1879 34968 224690984 2008-07-10T00:03:54Z 144.137.206.33 {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} {{C19YearInTopicX}} Year '''1879''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat,Tue-Sun,Wed-Mon,Thu-Tue,Fr-We,Sa-Th,Sun-Fri --> == Events of 1879 == === January - March === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 1]] - The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The [[United States Note|Greenback]] is valued the same as [[Gold]] for the first time since the Civil War. * [[January]] - The current constitution of The State of [[California]], [[USA]] was ratified. * [[January 2]] - [[Fred Spoifforth]] claims the first [[Hat-trick]] in [[test cricket]]. * [[January 11]] - [[Anglo-Zulu War]] begins. * [[January 22]] - [[Zulu's]] troops massacre [[United Kingdom|British]] troops at the [[Battle of Isandlwana]]. At [[Rorke's Drift]], outnumbered British soldiers drive the attackers away after hours of fighting. * [[February 12]] - At [[New York City]]'s [[Madison Square Garden]] the first artificial [[ice rink]] in [[North America]] opens. * [[February 14]] - At [[Antosfagaita]], [[Chile]]: Chilean troops disembark in this port, then Bolivian. This is the beginning of the [[War of the Pacific]] between Chile and the joint forces of [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]]. * [[February 15]] - [[Women's rights]]: American [[President of the United States|President]] [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] signs a bill allowing female [[lawyer|attorney]]s to argue cases before the [[Supreme Court of the United States]]. * [[February 22]] - In [[Utica, New York]], [[Frank Woolworth]] opens the first of many of 5 and 10-cent Woolworth stores. * [[February 27]] - The discovery of [[saccharin]] is announced. * [[March 3]] - The [[United States Geological Survey]] is created * [[March 12]] - [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: A [[United Kingdom|British]] force over one-hundred strong is [[Battle of Intombe|ambushed and destroyed by Zulu forces]]. * [[March 13]] - Marriage of [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught|The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]], third son of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]], to [[Princess Louise Margaret, Duchess of Connaught|Princess Louise Marguerite of Prussia]]. * [[March 28]] - [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] forces suffer a defeat at the [[Battle of Hlobane]]. * [[March 29]] - [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: [[Battle of Kambula]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] forces defeat 20,000 [[Zulu]]s. === April - June === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[April 3]] **The [[Anti Revolutionary Party]] is formed in the Netherlands by [[Abraham Kuyper]]. It is the first political party formed advocating [[Christian Democracy]]; in opposition to the secularism of Dutch society, which was following a course in the militant secularism of the [[French Revolution]]. **[[Anglo-Zulu War]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] forces successfully lift the two-month [[Siege of Eshowe]]. * [[April 4]] - [[Sofia]] becomes the official capital of the [[Third Bulgarian State]]. * [[April 21]] ([[San Jacinto Day]]) - [[Texas]] [[governor]] Oran M. Roberts authorized the establishment of Sam Houston Normal Institute (today known as [[Sam Houston State University]]). * [[April 24]] - Swedish explorer [[Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld]] arrives in [[Stockholm]] with the [[S/S Vega]], concluding the world's first [[circumnavigation]] of [[Eurasia]]. * [[May 14]] - The first group of 463 [[Indian indenture system|Indian indentured labourers]] arrive in [[Fiji]] abroad the ''[[Leonidas (ship)|Leonidas]]''. * [[May 26]] - [[Russia]] and the [[United Kingdom]] sign the [[Treaty of Gandamak]] establishing an [[Afghan state]]. * [[May 30]] - [[New York City]]'s Gilmores Garden is renamed [[Madison Square Garden]] by [[William Henry Vanderbilt]] and is opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison Avenue. * [[June 1]] - [[Napoléon Eugène, Prince Imperial]] (Napoléon IV), great-nephew of [[Napoléon Bonaparte]], [[Bonapartist]] Pretender to the throne, died in Africa during the [[Anglo-Zulu War]] *[[June 14]] - [[Sidney Faithorn Green]], an [[Anglican]] [[priest]] in the [[Church of England]], is tried and convicted for using [[Ritualism|Ritualist]] practices === July - September === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 4]] - [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: The [[Anglo-Zulu War]] effectively ends at the [[Battle of Ulundi]]. * [[July 19]] - [[Doc Holliday]] kills for the first time after a man shoots-up Holliday's [[New Mexico]] saloon. * [[August 21]] - [[Marian apparitions|Virgin Mary]], along with [[St. Joseph]] and [[St. John the Evangelist]] appeared in [[Knock, County Mayo|Knock]] to local people. * [[September 8]] - [[The Octagon, Dunedin|The Octagon fire]] claims 12 victims in [[Dunedin, New Zealand]]. * [[September 29]] - [[Meeker Massacre]] occurred === October - December === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[October 7]] - [[Dual Alliance (1879)|Dual Alliance]] formed by [[Germany]] and [[Austria-Hungary]] * [[October 21]] - Using a filament of [[carbon]]ized thread, [[Thomas Edison]] tests the first practical electric [[light bulb]] (it lasted 13½ hours before burning out). * [[December 28]] - The central part of the [[Tay Rail Bridge]] in [[Dundee, Scotland]] collapses as a train passed over it, killing 75. * [[December 30]] - [[The Pirates of Penzance]] is first performed ([[Paignton]], [[Devon]], [[England]]). * [[December 31]] - [[Thomas Edison]] demonstrates [[incandescent lighting]] to the public for the first time ([[Menlo Park, New Jersey]]). ===Undated=== * [[Ferdinand Cheval]] begins to build his ''Palais Idéal'' in [[France]]. * [[Fulham F.C.]] was founded * [[Hall effect]] discovered by Dr. [[Edwin Hall]]. * [[Henrik Ibsen]] (while living in Italy), publishes his masterpiece, [[A Doll’s House]]. * [[Simmons College of Kentucky]], a historically black school, is founded. * [[Somerville College, Oxford]], is founded. * [[Stefan-Boltzmann law]] discovered by [[Joseph Stefan|Jožef Stefan]]. * The [[Archaeological Institute of America]] (AIA) was formed. * [[Wilhelm Wundt]] establishes the first psychology research laboratory at the University of [[Leipzig]]. ===Literature=== The following are references to 1879 in literature: * [[November]] - Occult Date of the [[Archangel Michael]] overcoming the Dragon<ref>{{cite book |last = Steiner |first = Rudolf | editor = Christopher Bamford | origyear = 1917 | year = 1994 | title = The Archangel Michael |publisher = Anthroposophic Press | location = Hudson, NY | id = ISBN 0-88010-378-7 }}</ref> ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 12}} ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 1]] - [[E. M. Forster]], English writer (d. [[1970]]) * [[January 3]] - [[Grace Coolidge]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (d. [[1957]]) * [[January 10]] - [[Bobby Walker]], Scotish footballer (d. [[1930]]) * [[January 12]] - [[Ray Harroun]], American race car driver (d. [[1968]]) * [[January 13]] - [[Melvin Jones]], American founder of Lions Clubs International (d. [[1961]]) * [[January 20]] - [[Ruth St. Denis]], dancer (d. [[1968]]) * [[January 28]] - [[Francis Picabia]], French painter and poet (d. [[1953]]) * [[February 22]] - [[J. N. Brønsted]], Danish chemist (d. [[1947]]) * [[February 26]] - [[Frank Bridge]], English composer (d. [[1941]]) * [[March 8]] - [[Otto Hahn]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1968]]) * [[March 14]] - [[Albert Einstein]], German-born physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1955]]) * [[March 26]] - [[Othmar Ammann]], Swiss-born engineer (d. [[1965]]) * [[March 27]] - [[Edward Steichen]], Luxembourgeois-born painter/photographer (d. [[1973]]) * [[March 30]] - [[Coen de Koning]], Dutch speed skater (d. [[1954]]) * [[April 16]] - [[Gala Galaction]], Romanian writer (d. [[1961]]) * [[April 20]] - [[Paul Poiret]], French couturier (d. [[1944]]) * [[April 26]] - [[Owen Willans Richardson]], British physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1959]]) * [[April 29]] - Sir [[Thomas Beecham]], English conductor (d. [[1961]]) * [[May 6]] - [[Bedrich Hrozny|Bedřich Hrozny´]], Czech orientalist and linguist (d. [[1952]]) * [[May 17]] - [[Simon Petlyura]], Ukrainian independence fighter (d. [[1926]]) * [[May 19]] **[[Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor]], American-born politician (d. [[1964]]) **[[Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor|Viscount Waldorf Astor]], British businessman and politician (d. [[1952]]) * [[May 22]] - [[Alla Nazimova]], Ukrainian-born stage and film actress (d. [[1945]]) * [[May 23]] - [[Dezső Lauber]], Hungarian sportsman (d. [[1966]]) * [[May 25]] - [[Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook]], Canadian-born statesman and newspaper publisher (d. [[1964]]) * [[June 3]] - [[Raymond Pearl]], American biologist (d. [[1940]]) * [[June 10]] - [[Rafael Erich]], Prime minister of Finland (d. [[1946]]) ===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 1]] - [[Léon Jouhaux]], French labour leader, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1954]]) * [[July 5]] - [[Wanda Landowska]], Polish harpsichordist (d. [[1959]]) * [[July 22]] - [[Janusz Korczak]] (pen-name of Henryk Goldszmit), Polish-Jewish children's author, pediatrician, and child pedagogist (born 1878 or [[1879#Births]])) (d. [[1942]]) * [[August 8]] - [[Emiliano Zapata]], Mexican revolutionary (d. [[1919]]) * [[August 13]] - [[John Ireland (composer)|John Ireland]], English composer (d. [[1962]]) * [[August 15]] - [[Ethel Barrymore]], stage & film actress (d. [[1959]]) * [[August 21]] - [[Claude Grahame White]], British aviation pioneer, (d. [[1959]]) * [[August 31]] - [[Emperor Taishō]], 123rd [[Emperor of Japan]] (d. [[1926]]) * [[September 2]] - [[An Jung-geun]], assassin of the Japanese politician, [[Ito Hirobumi]] (d. [[1910]]) * [[September 6]] - [[Joseph Wirth]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (d. [[1956]]) * [[September 14]] - [[Margaret Sanger]], American birth control advocate (d. [[1966]]) * [[September 15]] - [[Joseph Lyons]], Prime Minister of Australia (d. [[1939]]) * [[September 15]] - [[Victor Sjöström]], Swedish film actor and director (d. [[1960]]) * [[September 28]] - [[Lope K. Santos]], Filipino writer, Father of Philippine National Language and Grammar, (d. [[1963]]) * [[September 27]] - [[Hans Hahn]], Austrian mathematician (d. [[1934]]) * [[October 2]] - [[Wallace Stevens]], American poet (d. [[1955]]) * [[October 3]] - [[Warner Oland]], Swedish-born actor (d. [[1938]]) * [[October 5]] - [[Francis Peyton Rous]], American pathologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1970]]) * [[October 9]] - [[Max von Laue]], German physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1960]]) * [[October 21]] - [[Joseph Canteloube]], French composer and singer (d. [[1957]]) * [[October 29]] - [[Franz von Papen]], Chancellor of Germany (d. [[1969]]) * [[November 4]] - [[Will Rogers]], American humorist (d. [[1935]]) * [[November 7]] - [[Leon Trotsky]], Russian revolutionary (d. [[1940]]) * [[November 10]] ** [[Vachel Lindsay]], American poet (d. [[1931]]) ** [[Patrick Pearse]], Irish patriot (d. [[1916]]) * [[December 12]] - [[Laura Hope Crews]], stage & film actress (aunt PittyPat), (d. [[1942]]) * [[November 26]] - [[Charles W. Goddard]], playwright and screenwriter (d. [[1951]]) * [[December 4]] - [[Nagai Kafu]], Japanese writer (d. [[1959]]) * [[December 10]] - [[Jouett Shouse]], American politician (d. [[1968]]) * [[December 18]] - [[Paul Klee]], Swiss artist (d. [[1940]]) * [[December 28]] - [[Billy Mitchell]], U.S. general and military aviation pioneer (d. [[1936]]) * [[December 29]] - [[Florence Mary Taylor]], Australia's first female architect (d. [[1969]]) *''date unknown'' **[[Joseph Campbell (poet)|Joseph Campbell]], Northern Irish poet and lyricist (d. [[1944]]) **[[Robert Wilson Lynd]], Northern Irish essayist and writer (d. [[1949]]) **[[Frank McGee (ice hockey)|Francis "Frank" Mcgee]], ice hockey superstar (d. 1916, [[Battle of the Somme]]) ==Deaths== ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 8]] - [[Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara]] (b. [[1793]]) *[[February 11]] - [[Honoré Daumier]], French caricaturist and painter (b. [[1808]]) *[[February 23]] - [[Albrecht Graf von Roon]], Prime Minister of Prussia (b. [[1803]]) *[[February 25]] - [[Charles Peace]], British criminal (executed) (b. [[1832]]) *[[March 1]] - [[Joachim Heer]], Swiss politician (b. [[1825]]) *[[March 2]] - [[John Eberhard Faber]], pencil manufacturer (b. [[1822]]) *[[March 27]] **[[Hércules Florence]], Brazilian photographer (b. [[1804]]) **[[Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1868-1879)|Prince Waldemar of Prussia]] (b. [[1868]]) * [[March 30]] - [[Thomas Couture]], French painter and teacher (b. [[1815]]) * [[April 30]] - [[Sarah Josepha Hale]], American author (b. [[1788]]) * [[June 1]] - [[Napoleon Eugene, Prince Imperial]], son of French Emperor [[Napoleon III]] (b. [[1856]]) ===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[July 17]] - [[Maurycy Gottlieb]], Ukrainian painter (b. [[1856]]) *[[July 19]] - [[Louis Favre]], engineer (b. [[1826]]) * [[August 11]] - [[George Willison Adams]], Ohio abolitionist (b.[[1799]]) * [[August 30]] - [[John Bell Hood]], America Confederate general (b. [[1831]]) *[[September 30]] - [[Francis Gillette]], politician (b. [[1807]]) * [[November 5]] - [[James Clerk Maxwell]], Scottish physicist (b. [[1831]]) *[[December 2]] - [[Ferdinand Lindheimer]], German-born botanist (b. [[1801]]) *[[December 7]] - [[Jón Sigurðsson]], campaigner for Icelandic independence (b. [[1811]]) {{commonscat}} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:1879| ]] [[af:1879]] [[am:1879 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1879]] [[an:1879]] [[ast:1879]] [[az:1879]] [[bn:১৮৭৯]] [[map-bms:1879]] [[be:1879]] [[be-x-old:1879]] [[bh:१८७९]] [[bs:1879]] [[br:1879]] [[bg:1879]] [[ca:1879]] [[cv:1879]] [[cs:1879]] [[co:1879]] [[cy:1879]] [[da:1879]] [[de:1879]] [[et:1879]] [[el:1879]] [[es:1879]] [[eo:1879]] [[eu:1879]] [[fa:۱۸۷۹ (میلادی)]] [[fo:1879]] [[hif:1879]] [[fr:1879]] [[fy:1879]] [[fur:1879]] [[ga:1879]] [[gd:1879]] [[gl:1879]] [[ko:1879년]] [[hy:1879]] [[hi:1879]] [[hr:1879.]] [[io:1879]] [[bpy:মারি ১৮৭৯]] [[id:1879]] [[ia:1879]] [[os:1879]] [[is:1879]] [[it:1879]] [[he:1879]] [[jv:1879]] [[kn:೧೮೭೯]] [[ka:1879]] [[csb:1879]] [[sw:1879]] [[ht:1879 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[la:1879]] [[lb:1879]] [[lt:1879 m.]] [[lmo:1879]] [[hu:1879]] [[mk:1879]] [[mi:1879]] [[mr:इ.स. १८७९]] [[ms:1879]] [[nah:1879]] [[nl:1879]] [[new:ई सं १८७९]] [[ja:1879年]] [[nap:1879]] [[no:1879]] [[nn:1879]] [[nrm:1879]] [[nov:1879]] [[oc:1879]] [[uz:1879]] [[pi:१८७९]] [[nds:1879]] [[pl:1879]] [[pt:1879]] [[ksh:Joohr 1879]] [[ro:1879]] [[ru:1879 год]] [[se:1879]] [[sq:1879]] [[scn:1879]] [[simple:1879]] [[sk:1879]] [[sl:1879]] [[sr:1879]] [[su:1879]] [[fi:1879]] [[sv:1879]] [[tl:1879]] [[ta:1879]] [[te:1879]] [[tet:1879]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2422]] [[tg:1879]] [[tr:1879]] [[uk:1879]] [[vec:1879]] [[wa:1879]] [[zh-yue:1879年]] [[cbk-zam:1879]] [[bat-smg:1879]] [[zh:1879年]]