1885
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2008-07-05T14:08:39Z
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{{year nav|1885}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1885''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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== Events of 1885 ==
=== January - March ===
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[[Image:Washington Monument Dusk Jan 2006.jpg|thumb|135px|right| [[February 21|Feb. 21]]: [[Washington Monument]] dedicated.]]
* [[Chile|Chile's]] Matrimony and Civil Registry laws come into effect.
* [[January 4]] - The first successful [[appendectomy]] is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside.
* [[January 20]] - [[L.A. Thompson]] patents the [[roller coaster]].
* [[January 26]] - Troops loyal to the [[Mahdi]] [[Muhammad Ahmad]] conquer [[Khartoum]]
* [[February 5]] - King [[Léopold II of Belgium]] establishes the [[Congo Free State]] as a personal possession.
* [[February 7]] - The play ''La vida alegre y muerte triste'' by dramatist [[José Echegaray]] opens.
* [[February 9]] - The first [[Japan]]ese arrive in [[Hawaii]].
* [[February 21]] - [[United States|US]] president [[Chester A. Arthur]] dedicates the [[Washington Monument]]
* [[February 23]] - British executioner fails to [[hanging|hang]] [[John 'Babbacombe' Lee]], sentenced for the murder of Emma Keyse. Sentence is commuted to [[life imprisonment]]
* [[February 26]] - Final Act of the [[Berlin Conference, 1884-85|Berlin Conference]] regulates [[Europe]]an colonization and trade in [[Africa]].
* [[February 28]] - The month concludes without having a full moon.
* March-May - [[North-West Rebellion]] takes place and is put down in [[Canada]].
* [[March 3]] - A subsidiary of the American Bell Telephone Company, [[AT&T|American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T)]], is incorporated in [[New York]].
* [[March 4]] - [[Grover Cleveland]] replaces [[Chester A. Arthur]] as [[President of the United States]].
* [[March 14]] - [[W. S. Gilbert]] and [[Arthur Sullivan]]'s ''[[The Mikado]]'' opens at the [[Savoy Theatre]].
* [[March 26]] -
** <!--March 26-->''[[The Times]]'' reports that "A lady well-known in literary and scientific circles" has been [[cremation|cremated]] by the [[Cremation Society]] in [[Woking]], [[Surrey]]. Jeannette C. Pickersgill was the first person to be officially cremated in the [[United Kingdom]]
** <!--March 26-->The [[Prussia|Prussian government]] motivated by [[Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]] orders to expel from Prussia all ethnic Poles and Jews without German citizenship. Thus the [[Prussian deportations]] are initiated.
* [[March 30]] - The [[Battle for Kushka]] triggers the [[Panjdeh Incident]] which nearly gives rise to war between the [[British Empire]] and [[Russian Empire]].
* [[March 31]] - The [[United Kingdom]] establishes a [[protectorate]] over [[Bechuanaland]].
=== April - June ===
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* [[April 3]] - [[Gottlieb Daimler]] is granted a German patent for his 1-cylinder [[water-cooled]] [[engine]] design.
* [[April 30]] - A bill is signed in the New York State legislature forming the [[Niagara Falls|Niagara Falls State Park]].
* [[May 2]]
** ''[[Good Housekeeping]]'' magazine goes on sale for the first time.
** [[Cree]] and [[Assiniboine]] warriors won the [[Battle of Cut Knife]], their largest victory over [[Canada|Canadian]] forces during the [[North-West Rebellion]].
** The [[Congo Free State]] is established by King [[Léopold II of Belgium]].
* [[May 9]]–[[May 12]] - [[Canada|Canadian]] government forces inflict decisive defeat on [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]] rebels at the [[Battle of Batoche]].
* [[June 17]] - The [[Statue of Liberty]] arrives in [[New York City|New York Harbor]].
* [[June 24]] - [[Lord Randolph Churchill|Randolph Churchill]] becomes [[Secretary of State for India]]
=== July - September ===
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* [[July 6]] - [[Louis Pasteur]] successfully tests his [[vaccine]] against [[rabies]]. The patient is [[Joseph Meister]], a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
* [[July 14]] - [[Sarah E. Goode]] is the first female African-American to apply for and receive a [[patent]], for the invention of the hideaway bed.
* [[July 15]] - The Reservation at [[Niagara Falls]] opens, enabling access to all for free. [[Thomas Vincent Welch|Thomas V. Welch]] is the first Superintendent of the Park.
* [[July 20]] - Professional [[football (soccer)]] is legalized in Britain.
* [[July 28]] - [[Louis Riel|Louis Riel's]] trial for [[treason]] begins in [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]].
* [[September 2]] - The [[Rock Springs Massacre]] occurrs in [[Rock Springs, Wyoming]]; 150 white miners attack their [[China|Chinese]] coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town.
* [[September 6]] - Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria. The Unification of Bulgaria is accomplished.
* [[September 8]] - [[Saint Thomas Academy]] is founded.
* [[September 15]] - Train wreck of [[P.T. Barnum]] circus kills giant elephant [[Jumbo]].
* [[September 18]] - Union of [[Eastern Rumelia]] with [[Bulgaria]] proclaimed at [[Plovdiv]].
* [[September 30]] - A British force abolishes the [[Boer]] republic of [[Stellaland]] and adds it to [[British Bechuanaland]].
=== October - December ===
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* [[October 13]] - [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] is established in [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] as the Georgia School of Technology.
* November - [[Third Burmese War]] begins.
* [[November 7]] - [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] finished - Finally: In [[Craigellachie, British Columbia]], construction ends on a [[railway]] extending across [[Canada]]. Prime Minister [[Sir John A. Macdonald]] considered the project to be vital to [[Canada]] due to the exponentially greater potential for military mobility.
* [[November 14]]-[[November 28]] - [[Serbo-Bulgarian War]]: [[Serbia]] declares war against [[Bulgaria]] but is defeated in [[Battle of Slivnitsa]] on [[November 17]]-[[November 19]].
* [[November 16]] - [[Canada|Canadian]] rebel leader of the [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]], [[Louis Riel]] is executed for high [[treason]].
* [[December 1]] - The [[US Patent Office]] acknowledges this date as the day [[Dr Pepper]] was served for the very first time; the exact date of [[Dr Pepper]]'s invention is unknown.
* [[December 28]] - 72 [[India]]n lawyers, academics and journalists gather in [[Bombay]] to form the [[Congress Party]]
===Undated===
[[Image:1885Benz.jpg|thumb|200px|right| The [[Benz Patent Motorwagen]] was built in 1885]]
* The [[Benz Patent Motorwagen]] the first purpose-built [[automobile]] is built.
* Creation of the first genuine safety [[bicycle]], the [[Rover (car)|Rover]], by the nephew of James Starley of Coventry Company; John K Starley.
* [[Cholera]] outbreak in [[Spain]].
* [[Seattle]] and [[Tacoma]] raids on [[Asians]].
* [[Nikola Tesla]] sells a number of his patents to [[George Westinghouse]].
* [[Luton Town]] F.C Created by the merger of Luton Wanderers and Luton Excelsior.
* First [[skyscraper]] - [[Home Insurance Building]] in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], USA (10 floors).
* [[Bicycle Playing Cards]] first produced.
* [[SSAFA Forces Help]] (British charity) is established.
* [[Camp Dudley, YMCA|Camp Dudley]], the oldest continually running boys' camp in America, is founded.
* [[John Ormsby]] publishes his new English translation of ''[[Don Quixote]]'', acclaimed as the most scholarly made up to that time. It will remain in print through the twentieth century. It is the first English translation of the novel to be printed on the [[Internet]].
* [[Michigan Technological University]] (originally Michigan Mining School) opens its doors for the first time in what is now the Houghton County Fire Hall.
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 18}}
===January - June===
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* [[January 6]] - [[Florence Turner]], American actress (d. [[1946]])
* [[January 8]] - [[John Curtin]], [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1945]])
* [[January 11]]
** [[Jack Hoxie]], American actor, rodeo performer (d. [[1965]])
** [[Alice Paul]], American women's rights activist (d. [[1977]])
* [[January 16]] - [[Zhou Zuoren]], Chinese writer (d. [[1967]])
* [[January 21]] - [[Umberto Nobile]], Italian politician and airship designer (d. [[1978]])
* [[January 27]]
** <!--January 27-->[[Jerome Kern]], American composer (d. [[1945]])
** <!--January 27-->[[Eduard Künneke]], German composer (d. [[1953]])
** <!--January 27-->[[Harry Ruby]], American musician, composer, and writer (d. [[1974]])
* [[February 1]] - [[Friedrich Kellner]], German diarist, (d. [[1970]])
* [[February 7]] - [[Sinclair Lewis]], American writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1951]])
* [[February 9]] - [[Alban Berg]], Austrian composer (d. [[1935]])
* [[February 13]] - [[Bess Truman]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (d. [[1982]])
* [[February 14]] - [[Syed Zafarul Hasan]], Muslim philosopher (d. [[1949]])
* [[February 15]] - [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]] (d. [[1969]])
* [[February 21]] - [[Sacha Guitry]], Russian-born dramatist, writer, director, and actor (d. [[1957]])
* [[February 24]]
** [[Chester Nimitz]], U.S. admiral (d. [[1966]])
** [[Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz|Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz]], Polish writer and painter (d. [[1939]])
* [[March 6]] - [[Ring Lardner]], American writer (d. [[1933]])
* [[March 7]] - [[John Tovey]], British admiral of the fleet (d. [[1971]])
* [[March 11]] - Sir [[Malcolm Campbell]], English land and water racer (d. [[1948]])
* [[March 14]] - [[Raoul Lufbery]], World War I American pilot (d. [[1918]])
* [[March 31]] - [[Pascin]], Bulgarian painter (d. [[1930]])
* [[April 1]] - [[Wallace Beery]], American actor (d. [[1949]])
* [[April 3]] - [[Allan Dwan]], Canadian-born film director (d. [[1981]])
* [[April 13]] - [[Vean Gregg]], American baseball player (d. [[1964]])
* [[May 2]] - [[Hedda Hopper]], American columnist (d. [[1966]])
* [[May 7]] - [[George 'Gabby' Hayes]], American actor (d. [[1969]])
* [[May 9]] - [[Eduard C. Lindeman]], American social worker and author (d. [[1953]])
* [[May 14]] - [[Otto Klemperer]], German conductor (d. [[1973]])
* [[May 21]]
** <!--May 21-->[[Oscar A.C. Lund]], Swedish film actor, director, and writer (d. [[1963]])
** <!--May 21-->[[Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg]], consort of [[William, Prince of Albania|William of Wied, Prince of Albania]] (d.[[1936]])
* [[May 24]]- [[Susan Sutherland Isaacs]], educational psychologist and psychoanalyst (d.[[1948]]).
* [[May 22]] - [[Toyoda Soemu]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1957]])
* [[June 5]] - [[Georges Mandel]], French politician and World War II hero (d. [[1944]])
* [[June 9]] - [[John Edensor Littlewood]], British mathematician (d. [[1977]])
* [[June 14]] - [[E. L. Grant Watson]], writer, anthropologist, and biologist (d. [[1970]])
* [[June 22]] - [[Milan Vidmar]], Slovenian electrical engineer and chess player (d. [[1962]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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* [[July 4]] - [[Louis B. Mayer]], American film producer (d. [[1957]])
* [[July 14]] - King [[Sisavang Vong]] of Laos (d. [[1959]])
* [[July 28]] - [[Monte Attell]], American boxer (d. [[1960]])
* [[August 1]] - [[George de Hevesy]], Hungarian chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1966]])
* [[August 7]] - [[Billie Burke]], actress (d. [[1970]])
* [[September 11]] - [[D. H. Lawrence]], English author (d. [[1930]])
* [[September 22]] - [[Ben Chifley]], [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1951]])
* [[September 22]] - [[Erich Von Stroheim]], motion picture actor & director (d. [[1957]])
* [[October 3]] - [[Sophie Treadwell]], American playwright and journalist (d. [[1970]])
* [[October 7]] - [[Niels Bohr]], Danish physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1962]])
* [[October 11]] - [[François Mauriac]], French writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1970]])
* [[October 30]] - [[Ezra Pound]], American poet (d. [[1972]])
* [[November 2]] - [[Harlow Shapley]], American astronomer (d. [[1972]])
* [[November 5]] - [[Will Durant]], American philosopher and writer (d. [[1981]])
* [[November 8]] - [[Eva Morris]], last surviving person documented as born in 1885 (d. [[2000]])
* [[November 9]] ([[October 28]] (O.S.)) - [[Velimir Khlebnikov]], Russian poet (d. [[1922]])
* [[November 11]] - [[George Patton]], American general (d. [[1945]])
* [[November 15]] - [[Frederick Handley Page|Frederick Handley-Page]], British aviation pioneer & aircraft company founder (d. [[1962]])
* [[November 20]] - [[Heinrich Brüning]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (d. [[1970]])
* [[December 2]] - [[George Minot]], American physician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1950]])
* [[December 19]] - [[Joe "King" Oliver]], American jazz musician (d. [[1938]])
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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* [[January 11]] - [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez]], President of Colombia (b. [[1805]])
* [[January 26]] - [[Charles George Gordon|Charles "Chinese" Gordon]], British general (killed in battle) (b. [[1833]])
* [[February 1]] - [[Sidney Gilchrist Thomas]], inventor (b. [[1850]])
* [[February 8]] - [[Nikolai Severtzov]], Russian explorer and naturalist (b.[[1827]])
* [[March 12]] - [[Próspero Fernández Oreamuno]], President of Costa Rica (b. [[1834]])
* [[April 2]] - [[Justo Rufino Barrios]], Central American leader (b. [[1835]])
* [[April 25]] - [[Queen Emma of Hawaii]] (b. [[1836]])
* [[May 22]] - [[Victor Hugo]], French author (b. [[1802]])
* [[June 17]] - [[Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel]], German field marshal (b. [[1809]])
===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
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* [[July 23]] - [[Ulysses S. Grant|Ulysses Simpson Grant]], [[American Civil War]] general and the 18th [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] (b. [[1822]])
* [[August]] - [[Aga Khan II]], religious leader (b. [[1830]])
* [[August 10]] - [[James W. Marshall|James Wilson Marshall]], American contractor and builder of [[Sutter's Mill]] (b. [[1810]])
* [[August 29]] - [[Moriz Ludassy]], Hungarian journalist (b. [[1825]])
* [[September 15]] - [[Jumbo]], the great elephant & star attraction in [[PT Barnum]]'s circus (train accident) (b. [[1861]])
* [[November 16]] - [[Louis Riel]], Canadian leader (hanged for treason) (b. [[1844]])
* [[November 25]]
** <!--November 25-->King [[Alfonso XII of Spain]] (b. [[1857]])
** <!--November 25-->[[Thomas A. Hendricks|Thomas Hendricks]], 21st [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. [[1819]])
* [[November 26]] - [[Thomas Andrews (scientist)|Thomas Andrews]], Irish chemist (b.[[1813]])
* [[December 8]] - [[William Henry Vanderbilt]], American entrepreneur (b. [[1821]])
* [[December 15]] - [[Ferdinand II of Portugal]], consort of Queen Maria II (b. [[1816]])
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