1888 in science 351416 225526779 2008-07-14T04:02:04Z LA2 445 iw:sv {{Year nav topic|1888|science}} The year '''1888 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below. ==Astronomy== * [[January 3]] - The 91 cm [[refracting telescope]] at [[Lick Observatory]] is first used. The [[James Lick telescope]] was the [[List of largest optical refracting telescopes|largest refractor in the world]] at the time, and the [[observatory]] was the first established at the top of a mountain. * The 76 cm refracting telescope is completed at [[Nice Observatory]]. ==Chemistry== * [[Methyl isocyanate]] is discovered. * [[Henri-Louis Le Chatelier]] states that the response of a chemical system perturbed from [[equilbrium]] will be to counteract the perturbation. ==Geography== * [[January 27]] - The [[National Geographic Society]] is founded in [[Washington, D.C.]] by [[Gardiner Greene Hubbard]]. ==Mathematics== * The [[American Mathematical Society]] is founded by [[Thomas Fiske]]. * [[Hilbert's basis theorem]] is first proved by [[David Hilbert]]. ==Medicine== * [[Emile Roux]] and [[Alexandre Yersin]] isolate [[Diphtheria|diphtheria toxin]]<ref>Reference: Waldman, Thomas A. (2003). [http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v9/n3/full/nm0303-269.html&filetype=pdf Immunotherapy: past, present and future]. ''Nature Medicine'' '''9''', 269-277.</ref> ==Meteorology== * The global atmospheric temperature returns to normal, five years after the [[1883 in science|1883]] eruption of [[Krakatoa]] (Krakatau). The volcanic dust veil, that had created spectacular atmospheric effects, also acted as a solar-[[radiation]] filter, lowering global temperatures by as much as 1.2 degrees [[Celsius]] in the year after the eruption. ==Neuroscience== * [[Giovanni Martinotti]] describes cortical cells later known as ''[[Martinotti cell]]s''. ==Physics== * [[Heinrich Rudolf Hertz]] discovers [[radio waves]]. ==Technology== * [[September 4]] - [[George Eastman]] registers the [[trademark]] ''[[Kodak]]'', and receives a [[patent]] for his [[camera]] which uses roll film. * The [[gramophone]] is patented by [[Emile Berliner]]. * [[Nikola Tesla]] [[patent]]s the [[induction motor]]. * The [[ballpoint pen]] is invented by [[John Loud]]. * [[John Boyd Dunlop]] invents the [[pneumatic tube tire]]. ==Awards== * [[Copley Medal]]: [[Thomas Henry Huxley]] * [[Wollaston Medal]] for Geology: [[Henry Medlicott]] ==Births== * [[February 17]] - [[Otto Stern]] (d. [[1969 in science|1969]]), [[physicist]], [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate in Physics]] in [[1943 in science|1943]]. * [[August 13]] - [[John Logie Baird]] (d. [[1946 in science|1946]]), [[inventor]]. * [[November 15]] - [[Harald Ulrik Sverdrup]] (d. [[1957 in science|1957]]), [[meteorologist]] and [[oceanographer]]. ==Deaths== *[[January 19]] - [[Anton de Bary]] (b. [[1831 in science|1831]]), [[surgery|surgeon]], [[botanist]], [[microbiologist]], and [[mycologist]]. *[[August 23]] - [[Philip Henry Gosse]] (b. [[1810 in science|1810]]), [[science]] writer. *[[August 24]] - [[Rudolf Clausius]] (b. [[1822 in science|1822]]), [[physicist]]. *[[September 12]] - [[Richard Anthony Proctor]] (b. [[1837 in science|1837]]), [[astronomer]]. *[[November 1]] - [[Nikolai Przhevalsky]] (b. [[1839 in science|1839]]), [[List of explorers|explorer]]. ==References== <references /> [[Category:1888|Science]] [[Category:1880s in science]] [[fr:1888 en science]] [[sv:Vetenskapsåret 1888]]