1879
34968
224690984
2008-07-10T00:03:54Z
144.137.206.33
{{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1879''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
<!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat,Tue-Sun,Wed-Mon,Thu-Tue,Fr-We,Sa-Th,Sun-Fri
-->
== Events of 1879 ==
=== January - March ===
<!--
Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
* [[January 1]] - The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The [[United States Note|Greenback]] is valued the same as [[Gold]] for the first time since the Civil War.
* [[January]] - The current constitution of The State of [[California]], [[USA]] was ratified.
* [[January 2]] - [[Fred Spoifforth]] claims the first [[Hat-trick]] in [[test cricket]].
* [[January 11]] - [[Anglo-Zulu War]] begins.
* [[January 22]] - [[Zulu's]] troops massacre [[United Kingdom|British]] troops at the [[Battle of Isandlwana]]. At [[Rorke's Drift]], outnumbered British soldiers drive the attackers away after hours of fighting.
* [[February 12]] - At [[New York City]]'s [[Madison Square Garden]] the first artificial [[ice rink]] in [[North America]] opens.
* [[February 14]] - At [[Antosfagaita]], [[Chile]]: Chilean troops disembark in this port, then Bolivian. This is the beginning of the [[War of the Pacific]] between Chile and the joint forces of [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]].
* [[February 15]] - [[Women's rights]]: American [[President of the United States|President]] [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] signs a bill allowing female [[lawyer|attorney]]s to argue cases before the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].
* [[February 22]] - In [[Utica, New York]], [[Frank Woolworth]] opens the first of many of 5 and 10-cent Woolworth stores.
* [[February 27]] - The discovery of [[saccharin]] is announced.
* [[March 3]] - The [[United States Geological Survey]] is created
* [[March 12]] - [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: A [[United Kingdom|British]] force over one-hundred strong is [[Battle of Intombe|ambushed and destroyed by Zulu forces]].
* [[March 13]] - Marriage of [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught|The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]], third son of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]], to [[Princess Louise Margaret, Duchess of Connaught|Princess Louise Marguerite of Prussia]].
* [[March 28]] - [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] forces suffer a defeat at the [[Battle of Hlobane]].
* [[March 29]] - [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: [[Battle of Kambula]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] forces defeat 20,000 [[Zulu]]s.
=== April - June ===
<!--
Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
* [[April 3]]
**The [[Anti Revolutionary Party]] is formed in the Netherlands by [[Abraham Kuyper]]. It is the first political party formed advocating [[Christian Democracy]]; in opposition to the secularism of Dutch society, which was following a course in the militant secularism of the [[French Revolution]].
**[[Anglo-Zulu War]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] forces successfully lift the two-month [[Siege of Eshowe]].
* [[April 4]] - [[Sofia]] becomes the official capital of the [[Third Bulgarian State]].
* [[April 21]] ([[San Jacinto Day]]) - [[Texas]] [[governor]] Oran M. Roberts authorized the establishment of Sam Houston Normal Institute (today known as [[Sam Houston State University]]).
* [[April 24]] - Swedish explorer [[Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld]] arrives in [[Stockholm]] with the [[S/S Vega]], concluding the world's first [[circumnavigation]] of [[Eurasia]].
* [[May 14]] - The first group of 463 [[Indian indenture system|Indian indentured labourers]] arrive in [[Fiji]] abroad the ''[[Leonidas (ship)|Leonidas]]''.
* [[May 26]] - [[Russia]] and the [[United Kingdom]] sign the [[Treaty of Gandamak]] establishing an [[Afghan state]].
* [[May 30]] - [[New York City]]'s Gilmores Garden is renamed [[Madison Square Garden]] by [[William Henry Vanderbilt]] and is opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison Avenue.
* [[June 1]] - [[Napoléon Eugène, Prince Imperial]] (Napoléon IV), great-nephew of [[Napoléon Bonaparte]], [[Bonapartist]] Pretender to the throne, died in Africa during the [[Anglo-Zulu War]]
*[[June 14]] - [[Sidney Faithorn Green]], an [[Anglican]] [[priest]] in the [[Church of England]], is tried and convicted for using [[Ritualism|Ritualist]] practices
=== July - September ===
<!--
Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
* [[July 4]] - [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: The [[Anglo-Zulu War]] effectively ends at the [[Battle of Ulundi]].
* [[July 19]] - [[Doc Holliday]] kills for the first time after a man shoots-up Holliday's [[New Mexico]] saloon.
* [[August 21]] - [[Marian apparitions|Virgin Mary]], along with [[St. Joseph]] and [[St. John the Evangelist]] appeared in [[Knock, County Mayo|Knock]] to local people.
* [[September 8]] - [[The Octagon, Dunedin|The Octagon fire]] claims 12 victims in [[Dunedin, New Zealand]].
* [[September 29]] - [[Meeker Massacre]] occurred
=== October - December ===
<!--
Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
* [[October 7]] - [[Dual Alliance (1879)|Dual Alliance]] formed by [[Germany]] and [[Austria-Hungary]]
* [[October 21]] - Using a filament of [[carbon]]ized thread, [[Thomas Edison]] tests the first practical electric [[light bulb]] (it lasted 13½ hours before burning out).
* [[December 28]] - The central part of the [[Tay Rail Bridge]] in [[Dundee, Scotland]] collapses as a train passed over it, killing 75.
* [[December 30]] - [[The Pirates of Penzance]] is first performed ([[Paignton]], [[Devon]], [[England]]).
* [[December 31]] - [[Thomas Edison]] demonstrates [[incandescent lighting]] to the public for the first time ([[Menlo Park, New Jersey]]).
===Undated===
* [[Ferdinand Cheval]] begins to build his ''Palais Idéal'' in [[France]].
* [[Fulham F.C.]] was founded
* [[Hall effect]] discovered by Dr. [[Edwin Hall]].
* [[Henrik Ibsen]] (while living in Italy), publishes his masterpiece, [[A Doll’s House]].
* [[Simmons College of Kentucky]], a historically black school, is founded.
* [[Somerville College, Oxford]], is founded.
* [[Stefan-Boltzmann law]] discovered by [[Joseph Stefan|Jožef Stefan]].
* The [[Archaeological Institute of America]] (AIA) was formed.
* [[Wilhelm Wundt]] establishes the first psychology research laboratory at the University of [[Leipzig]].
===Literature===
The following are references to 1879 in literature:
* [[November]] - Occult Date of the [[Archangel Michael]] overcoming the Dragon<ref>{{cite book |last = Steiner |first = Rudolf | editor = Christopher Bamford | origyear = 1917 | year = 1994 | title = The Archangel Michael |publisher = Anthroposophic Press | location = Hudson, NY | id = ISBN 0-88010-378-7 }}</ref>
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 12}}
===January - June===
<!--
Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
* [[January 1]] - [[E. M. Forster]], English writer (d. [[1970]])
* [[January 3]] - [[Grace Coolidge]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (d. [[1957]])
* [[January 10]] - [[Bobby Walker]], Scotish footballer (d. [[1930]])
* [[January 12]] - [[Ray Harroun]], American race car driver (d. [[1968]])
* [[January 13]] - [[Melvin Jones]], American founder of Lions Clubs International (d. [[1961]])
* [[January 20]] - [[Ruth St. Denis]], dancer (d. [[1968]])
* [[January 28]] - [[Francis Picabia]], French painter and poet (d. [[1953]])
* [[February 22]] - [[J. N. Brønsted]], Danish chemist (d. [[1947]])
* [[February 26]] - [[Frank Bridge]], English composer (d. [[1941]])
* [[March 8]] - [[Otto Hahn]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1968]])
* [[March 14]] - [[Albert Einstein]], German-born physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1955]])
* [[March 26]] - [[Othmar Ammann]], Swiss-born engineer (d. [[1965]])
* [[March 27]] - [[Edward Steichen]], Luxembourgeois-born painter/photographer (d. [[1973]])
* [[March 30]] - [[Coen de Koning]], Dutch speed skater (d. [[1954]])
* [[April 16]] - [[Gala Galaction]], Romanian writer (d. [[1961]])
* [[April 20]] - [[Paul Poiret]], French couturier (d. [[1944]])
* [[April 26]] - [[Owen Willans Richardson]], British physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1959]])
* [[April 29]] - Sir [[Thomas Beecham]], English conductor (d. [[1961]])
* [[May 6]] - [[Bedrich Hrozny|Bedřich Hrozny´]], Czech orientalist and linguist (d. [[1952]])
* [[May 17]] - [[Simon Petlyura]], Ukrainian independence fighter (d. [[1926]])
* [[May 19]]
**[[Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor]], American-born politician (d. [[1964]])
**[[Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor|Viscount Waldorf Astor]], British businessman and politician (d. [[1952]])
* [[May 22]] - [[Alla Nazimova]], Ukrainian-born stage and film actress (d. [[1945]])
* [[May 23]] - [[Dezső Lauber]], Hungarian sportsman (d. [[1966]])
* [[May 25]] - [[Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook]], Canadian-born statesman and newspaper publisher (d. [[1964]])
* [[June 3]] - [[Raymond Pearl]], American biologist (d. [[1940]])
* [[June 10]] - [[Rafael Erich]], Prime minister of Finland (d. [[1946]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
<!--
Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
* [[July 1]] - [[Léon Jouhaux]], French labour leader, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1954]])
* [[July 5]] - [[Wanda Landowska]], Polish harpsichordist (d. [[1959]])
* [[July 22]] - [[Janusz Korczak]] (pen-name of Henryk Goldszmit), Polish-Jewish children's author, pediatrician, and child pedagogist (born 1878 or [[1879#Births]])) (d. [[1942]])
* [[August 8]] - [[Emiliano Zapata]], Mexican revolutionary (d. [[1919]])
* [[August 13]] - [[John Ireland (composer)|John Ireland]], English composer (d. [[1962]])
* [[August 15]] - [[Ethel Barrymore]], stage & film actress (d. [[1959]])
* [[August 21]] - [[Claude Grahame White]], British aviation pioneer, (d. [[1959]])
* [[August 31]] - [[Emperor Taishō]], 123rd [[Emperor of Japan]] (d. [[1926]])
* [[September 2]] - [[An Jung-geun]], assassin of the Japanese politician, [[Ito Hirobumi]] (d. [[1910]])
* [[September 6]] - [[Joseph Wirth]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (d. [[1956]])
* [[September 14]] - [[Margaret Sanger]], American birth control advocate (d. [[1966]])
* [[September 15]] - [[Joseph Lyons]], Prime Minister of Australia (d. [[1939]])
* [[September 15]] - [[Victor Sjöström]], Swedish film actor and director (d. [[1960]])
* [[September 28]] - [[Lope K. Santos]], Filipino writer, Father of Philippine National Language and Grammar, (d. [[1963]])
* [[September 27]] - [[Hans Hahn]], Austrian mathematician (d. [[1934]])
* [[October 2]] - [[Wallace Stevens]], American poet (d. [[1955]])
* [[October 3]] - [[Warner Oland]], Swedish-born actor (d. [[1938]])
* [[October 5]] - [[Francis Peyton Rous]], American pathologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1970]])
* [[October 9]] - [[Max von Laue]], German physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1960]])
* [[October 21]] - [[Joseph Canteloube]], French composer and singer (d. [[1957]])
* [[October 29]] - [[Franz von Papen]], Chancellor of Germany (d. [[1969]])
* [[November 4]] - [[Will Rogers]], American humorist (d. [[1935]])
* [[November 7]] - [[Leon Trotsky]], Russian revolutionary (d. [[1940]])
* [[November 10]]
** [[Vachel Lindsay]], American poet (d. [[1931]])
** [[Patrick Pearse]], Irish patriot (d. [[1916]])
* [[December 12]] - [[Laura Hope Crews]], stage & film actress (aunt PittyPat), (d. [[1942]])
* [[November 26]] - [[Charles W. Goddard]], playwright and screenwriter (d. [[1951]])
* [[December 4]] - [[Nagai Kafu]], Japanese writer (d. [[1959]])
* [[December 10]] - [[Jouett Shouse]], American politician (d. [[1968]])
* [[December 18]] - [[Paul Klee]], Swiss artist (d. [[1940]])
* [[December 28]] - [[Billy Mitchell]], U.S. general and military aviation pioneer (d. [[1936]])
* [[December 29]] - [[Florence Mary Taylor]], Australia's first female architect (d. [[1969]])
*''date unknown''
**[[Joseph Campbell (poet)|Joseph Campbell]], Northern Irish poet and lyricist (d. [[1944]])
**[[Robert Wilson Lynd]], Northern Irish essayist and writer (d. [[1949]])
**[[Frank McGee (ice hockey)|Francis "Frank" Mcgee]], ice hockey superstar (d. 1916, [[Battle of the Somme]])
==Deaths==
===January - June===
<!--
Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
*[[January 8]] - [[Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara]] (b. [[1793]])
*[[February 11]] - [[Honoré Daumier]], French caricaturist and painter (b. [[1808]])
*[[February 23]] - [[Albrecht Graf von Roon]], Prime Minister of Prussia (b. [[1803]])
*[[February 25]] - [[Charles Peace]], British criminal (executed) (b. [[1832]])
*[[March 1]] - [[Joachim Heer]], Swiss politician (b. [[1825]])
*[[March 2]] - [[John Eberhard Faber]], pencil manufacturer (b. [[1822]])
*[[March 27]]
**[[Hércules Florence]], Brazilian photographer (b. [[1804]])
**[[Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1868-1879)|Prince Waldemar of Prussia]] (b. [[1868]])
* [[March 30]] - [[Thomas Couture]], French painter and teacher (b. [[1815]])
* [[April 30]] - [[Sarah Josepha Hale]], American author (b. [[1788]])
* [[June 1]] - [[Napoleon Eugene, Prince Imperial]], son of French Emperor [[Napoleon III]] (b. [[1856]])
===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
<!--
Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
*[[July 17]] - [[Maurycy Gottlieb]], Ukrainian painter (b. [[1856]])
*[[July 19]] - [[Louis Favre]], engineer (b. [[1826]])
* [[August 11]] - [[George Willison Adams]], Ohio abolitionist (b.[[1799]])
* [[August 30]] - [[John Bell Hood]], America Confederate general (b. [[1831]])
*[[September 30]] - [[Francis Gillette]], politician (b. [[1807]])
* [[November 5]] - [[James Clerk Maxwell]], Scottish physicist (b. [[1831]])
*[[December 2]] - [[Ferdinand Lindheimer]], German-born botanist (b. [[1801]])
*[[December 7]] - [[Jón Sigurðsson]], campaigner for Icelandic independence (b. [[1811]])
{{commonscat}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1879| ]]
[[af:1879]]
[[am:1879 እ.ኤ.አ.]]
[[ar:1879]]
[[an:1879]]
[[ast:1879]]
[[az:1879]]
[[bn:১৮৭৯]]
[[map-bms:1879]]
[[be:1879]]
[[be-x-old:1879]]
[[bh:१८७९]]
[[bs:1879]]
[[br:1879]]
[[bg:1879]]
[[ca:1879]]
[[cv:1879]]
[[cs:1879]]
[[co:1879]]
[[cy:1879]]
[[da:1879]]
[[de:1879]]
[[et:1879]]
[[el:1879]]
[[es:1879]]
[[eo:1879]]
[[eu:1879]]
[[fa:۱۸۷۹ (میلادی)]]
[[fo:1879]]
[[hif:1879]]
[[fr:1879]]
[[fy:1879]]
[[fur:1879]]
[[ga:1879]]
[[gd:1879]]
[[gl:1879]]
[[ko:1879년]]
[[hy:1879]]
[[hi:1879]]
[[hr:1879.]]
[[io:1879]]
[[bpy:মারি ১৮৭৯]]
[[id:1879]]
[[ia:1879]]
[[os:1879]]
[[is:1879]]
[[it:1879]]
[[he:1879]]
[[jv:1879]]
[[kn:೧೮೭೯]]
[[ka:1879]]
[[csb:1879]]
[[sw:1879]]
[[ht:1879 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[la:1879]]
[[lb:1879]]
[[lt:1879 m.]]
[[lmo:1879]]
[[hu:1879]]
[[mk:1879]]
[[mi:1879]]
[[mr:इ.स. १८७९]]
[[ms:1879]]
[[nah:1879]]
[[nl:1879]]
[[new:ई सं १८७९]]
[[ja:1879年]]
[[nap:1879]]
[[no:1879]]
[[nn:1879]]
[[nrm:1879]]
[[nov:1879]]
[[oc:1879]]
[[uz:1879]]
[[pi:१८७९]]
[[nds:1879]]
[[pl:1879]]
[[pt:1879]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1879]]
[[ro:1879]]
[[ru:1879 год]]
[[se:1879]]
[[sq:1879]]
[[scn:1879]]
[[simple:1879]]
[[sk:1879]]
[[sl:1879]]
[[sr:1879]]
[[su:1879]]
[[fi:1879]]
[[sv:1879]]
[[tl:1879]]
[[ta:1879]]
[[te:1879]]
[[tet:1879]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2422]]
[[tg:1879]]
[[tr:1879]]
[[uk:1879]]
[[vec:1879]]
[[wa:1879]]
[[zh-yue:1879年]]
[[cbk-zam:1879]]
[[bat-smg:1879]]
[[zh:1879年]]