1888
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225547170
2008-07-14T06:56:12Z
Tj9991
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/68.7.188.109|68.7.188.109]] to last version by Zorrobot (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
{{year nav|1888}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
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Year '''1888''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXXVIII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] (click on link for calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[leap year starting on Friday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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In [[Germany]], 1888 is known as the [[Year of Three Emperors]]. Currently, it is the year that, when written in [[Roman numerals]], has the most digits (13). This record will not be equalled until [[2388]] (MMCCCLXXXVIII), or surpassed until [[2888]] (MMDCCCLXXXVIII).
== Events of 1888 ==
=== January - March ===
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* [[January 3]] - The 91-centimeter telescope is first used at [[Lick Observatory]].
* [[January 12]] - [[Blizzard]]s (see: ''[[Schoolhouse Blizzard]]'') hit [[Dakota Territory]], the states of [[Montana]], [[Minnesota]], [[Nebraska]], [[Kansas]], and [[Texas]], leaving 235 dead, many of whom are children on their way home from school.
* [[January 27]] - In [[Washington, DC]], the [[National Geographic Society]] is founded.
* [[February 27]] - In [[West Orange, New Jersey]], [[Thomas Edison]] meets with [[Eadweard Muybridge]] who proposes a scheme for [[sound film]].
* [[March 8]] -The Agriculture College of Utah, which would become [[Utah State University]] is founded in [[Logan, Utah]].
* [[March 11]] - The "[[Great Blizzard of 1888|Great Blizzard of '88]]" begins along the [[eastern seaboard]] of the [[United States]], shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.
* [[March 22]] - [[The Football League]] is formed
* [[March 27]] - [[Dorus Rijkers]] saves the 30-man crew of the ''[[The Rescue of the Renown, 1888|Renown]]'', risking his own life.
[[Image:Brooklyn blizzard 1888.jpg|thumb|210px|right| [[March 11]]: [[Great Blizzard of 1888]].]]
=== April - June ===
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* [[April 11]] - The [[Concertgebouw]] in [[Amsterdam]] is inaugurated.
* [[May 1]] - The [[United States Congress]] establishes the [[Fort Belknap Indian Reservation]].
* [[May 13]] - [[Brazil]] abolishes the last remnants of [[slavery]].
* [[May 28]] - In [[Scotland]], [[Celtic F.C.]] plays its first official match winning 5-2 against [[Rangers F.C.]].
* [[June 3]]
**"[[Kingdom of Sedang]]" formed in modern-day [[Vietnam]].
**''[[Casey at the Bat]]'' published.
* [[June 15]] - [[Wilhelm II]] is crowned Emperor of the [[German Empire]].
* [[June 19]] - In [[Chicago]], Republican Convention opens at [[Auditorium Building, Chicago|Auditorium Building]]. [[Benjamin Harrison]] & [[Levi Morton]] will win the nominations for [[US President|President]] and [[US Vice President|VicePresident]], respectively.
* [[June 29]] - Handel's [[Israel in Egypt]] is recorded onto wax cylinder at [[The Crystal Palace]], it being the earliest known recording of classical music.
=== July - September ===
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[[Image:Jack-the-Ripper-The-Nemesis-of-Neglect-Punch-London-Charivari-cartoon-poem-1888-09-29.jpg|thumb|145px|right| [[August 31]]: Victim found from [[Jack the Ripper]]?]]
* [[July 25]] - Frank Edward McGurrin, a court stenographer from Salt Lake City, Utah, who was purportedly the only person using [[touch typing]] at the time, won a decisive victory over Louis Traub in a typing contest held in Cincinnati, Ohio. This date can be called the birthday of the touch typing method that is widely used now.
* [[July 27]] - [[British parliament]] passes an act that permits [[bicycle]]s on road on condition that they are equipped with a bell that should be rung while on the carriageway. The law will eventually be abolished in 1930.
* [[August 5]] - [[Berta Benz]] arrives in [[Pforzheim]] having driven 40 miles from [[Mannheim]] in a [[car]] manufactured by her husband [[Karl Benz]], thus copmpleting the first first "long-distance" drive in the history of the [[automobile]].
* [[August 7]] - The body of [[Martha Tabram]] is found, a possible murder victim of [[Jack the Ripper]].
* [[August 20]] - There is a mutiny at [[Dufile]], India, and the [[Emin Pasha]] is imprisoned.
* [[August 31]] - [[Mary Ann Nichols]] is murdered. She is considered the first of [[Jack the Ripper]]'s victims.
* [[September 4]] - [[George Eastman]] registers the trademark [[Kodak]], and receives a patent for his [[camera]] which uses roll film.
* [[September 6]] - [[Charles Turner (cricketer)|Charles Turner]] becomes the first cricket [[bowler (cricket)|bowler]] to take 250 wickets in an English season - a feat since accomplished only by [[Tom Richardson]] (twice), [[Jack Hearne (John Thomas Hearne)|J.T. Hearne]], [[Wilfred Rhodes]] (twice) and [[Tich Freeman]] (six times).
* [[September 8]]
**In [[London]], the dead body of [[Annie Chapman]] is found. She is considered to be the second victim of [[Jack the Ripper]].
**In [[England]], the first 6 [[Football League]] matches are played.
*[[September 30]] - In [[London]], the bodies of [[Elizabeth Stride]] and [[Catherine Eddowes]] are found. They are generally considered [[Jack the Ripper]]'s third and fourth victims respectively.
[[Image:Washmem.jpg|thumb|145px|right| [[October 6]]: [[Washington Monument]] opens.]]
=== October - December ===
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*[[October 1]] - [[Sofia University]] is officially opened becoming the first university in liberated Bulgaria.
* [[October 9]] - The [[Washington Monument]] officially opens to the general public.
* [[October 14]] - [[Louis Le Prince]] films the first motion picture: ''[[Roundhay Garden Scene]]'' in [[Roundhay]], [[Leeds]], [[West Yorkshire]], [[UK]]. Followed by his movie ''[[Leeds Bridge]]''.
* [[October 25]] - St. Cuthbert's Society, university of Durham is founded after general meeting chaired by Rev Hastings Rashdall
* [[November 6]] - The [[U.S. presidential election, 1888]]. [[United States Democratic Party]] incumbent [[Grover Cleveland]] wins the popular vote, but loses the [[U.S. Electoral College|Electoral College]] vote to [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] challenger [[Benjamin Harrison]], therefore losing the election.
* [[November 9]] - In [[London]], England, the dead body of [[Mary Jane Kelly]] is found. She is considered to be the fifth, and last, of [[Jack the Ripper]]'s victims. A number of similar murders in England follow, but the police attribute them to copy-cat killers.
* [[December 23]] - During a bout of [[mental illness]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[painter]] [[Vincent van Gogh]] infamously cuts off the lower part of his own left ear.
===Undated===
* [[Annie Besant]] organizes the [[London matchgirls strike of 1888]] in June
* [[John Robert Gregg]] first publishes [[Gregg Shorthand]].
* Prosecution of [[Edward King (English bishop)|Edward King]], [[Anglican]] [[bishop of Lincoln]] for using [[Ritualism|ritualistic practices]] begins.
* [[Sarawak]] and [[Borneo]] become British [[protectorate]]s.
* [[Susan B. Anthony]] organizes a "congress for women's rights" in Washington, DC.
* National library in [[Athens]], [[Greece]], (established?)
* The first [[railway]] in [[China]] goes into operation.
* The [[Kodak]] camera increases the popularity of [[photography]] as a hobby.
* First sightings of the dolphin [[Pelorus Jack]] in [[Cook Strait]], [[New Zealand]].
* [[Camborne School of Mines]] founded in [[Cornwall]], [[United Kingdom]].
* The [[Finnish language|Finnish]] epic, [[Kalevala]] published for the first time in the [[English Language]] by [[John Martin Crawford (scholar)|John Martin Crawford]].
* The [[Baldwin School]] is founded in [[Bryn Mawr]], [[Pennsylvania]]
*A storm with [[hail]] the size of [[grapefruits]] fall somewhere in [[Asia]].
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 21}}
===January - June===
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* [[January 1]] - [[Victor Goldschmidt]], Swiss geochemist (d. [[1947]])
* [[January 8]] - [[Matthew Moore|Matt Moore]], Irish-born actor (d. [[1960]])
* [[January 18]] - [[Thomas Sopwith]], British aviation pioneer and yachtsman (d. [[1989]])
* [[January 24]] - [[Vicki Baum]], Austrian writer (d. [[1960]])
** [[Ernst Heinkel]], German aircraft designer (d. [[1958]])
* [[February 2]] - [[Frederick Lane]], Australian swimmer (d. [[1969]])
* [[February 8]] - [[Edith Evans]], British actress (d. [[1976]])
* [[February 17]] - [[Otto Stern]], German physicist, [[Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1969]])
* [[February 19]]
** [[José Eustasio Rivera]], Colombian writer (d. [[1928]])
** [[Aurora Quezon]], [[First Lady of the Philippines]] (d. [[1949]])
* [[February 20]] - [[Georges Bernanos]], French writer (d. [[1948]])
* [[February 23]] - [[Huddie William Ledbetter|Huddie William Ledbetter (Lead Belly)]], [[United States|American]] [[folk music|folk]] and [[blues]] [[musician]] (d. [[1949]])
* [[February 25]] - [[John Foster Dulles]], [[United States Secretary of State]] (d. [[1959]])
*[[February 27]] - [[Arthur Schlesinger, Sr.]] was an American historian (d.[[1965]])
* [[February 27]] - [[Lotte Lehmann]], German singer (d. [[1976]])
* [[March 1]] - [[Ewart Astill]], English cricketer (Leicestershire) (d. [[1948]])
* [[March 4]] - [[Knute Rockne]], American football player and coach (d. [[1931]])
* [[March 10]] - [[Barry Fitzgerald]], Irish actor (d. [[1966]])
* [[March 26]] - [[Elsa Brändström]], Russian nurse (d. [[1948]])
* [[March 29]] - [[James E. Casey]], Founder of the [[United Parcel Service]] (d. [[1983]])
* [[April 4]]
**[[Tris Speaker]], [[Baseball Hall of Fame]]r (d. [[1958]])
**[[Zdzisław Żygulski, Sr.]], Polish literary historian (d. [[1975]])
* [[April 6]] - [[Hans Richter (artist)|Hans Richter]], German filmmaker (d. [[1976]])
* [[April 18]] - [[Duffy Lewis]], [[Major League Baseball]] player (d. [[1979]])
* [[April 26]] - [[Anita Loos]], American writer (d. [[1981]])
* [[April 27]] - [[Florence La Badie]], Canadian actress (d. [[1917]])
* [[May 10]] - [[Karl Barth]], Protestant theologian (d. [[1968]])
** [[Max Steiner]], Austrian-American composer (d. [[1971]])
* [[May 11]] - [[Irving Berlin]], American composer (d. [[1989]])
* [[May 17]] - [[Tich Freeman]], English cricketer (d. [[1965]])
* [[May 23]] - [[Zack Wheat]], [[Baseball Hall of Fame]]r (d. [[1972]])
* [[May 25]] - [[Miles Malleson]], English actor (d. [[1969]])
* [[May 27]] - [[Louis Durey]], French composer (d. [[1979]])
* [[May 28]] - [[Jim Thorpe]], American athlete (d. [[1953]])
* [[June 3]] - [[Tom Brown (trombonist)|Tom Brown]], American jazz musician (d. [[1958]])
* [[June 6]] - [[Pete Wendling]], American composer, pianist, and piano roll recording artist (d. [[1974]])
* [[June 9]] - [[Ida Rentoul Outhwaite]], Australian illustrator (d. [[1960]])
* [[June 13]] - [[Fernando Pessoa]], Portuguese writer (d. [[1935]])
* [[June 16]] - [[Peter Stoner]], American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (d. [[1980]])
* [[June 24]] - [[Gerrit Rietveld]], Dutch architect (d. [[1964]])
* [[June 27]] - [[Antoinette Perry]], New York Stage Director, [[Tony Award]] named for her (d. [[1946]]}
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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*[[July 5]] - [[Herbert Spencer Gasser]], American physiologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1963]])
*[[July 10]] - [[Giorgio Chirico]], Italian painter (d. [[1978]])
*[[July 16]]
**[[Percy Kilbride]], American actor (d. [[1964]])
**[[Frits Zernike]], Dutch physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1966]])
*[[July 17]] - [[Shmuel Yosef Agnon]], Israeli writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1970]])
*[[July 22]]
**[[Kirk Bryan (geologist)|Kirk Bryan]], American geologist (d. [[1950]])
**[[Selman Waksman]], Ukrainian-born biochemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1973]])
*[[July 23]] - [[Raymond Chandler]], American-born novelist (d. [[1959]])
*[[August 4]] - [[Syedna Taher Saifuddin]], Bohra Spiritual Leader (d. [[1965]])
*[[August 6]] - [[Heinrich Schlusnus]], German baritone (d. [[1952]])
*[[August 13]] - [[Gleb W. Derujinsky]], Russian-American sculptor (d. [[1975]]
*[[August 14]] - [[John Logie Baird]], Scottish inventor (d. [[1946]])
*[[August 16]]
**[[Armand J. Piron]], American jazz musician (d. [[1943]])
**[[T. E. Lawrence]] ("Lawrence of Arabia") British liaison officer during the Arab Revolt, writer, and academic (d. [[1935]])
*[[August 25]] - [[Allama Mashriqi]], Pakistani scholar and politician (d. [[1963]])
*[[September 5]] - [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], [[President of India]] (d. [[1975]])
*[[September 6]] - [[Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.]], American politician (d. [[1969]])
*[[September 12]] - [[Maurice Chevalier]], French singer and actor (d. [[1972]])
*[[September 16]] - [[Frans Eemil Sillanpaa|Frans Eemil Sillanpää]], Finnish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1964]])
*[[September 26]]
**[[J. Frank Dobie]], American folklorist and journalist (d. [[1964]])
**[[T. S. Eliot]], British (American-born) writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1965]])
*[[October 6]] - [[Roland Garros (aviator)|Roland Garros]], French pilot (d. [[1918]])
*[[October 7]] - [[Henry A. Wallace]], [[Vice President of the United States]] (d. [[1965]])
*[[October 8]] - [[Ernst Kretschmer]], German psychiatrist (d. [[1964]])
*[[October 9]] - [[Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin]], Russian politician (d. [[1938]])
*[[October 16]]
**[[Eugene O'Neill]], American writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1953]])
**[[Paul Popenoe]], American eugenicist (d. [[1979]])
*[[October 25]] - [[Lester Cuneo]] American actor (d. [[1925]])
* [[November 7]] - [[Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]], Indian physicist, [[Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1980]])
* [[November 15]]
**[[Harald Sverdrup]], Norwegian scientist (d. [[1957]])
**[[José Raúl Capablanca]], [[World chess champion]] 1921-1927 (d. [[1942]])
* [[November 23]] - [[Harpo Marx]], American comedian (d. [[1964]])
* [[November 26]] - [[Francisco Canaro]], Uruguayan-born violinist and composer (d. [[1964]])
* [[November 28]] - [[Edgar Church]], American [[comic book]] collector (d. [[1978]])
* [[November 30]] - [[Ralph Hartley]], American electronics researcher and inventor (d. [[1970]])
* [[December 4]] - [[Alexander of Yugoslavia]] (d. [[1934]])
* [[December 6]] - [[Will Hay]], British actor and comedian (d. [[1949]]}
* [[December 7]] - [[Joyce Cary]], Northern Irish author (d. [[1957]])
* [[December 18]] - [[Robert Moses]], American civil engineer, public works director, and highway and bridge builder (d. 1981)
* [[December 19]] - [[Fritz Reiner]], Hungarian conductor (d. [[1963]])
* [[December 28]] - [[F.W. Murnau]], German film director (d. [[1931]])
*''date unknown'' - [[Mariano Andreu]], [[List of Spanish artists|Spanish painter]] (d. [[1976]])
: ''See also [[:Category: 1888 births]].''
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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* [[January 19]] - [[Anton de Bary]], German biologist (b. [[1831]])
* [[January 20]] - [[William Pitt Ballinger]], Texas lawyer, southern statesman (b. [[1825]])
* [[January 29]] - [[Edward Lear]], British artist and writer (b. [[1812]])
* [[January 31]] - [[John Bosco]], Italian priest, youth worker, educator and founder of the [[Salesian Society]] (b. [[1815]])
* [[February 3]] - [[Henry Maine]], British jurist (b. [[1822]])
*[[February 5]] - [[Anton Mauve]], Dutch painter (b. [[1838]])
* [[March 6]]
**[[Louisa May Alcott]], American novelist (b. [[1832]])
**[[Josif Pančić]], botanist (b. [[1814]])
* [[March 9]] - [[Wilhelm I of Germany|German Emperor Wilhelm I]] (b. [[1797]])
* [[March 12]] - [[Henry Bergh]], founder of the [[American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals]] (b. [[1811]])
*[[March 16]] - [[Hippolyte Carnot]], French statesman (b. [[1801]])
*[[March 23]] - [[Morrison Waite]], [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (b. [[1816]])
*[[March 27]] - [[Francesco Faà di Bruno]], mathematician (b. [[1825]])
*[[March 29]] - [[Charles-Valentin Alkan]], french composer and pianist (b. [[1813]]
* [[April 15]] - [[Matthew Arnold]], English poet (b. [[1822]])
*[[May 26]] - [[Ascanio Sobrero]], chemist (b. [[1812]])
* [[June 15]] - [[Friedrich III of Germany (Hohenzollern)|German Emperor Friedrich III]] (b. [[1831]])
===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
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* [[July 20]] - [[Paul Langerhans]], German pathologist and biologist (b. [[1847]])
* [[August 9]] - [[Charles Cros]], French poet (b. [[1831]])
* [[August 16]] - [[John Stith Pemberton]], Founder of Coca-Cola
*[[August 20]] - [[Henry Richard]], Welsh peace campaigner (b. [[1812]])
* [[August 23]] - [[Philip Henry Gosse]], British scientist (b. [[1810]])
* [[August 24]] - [[Rudolf Clausius]], German physicist, contributions to [[thermodynamics]] (b. [[1822]])
*[[September 24]] - [[Karl von Prantl]], philosopher (b. [[1820]])
* [[October 16]]
**[[John Wentworth (mayor)|John Wentworth]], Mayor of Chicago (b. [[1815]])
**[[Horatio Spafford]], author of hymn ''"It is well with my soul"'' (b. [[1820]])
* [[December 31]] - [[Samson Raphael Hirsch]], German rabbi (b. [[1808]])
{{commonscat}}
: ''See also [[:Category: 1888 deaths]].''
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