1890
34707
225238088
2008-07-12T17:00:54Z
Skoglund
609014
/* Undated */
{{year nav|1890}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1890''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXC]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]).
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== Events of 1890 ==
[[Image:Nellie Bly 2.jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[January 25]]: [[Nellie Bly]], 1890.]]
=== January - March ===
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* [[January 1]]
**The Kingdom of Italy establishes [[Eritrea]] as its colony in northeast Africa.
**In [[Michigan]], the wooden steamer ''Mackinaw'' burned in a fire on the [[Black River]].<ref name=boats90>"Full List of Thunder Bay Region Shipwrecks" (by name), MSU Sea Grant Extension,
Northeast District, [[Michigan State University]], 2000, webpage:
[http://web1.msue.msu.edu/iosco/tbfulllist.htm MSUE-TB-wrecks].</ref>
* [[January 2]]
**Steamship ''Persia'' wrecked off [[Corsica]]: 130 lives lost.<ref name=ships90>"List of shipwrecks of [[1866]]-[[1911]]" (timeline), webpage: [http://www.google.com TBD].</ref>
**Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer in the [[White House]].{{Fact|date=June 2008}}
* [[January 25]]
**[[United Mine Workers of America]] is founded.
**[[Nellie Bly]] completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days.
[[Image:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|200px|right| [[March 4]]: [[Forth Bridge (railway)|Forth Bridge]] is opened.]]
* [[February 17]] - British steamship ''Duburg'' wrecked in [[China Sea]]: 400 lives lost.<ref name=ships90/>
* [[March 1]]
**[[United Kingdom|British]] steamship ''Quetia'' foundered in Lorres Straits; 124 lives lost.<ref name=ships90/>
**[[March 1]] - [[Léon Bourgeois]] succeeds [[Ernest Constans]] as French [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]].
* [[March 4]] - The longest bridge in Britain, the [[Forth Bridge (railway)|Forth Bridge]] (1,710 ft) in Scotland, is opened.
* [[March 8]] - [[North Dakota State University]] is founded in [[Fargo, North Dakota]].
* [[March 20]] - [[Wilhelm II of Germany]] fires [[Otto von Bismarck]].
* [[March 27]] - A [[tornado]] strikes [[Louisville, Kentucky]], killing 76 people and injuring 200.
* [[March 28]] - [[Washington State University]] is founded in [[Pullman, Washington]].
=== April - June ===
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[[Image:ClevelandArcade Interior Flag.jpg|thumb|200px|right| [[May 31]]: [[Cleveland Arcade]].]]
* [[May 12]] - The first ever ''official'' [[County Championship]] [[cricket]] match begins in [[Bristol]]. [[Yorkshire]] beats [[Gloucestershire]] by eight wickets.
* [[May 31]] - The 5-story skylight [[Cleveland Arcade|Arcade]] opens in [[Cleveland, Ohio]].
* [[June 1]] - The [[United States Census Bureau]] begins using [[Herman Hollerith]]'s [[tabulating machine]] to count [[census]] returns.
* [[June 12]] - In [[Michigan]], the wooden steamer ''Ryan'' is lost near [[Thunder Bay Island]].<ref name=boats90/>
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[[Image:VanGogh 1887 Selbstbildnis.jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[July 27]]: [[Vincent van Gogh]].]]
=== July - September ===
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* [[July 2]] - The [[Sherman Anti-Trust Act]] and [[Sherman Silver Purchase Act]] become [[United States]] law.
* [[July 3]] - [[Idaho]] is admitted as the 43rd [[U.S. State]].
* [[July 10]] - [[Wyoming]] is admitted as the 44th [[U.S. State]].
* [[July 27]] - [[Vincent van Gogh]] shoots himself in the stomach and dies two days later.
* July - [[Politics of Japan]] - first [[general election]] for the [[House of Representatives of Japan]].
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* [[August 6]] - At [[Auburn Prison]] in [[New York]], [[William Kemmler]] becomes the first person to be [[execution (legal)|executed]] in the [[electric chair]].
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* [[September 19]] - [[Turkey|Turkish]] frigate ''[[Ertogrul]]'' founders off [[Japan]]: 540 lives lost.<ref name=ships90/>
=== October - December ===
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[[Image:New-Scotland-Yard-Victorian-building-Big-Ben-1890.jpg|thumb|260px|right| November: [[New Scotland Yard]] [center] opens near the [[Big Ben]] clock tower.]]
[[Image:Wounded Knee 96.jpg|thumb|190px|right| [[December 29]]: [[Wounded Knee Massacre|Wounded Knee]].]]
* [[October 8]] - First brief, partially-controlled flight of [[Clement Ader]]'s airplane "Eole" in [[Satory]], [[France]].
* [[October 11]] - In [[Washington, DC]], the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]] is founded.
* [[October 13]]
**In [[Michigan]], the [[schooner]] ''J.F. Warner'' is lost at Thunder Bay.<ref name=boats90/>
**The [[Delta Chi|Delta Chi Fraternity]] is founded by 11 law students at [[Cornell University]] in [[Ithaca, New York]].
* [[November 23]] - King [[William III of the Netherlands]] dies without a male heir, and his daughter [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Princess Wilhelmina]] becomes Queen, causing [[Luxembourg]] (who required a male heir) to declare independence.
* [[November 29]]
**The [[Meiji Constitution]] goes into effect in [[Japan]] and the first [[Diet of Japan|Diet]] convenes.
**In [[West Point, New York]], the [[United States Navy]] defeats the [[United States Army]] 24 to 0 in the first [[Army-Navy football game]].
*November - [[Scotland Yard]], headquarters of the [[Metropolitan Police Service]], moves to a building on [[London]]'s [[Victoria Embankment]], as the [[New Scotland Yard]].
* [[December 27]] - [[United Kingdom|British]] steamship ''[[Shanghai]]'' burned in [[China Sea]]: 101 lives lost.<ref name=ships90/>
* [[December 29]] - [[Wounded Knee Massacre]]: At [[Wounded Knee, South Dakota]] the [[US 7th Cavalry Regiment]] tries to disarm camp & shooting starts. 153 [[Lakota Sioux]] and 25 troops are killed; about 150 flee the scene.
===Undated===
* The [[corrugated cardboard]] box is invented by [[Robert Gair]], a [[Brooklyn]] printer who developed production of paper-board boxes in [[1879]].
[[Image:Hollerith.jpg|thumb|90px|right|[[Herman Hollerith]].]]
* U.S. Census - [[Herman Hollerith]] devises a method using [[punch cards]] (like [[Joseph-Marie Jacquard|Jacquard's]] loom) to tabulate census data by machine. (see also [[History of computing hardware]]). Hollerith's company eventually becomes [[International Business Machines|IBM]].
* Prosecution of [[Edward King (English bishop)|Edward King]], [[Anglican]] [[bishop of Lincoln]] for using [[Ritualism|ritualistic practices]] ends.
* The United States city of [[Boise, Idaho]] drills the first [[Geothermal (geology)|geothermal]] well.
* [[Brown Trout]] introduced into the upper [[Firehole River]] in [[Yellowstone National Park]].
* [[High School Cadets]] was written by [[John Phillip Sousa]].
*[[William II of Prussia]] opposes Bismarck's attempt to renew the law outlawing the [[Social Democratic party]].
* [[Blackwall Buildings]], [[Whitechapel]], in the [[East End of London]], noted [[philanthropic]] housing built.
<!--IMAGES --><gallery>
Image:Corrugated Cardboard.JPG| [[Cardboard|Corrugated]] boxes
Image:Puhagan geothermal plant.jpg| [[Geothermal power]]
</gallery>
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 23}}
===January - June===
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* [[January 1]] - [[Anton Melik]], Slovenian geographer (d. [[1966]])
* [[January 4]] - [[Victor Lustig]], Bohemian-born con artist (d. [[1947]])
* [[January 9]]
**[[Kurt Tucholsky]], German-born journalist and satirist (d. [[1935]])
**[[Karel Čapek]], Czech writer (d. [[1938]])
* [[January 11]] - [[Oswald de Andrade]], Brazilian [[Modernism|Modernist]] writer (d.[[1954]])
* [[January 19]] - [[Élise Rivet]], French Roman Catholic nun and war heroine (d. [[1945]])
* [[January 22]] - [[Fred M. Vinson]], [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (d. [[1953]])
* [[January 28]] - [[Robert Stroud]], "Birdman of Alcatraz" (d. [[1963]])
* [[February 10]] - [[Boris Pasternak]], Russian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (declined) (d. [[1960]])
* [[February 14]] - [[Nina Hamnett]], Welsh artist (d. [[1956]])
* [[February 17]] - [[Ronald Fisher]], English biologist (d. [[1962]])
* [[February 18]] - [[Adolphe Menjou]], American actor (d. [[1963]])
* [[February 24]] - [[Marjorie Main]], American actress (d. [[1975]])
* [[February 25]] - Dame [[Myra Hess]], English pianist (d. [[1965]])
* [[February 27]] - [[Freddie Keppard]], American jazz musician (d. [[1933]])
* [[March 3]] - [[Norman Bethune]], Canadian doctor and humanitarian (d. [[1939]])
* [[March 9]] - (new style) [[Vyacheslav Molotov]], [[Soviet]] politician (d. [[1986]])
* [[March 11]] - [[Vannevar Bush]], [[United States|American]] [[engineer]], [[inventor]], and politician (d. [[1974]])
* [[March 20]]
**[[Beniamino Gigli]], Italian tenor (d. [[1957]])
**[[Lauritz Melchior]], Danish-American tenor (d. [[1973]])
* [[March 28]] - [[Paul Whiteman]], American bandleader (d. [[1967]])
* [[March 31]] - [[William Lawrence Bragg]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1971]])
* [[April 6]] - [[Anthony Fokker]], Dutch aircraft manufacturer (d. [[1939]])
* [[April 7]] - [[Marjory Stoneman Douglas]], American conservationist and writer (d. [[1998]])
* [[April 11]] - [[Donna Rachele Mussolini]], Italian, wife of [[Benito Mussolini]] (died [[1979]])
* [[April 15]] - [[Percy Shaw]], Brittish Inventor (d. [[1976]])
* [[April 16]] - [[Fred Root]], English cricketer (d. [[1954]])
* [[April 20]] - [[Maurice Duplessis]], [[Premier of Québec|premier]] of [[Québec]] (d. [[1959]])
* [[May 4]] - [[Franklin Carmichael]], Canadian artist (d. [[1945]])
* [[May 10]] - [[Alfred Jodl]], German general (d. [[1946]])
* [[May 11]] - [[Woodall Rodgers]], mayor of [[Dallas, Texas]] (d. [[1961]])
* [[May 15]] - [[Katherine Anne Porter]], American author (d. [[1980]])
* [[May 19]] - [[Ho Chi Minh]], Prime minister/president of North Vietnam (d. [[1969]])
* [[May 23]] - [[Herbert Marshall]], English actor (d. [[1966]])
* [[June 6]] - [[Ted Lewis (musician)|Ted Lewis]], American jazz musician and entertainer (d. [[1971]])
* [[June 16]] - [[Stan Laurel]], British actor (d. [[1965]])
* [[June 26]] - [[Jeanne Eagels]], American actress (d. [[1929]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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* [[July 18]] - [[Frank Forde]], Australian [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] (d. [[1983]])
* [[July 22]] - [[Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy]], American [[philanthropist]] and matriarch of the [[Kennedy family]] (d. [[1995]])
* [[August 4]] - [[Erich Weinert]], German writer and political activist (d. [[1953]])
* [[August 5]] - [[Erich Kleiber]], Austrian conductor (d. [[1956]])
* [[August 10]] - [[Angus Lewis Macdonald|Angus L. Macdonald]], [[Nova Scotia]] Premier (d. [[1954]])
* [[August 15]]
**<!--August 15-->[[Jacques Ibert]], French composer (d. [[1962]])
**<!--August 15-->[[Elizabeth Bolden]], American, last verified person born in 1890 (d. [[2006]])
* [[August 18]] - [[Walther Funk]], German politician (d. [[1960]])
* [[August 20]] - [[H. P. Lovecraft]], American writer (d. [[1937]])
* [[August 24]] - [[Duke Kahanamoku]], American swimmer (d. [[1968]])
* [[September 10]] - [[Elsa Schiaparelli]], French couturiere (d. [[1973]])
* [[September 15]]
**<!--September 15-->[[Agatha Christie]], English writer (d. [[1976]])
**<!--September 15-->[[Frank Martin (composer)|Frank Martin]], Swiss composer (d. [[1974]])
* [[September 20]] - [[Jelly Roll Morton]], American jazz pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. [[1941]])
**<!--September 20--> [[Ra'hel Bluwstein]], Israeli poet (d. [[1931]])
* [[October 2]] - [[Groucho Marx]], American comedian (d. [[1977]])
* [[October 8]] - [[Eddie Rickenbacker]], American WWI fighter pilot (d. [[1973]])
* [[October 13]] - [[Conrad Richter]], American novelist and short story writer (d. [[1968]])
* [[October 14]] - [[Dwight David Eisenhower]], U.S. general and [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1969]])
* [[October 16]]
**<!--October 16-->[[Michael Collins (Irish leader)|Michael Collins]], Irish patriot (d. [[1922]])
**<!--October 16-->[[Paul Strand]], American photographer (d. [[1976]])
* [[October 17]] - [[Roy Kilner]], English cricketer (d. [[1928]])
* [[November 20]] - [[Leon Cadore]], American baseball pitcher (d. [[1968]])
* [[November 22]] - [[Charles de Gaulle]], [[President of France]] (d. [[1970]])
* [[November 23]] - [[El Lissitzky]], Russian artist and architect (d. [[1941]])
* [[December 5]] - [[David Bomberg]], English painter (d. [[1957]])
* [[December 8]] - [[Bohuslav Martinů]], Czech composer (d. [[1959]])
* [[December 11]] - [[Carlos Gardel]], Argentine [[Argentine Tango|tango]] singer (d. [[1935]])
* [[December 20]] - [[Jaroslav Heyrovský]], Czech chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1967]])
* [[December 21]] - [[Hermann Joseph Muller]], American geneticist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1967]])
* [[December 26]] - [[Uncle Charlie Osborne]], Appalachian fiddler (d. [[1992]])
* [[December 30]] - [[Lanoe Hawker]], British fighter pilot (d. [[1916]])
*''date unknown''
**[[Bechara El Khoury]], [[President of Lebanon]] (d. [[1964]])
**[[Taixu]], Chinese Buddhist activist (d. [[1947]])
{{Seealso|:Category: 1890 births}}
==Deaths==
===January - June=== <!-- DEATHS -->
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*[[January 18]] - King [[Amadeus I of Spain]] (b. [[1845]])
*[[February 22]]
**[[John Jacob Astor III]], American businessman (b. [[1822]])
**[[Carl Heinrich Bloch]], Danish painter (b. [[1834]])
*[[March 3]] - [[Innocenzo da Berzo]], Capuchin friar (b. [[1844]])
*[[March 7]] - [[Karl Rudolf Friedenthal]], Prussian statesman (b. [[1827]])
*[[March 9]] - Sir [[Mangaldas Nathubhoy]], Indian politician (b. [[1832]])
*[[April 1]] - [[David Wilber]], American politician (b. [[1820]])
*[[April 11]] - [[Joseph Carey Merrick]] (The Elephant Man), English oddity (b. [[1862]])
*[[June 24]] - [[Subba Row]], Hindu theosophist (b. [[1856]])
*[[June 30]] - [[Samuel Parkman Tuckerman]], American composer (b. [[1819]])
===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
*[[July 9]] - [[Clinton B. Fisk]], American [[philanthropist]] and [[Temperance movement|temperance]] activist (b. [[1828]])
*[[July 15]] - [[Gottfried Keller]], Swiss writer (b. [[1819]])
*[[July 29]] - [[Vincent van Gogh]], Dutch painter (b. [[1853]])
*[[August 11]] - [[John Henry Newman]], English Roman Catholic Cardinal (b. [[1801]])
*[[October 4]] - [[Catherine Booth]], the Mother of [[The Salvation Army]] (b. [[1829]])
*[[October 20]]- [[Sir Richard Francis Burton]], Explorer, Linguist, Soldier. (b. [[1820]])
*[[October 26]] - [[Carlo Collodi]], Italian writer (b. [[1826]])
*[[November 3]] - [[Ulrich Ochsenbein]], [[member of the Swiss Federal Council]] (b. [[1811]])
*[[November 8]] - [[César Franck]], Belgian composer and organist (b. [[1822]])
*[[November 11]] - [[Charles-Marie David de Mayréna]], French adventurer and self-styled "King of Sedang" (b. [[1842]])
*[[November 23]] - King [[William III of the Netherlands]] (b. [[1817]])
*[[November 24]] - [[August Belmont, Sr.]], Prussian-born financier (b. [[1816]])
*[[December 15]] - [[Sitting Bull]], Native American chief, (b. ''c.''[[1831]])
*[[December 21]] - [[Johanne Luise Heiberg]], Danish actress (b. [[1812]])
*[[December 26]] - [[Heinrich Schliemann]], German archaeologist (b. [[1822]])
*[[December 31]] - [[Pancha Carrasco]], Costa Rican war heroine (b. [[1826]])
*''date unknown'' - ''[[Comanche (horse)|Comanche]],'' horse, sole survivor of [[George Armstrong Custer|Custer]]'s cavalry at the [[Battle of Little Bighorn]].
{{commonscat}}
{{See also|:Category:1890 deaths}}
==References==
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