] - [[Catherine Winkworth]], translator of hymns (b. [[1827]]) *[[July 17]] - [[Aleardo Aleardi]], Italian poet (b. [[1812]]) *[[July 23]] - [[Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky]], Bohemian pathologist, philosopher and politician (b. [[1804]]) *[[August 30]] - [[James Geiss]], English businessman (b. [[1820]]) *[[November 16]] - [[Princess Marie of Hesse]] dies aged for of [[diptheria]]. A disease which at the time the majority of her family suffered, and which her mother [[Alice of the United Kingdom]] succumbed to a month later. *[[November 20]] - [[William Thomas (Islwyn)]], Welsh poet (b. [[1832]]) *[[November 28]] - [[Orson Hyde]], American religious leader (b. [[1805]]) *[[December 10]] - [[Henry Wells]], American businessman (b. [[1805]]) *[[December 14]] - [[Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine]] (b. [[1843]]) {{commonscat}} [[Category:1878| ]] [[af:1878]] [[am:1878 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1878]] [[an:1878]] [[roa-rup:1878]] [[ast:1878]] [[az:1878]] [[bn:১৮৭৮]] [[map-bms:1878]] [[be:1878]] [[be-x-old:1878]] [[bh:१८७८]] [[bs:1878]] [[br:1878]] [[bg:1878]] [[ca:1878]] [[cv:1878]] [[ceb:1878]] [[cs:1878]] [[co:1878]] [[cy:1878]] [[da:1878]] [[de:1878]] [[et:1878]] [[el:1878]] [[es:1878]] [[eo:1878]] [[eu:1878]] [[fo:1878]] [[hif:1878]] [[fr:1878]] [[fy:1878]] [[ga:1878]] [[gd:1878]] [[gl:1878]] [[ko:1878년]] [[hy:1878]] [[hi:1878]] [[hr:1878.]] [[io:1878]] [[bpy:মারি ১৮৭৮]] [[id:1878]] [[ia:1878]] [[os:1878]] [[is:1878]] [[it:1878]] [[he:1878]] [[jv:1878]] [[ka:1878]] [[csb:1878]] [[sw:1878]] [[ht:1878 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[la:1878]] [[lb:1878]] [[lt:1878 m.]] [[hu:1878]] [[mk:1878]] [[mi:1878]] [[mr:इ.स. १८७८]] [[ms:1878]] [[nah:1878]] [[nl:1878]] [[new:ई सं १८७८]] [[ja:1878年]] [[nap:1878]] [[no:1878]] [[nn:1878]] [[nrm:1878]] [[nov:1878]] [[oc:1878]] [[uz:1878]] [[pi:१८७८]] [[nds:1878]] [[pl:1878]] [[pt:1878]] [[ksh:Joohr 1878]] [[ro:1878]] [[ru:1878 год]] [[se:1878]] [[sq:1878]] [[scn:1878]] [[simple:1878]] [[sk:1878]] [[sl:1878]] [[sr:1878]] [[sh:1878]] [[su:1878]] [[fi:1878]] [[sv:1878]] [[tl:1878]] [[ta:1878]] [[te:1878]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2421]] [[tr:1878]] [[uk:1878]] [[vec:1878]] [[wa:1878]] [[zh-yue:1878年]] [[cbk-zam:1878]] [[bat-smg:1878]] [[zh:1878年]]