1891 34794 224836793 2008-07-10T17:11:41Z Skoglund 609014 /* Undated */ {{year nav|1891}} {{C19YearInTopicX}} Year '''1891''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXCI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat,Tue-Sun,Wed-Mon,Thu-Tue,Fr-We,Sa-Th,Sun-Fri --> == Events of 1891 == === January - March === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:Liliuokalani.jpg|thumb|110px|right| [[January 21]]: [[Hawaii]], Queen [[Liliuokalani of Hawaii|Lili'Uokalani]].]] * [[January 1]] - Paying of [[old age pension]]s begins in [[Germany]]. * [[January 20]] - [[Jim Hogg]] becomes the first native [[Texas|Texan]] to be governor of that state. * [[January 29]] - [[Liliuokalani of Hawaii|Liliuokalani]] proclaimed Queen of [[Hawaii]]. * [[January 31]] - The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Republicanism|republican]] [[revolution]] breaks out in the northern city of [[Porto]]. * [[February 14]] - In the [[FA Cup]] Quarter Final, a goal is deliberately stopped by handball on the [[goal line]]. An [[Indirect free kick]] is awarded, since the [[Penalty kick]] was proposed that year but not implemented. This event probably changed public opinion on the penalty kick, which was seen as 'an Irishman's motion' before. (See [[William McCrum]].) * [[February 15]] - [[Allmänna Idrottsklubben|AIK]] founded. * [[February 21]] - [[Springhill, Nova Scotia]] mining disaster. * [[March 3]] - The [[International Copyright Act]] of 1891 is passed by the [[Fifty-first United States Congress|51st Congress]] of the [[U.S.]] * [[March 9]]-[[March 12|12]] - Powerful storm off England's south coast; 14 ships sink. * [[March 14]] - In [[New Orleans]], [[lynching|lynch mob]] storms the Old Parish Prison and lynches eleven Italians arrested but found innocent for the murder of Police Chief [[David Hennessey]]. *[[March 15]] [[Jesse W. Reno]] patents the first [[escalator]] (at [[Coney Beach]]) * [[March 17]] - The British [[steamship]] SS ''Utopia'' sinks off the coast of [[Gibraltar]], killing 574. === April - June === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[April 1]] - The [[Wrigley Company]] is founded in [[Chicago]]. * [[May]] - [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] claims to be the Promised [[Messiah]](The second coming of [[Jesus]]) and the [[Mahdi]] awaited in [[Islam]]. * [[May 1]] - Nine killed and thirty wounded when troops fire on workers' [[May Day]] demonstration in support of eight-hour workday in [[Fourmies, Nord|Fourmies]], [[France]]. * [[May 5]] - The Music Hall in [[New York City|New York]] (now known as [[Carnegie Hall]]) has its grand opening and first public performance, with maestro [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] as the guest conductor. * [[May 11]] - [[Otsu Scandal]]. * [[May 15]] - [[Pope Leo XIII]] issues the encyclical "Rerum Novarum" resulting in the creation of many Christian Democrat Parties throughout Europe. * [[May 20]] - First public display of [[Thomas Alva Edison|Thomas Alva Edison's]] prototype [[kinetoscope]] (shown at Edison's Laboratory for a convention of the National Federation of Women's Clubs). * [[June 16]] - [[John Joseph Caldwell Abbott|John Abbott]] becomes [[Canada]]'s third [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]]. * [[June 21]] - First long-distance transmission of [[alternating current]] by the Ames power plant near [[Telluride, Colorado]] by Lucien and Paul Nunn. [[Image:Kinetoscope.jpg|thumb|110px|right| [[May 20]]: [[Thomas Alva Edison|Edison's]] [[kinetoscope]].]] ===July - September=== [[Image:Tchaikovsky.jpg|thumb|110px|right| [[May 5]]: [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]] opens "[[Carnegie Hall|Carnegie]]"]] * [[August 27]] - [[France]] and [[Russia]] conclude defensive alliance. *[[September 14]] - The first [[penalty kick]] is awarded in a [[association football|football]] (soccer) match: John Heath scores it for [[Wolverhampton Wanderers]]. * [[September 28]] - The [[C.A. Peñarol]] is founded in Montevideo under the name of [[CURCC]] (Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club) ===October - December=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[October 1]] - In [[California]], [[Stanford University]] opens its doors. * [[October 27]] - An 8.0 [[earthquake]] strikes the village of Utsuzumi in rural [[Gifu Prefecture|Gifu]], [[Japan]], killing over 7,000 across the region and creating a 3-meter-tall surface fault that is still visible. [[Image:Stanford University Quad Memorial Church.JPG|thumb|110px|right| [[October 1]] [[Stanford University]] opens its doors.]] === Undated === *Building of The [[Trans-Siberian Railroad]] begins (ends 1917). *The Brahmin teacher and nationalist, [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], begins agitation for [[Home Rule Movement|Indian home Rule]]. *Civil War occurs in [[Chile]]. *Maria Skłodowska (later [[Marie Curie]]) enters [[Sorbonne University]]. *[[New Scotland Yard]] becomes the HQ of [[London Metropolitan Police]]. *[[Swiss Army Knife]] is developed. *[[Eugène Dubois]] makes the first discovery of [[Homo erectus]] fossils in Dutch colony of [[Java (island)|Java]]. *[[Winter]] - [[James Naismith]] invents [[basketball]]. *The [[Tobacco Protest]] occurs in [[Iran]]. *Oba [[Ovonramwen]] seizes the throne of [[Benin]]. *[[Auckland University Students' Association]] is founded. *[[Seattle University]] is established. *[[Australian Labor Party]] is founded. *[[Nikola Tesla]] invents the [[Tesla coil]]. *15.6 million people live in cities of 20,000 or more in [[England]] and [[Wales]]. Cities of 20,000 or more account for 54% of the total English population. ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 24}} ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 1]] - [[Charles Bickford]], American actor (d. [[1967]]) * [[January 7]] - [[Zora Neale Hurston]], Harlem Renaissance writer (d. [[1960]]) * [[January 8]] - [[Walther Bothe]], German physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (d. [[1957]]) * [[January 22]] - [[Antonio Gramsci]], Italian Communist writer and politician (d. [[1937]]) * [[January 27]] - [[Ilya Ehrenburg]], Russian writer (d. [[1967]]) * [[February 9]] - [[Ronald Colman]], English actor (d. [[1958]]) * [[February 11]] - [[Jack Hearne (John William Hearne)|J.W. Hearne]], English cricketer (d. [[1965]]) * [[February 21]] - [[Sean Heuston]], Irish rebel (d. [[1916]]) * [[February 27]] - [[David Sarnoff]], Russian-born broadcasting pioneer (d. [[1971]]) * [[March 10]] - [[Sam Jaffe (actor)|Sam Jaffe]], American actor (d. [[1984]]) * [[March 19]] - [[Earl Warren]], [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (d. [[1974]]) * [[March 29]] - [[Yvan Goll]], French lyricist and dramatist (d. [[1950]]) * [[April 2]] - [[Max Ernst]], German painter (d. [[1976]]) * [[April 7]] - [[Ole Kirk Christiansen]], Founder of the Lego group (d. [[1958]]) * [[April 13]] - [[Nella Larsen]], American novelist (d. [[1964]]) * [[April 15]] - [[Wallace Reid]], American actor (d. [[1923]]) * [[April 17]] - [[George Adamski]], Polish-born UFO traveler (d. [[1965]]) * [[April 23]] - [[Sergei Prokofiev]], Soviet composer (d. [[1953]]) * [[May 7]] - [[Harry McShane]], Scottish socialist (d. [[1988]]) * [[May 15]] **[[Mikhail Bulgakov]], Russian writer (d. [[1940]]) **[[Fritz Feigl]], Austrian-born chemist (d. [[1971]]) * [[May 16]] - [[Richard Tauber]], Austrian tenor (d. [[1948]]) * [[May 18]] - [[Rudolf Carnap]], German philosopher (d. [[1970]]) * [[May 19]] - [[Oswald Boelcke]], German World War I pilot (d. [[1916]]) * [[May 22]] - [[Eddie Edwards]], American jazz trombonist (d. [[1963]]) * [[May 23]] - [[Pär Lagerkvist]], Swedish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1974]]) * [[May 24]] - [[William F. Albright]], American archeologist and Biblical scholar (d. [[1971]]) * [[June 9]] - [[Cole Porter]], American composer and songwriter (d. [[1964]]) * [[June 20]] - [[John A. Costello]], second [[President of Ireland]] (d. [[1976]]) * [[June 21]] - [[Hermann Scherchen]], German conductor (d. [[1966]]) * [[June 30]] - [[Man Mountain Dean]], American professional wrestler (d. [[1953]]) === July - December === <!-- BIRTHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 5]] - [[John Howard Northrop]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1987]]) * [[August 2]] - [[Viktor Maksimovich Zhirmunsky]], Russian literary historian, linguist (d. [[1971]]) * [[August 21]] - [[Emiliano Mercado del Toro]], Puerto Rican, longest-lived war veteran ever and last verified person born in 1891 (d. [[2007]]) * [[September 3]] - [[Bessie Delany]], African American physician and author (d. [[1995]]) * [[September 12]] - [[Pedro Albizu Campos]], advocate of Puerto Rican independence (d. [[1965]]) * [[September 14]] - [[William F. Friedman]], American cryptographer (d. [[1969]]) * [[September 16]] **<!--September 16-->[[Karl Dönitz]], [[President of Germany]] (d. [[1980]]) **<!--September 16-->[[Stephanie von Hohenlohe]], Austrian-born German World War II spy (d. [[1972]]) **<!--September 16-->[[Julie Winnefred Bertrand]], Canadian supercentenarian (d. [[2007]]) * [[September 26]] - [[Charles Munch]], French conductor and violinist (d. [[1968]]) * [[September 28]] - [[Myrtle Gonzalez]], American film and stage actress (d. [[1918]]) * [[October 12]] - [[Fumimaro Konoe]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1945]]) * [[October 20]] - [[James Chadwick]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1974]]) * [[October 24]] - [[Rafael Leónidas Trujillo]], dictator of the Dominican Republic (d. [[1961]]) * [[November 14]] - [[Frederick Banting]], Canadian physician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1941]]) * [[November 15]] **<!--November 15-->[[Vincent Astor]], American philanthropist (d. [[1959]]) **<!--November 15-->[[Erwin Rommel]], German field marshal (d. [[1944]]) * [[November 28]] - [[Gregorio Perfecto]], Filipino jurist & politician (d. [[1949]]) * [[December 9]] - [[Maksim Bahdanovič]], Belarusian poet (d. [[1917]]) * [[December 10]] - [[Nelly Sachs]], German writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1970]]) * [[December 26]] - [[Henry Miller]], American writer (d. [[1980]]) == Deaths == === January - June === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 5]] - [[Emma Abbott]], American opera singer (b. [[1849]]) * [[January 16]] - [[Léo Delibes]], French composer (b. [[1836]]) * [[January 21]] - [[Calixa Lavallée]], Canadian composer (b. [[1842]]) * [[February 14]] - [[William Tecumseh Sherman]], American Civil War General (b. [[1820]]) * [[February 15]] - [[roy rene was born]], greateast commedean ever [[March 15]] **<!--March 15-->[[Théodore de Banville]], French writer (b. [[1823]]) **<!--March 15-->[[Joseph Bazalgette|Sir Joseph Bazalgette]], English civil engineer (b. [[1819]]) * [[March 29]] - [[Georges Seurat]], French painter (b. [[1859]]) *[[April 2]] - [[Ahmed Vefik Pasha]], Turkish statesman (b. [[1823]]) * [[April 7]] - [[Phineas Taylor Barnum|P. T. Barnum]], American showman (b. [[1810]]) * [[April 24]] - [[Helmuth von Moltke the Elder]], Prussian field marshal (b. [[1800]]) * [[April 25]] - [[Nathaniel Woodard]], educationalist (b. [[1811]]) * [[May 8]] - [[Helena Petrovna Blavatsky]], Russian-born author and theosophist (b. [[1831]]) === July - December === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 4]] - [[Hannibal Hamlin]], [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. [[1809]]) * [[August 12]] - [[James Russell Lowell]], American poet and essayist (b. [[1819]]) * [[August 14]] - [[Sarah Childress Polk]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (b. [[1803]]) *[[August 29]] - [[Pierre Lallement]], French inventor of the [[bicycle]] (b. [[1843]]?) * [[September 7]] - [[Lorenzo Sawyer]], 9th Chief Justice of the [[Supreme Court of California]] (b. [[1820]]) * [[September 11]] - [[Antero de Quental]], Portuguese poet (b. [[1842]]) * [[September 15]] - [[Ivan Goncharov]], Russian author (b. [[1812]]) * [[September 28]] - [[Herman Melville]], American novelist (b. [[1819]]) * [[October 6]] **[[Charles I of Württemberg]] (b. [[1823]]) **[[Charles Stewart Parnell]], Irish nationalist leader (b. [[1846]]) * [[October 15]] - [[Gilbert Arthur a Beckett]], English writer (b. [[1837]]) *[[October 23]] - [[Ambrosius of Optina]], Russian Orthodox saint (b. [[1812]]) * [[November 6]] - [[J. Gregory Smith]], Vermont governor (b. [[1818]]) * [[November 10]] - [[Arthur Rimbaud]], French poet (b. [[1854]]) * [[December 5]] - [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]], Brazilian deposed emperor (b. [[1826]]) {{commonscat}} [[Category:1891| ]] [[af:1891]] [[am:1891 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1891]] [[an:1891]] [[ast:1891]] [[gn:1891]] [[az:1891]] [[bn:১৮৯১]] [[map-bms:1891]] [[be:1891]] [[be-x-old:1891]] [[bh:१८९१]] [[bs:1891]] [[br:1891]] [[bg:1891]] [[ca:1891]] [[cv:1891]] [[cs:1891]] [[co:1891]] [[cy:1891]] [[da:1891]] [[de:1891]] [[et:1891]] [[el:1891]] [[es:1891]] [[eo:1891]] [[eu:1891]] [[fa:۱۸۹۱ (میلادی)]] [[fo:1891]] [[hif:1891]] [[fr:1891]] [[fy:1891]] [[ga:1891]] [[gd:1891]] [[gl:1891]] [[ko:1891년]] [[hy:1891]] [[hi:1891]] [[hr:1891.]] [[io:1891]] [[ilo:1891]] [[bpy:মারি ১৮৯১]] [[id:1891]] [[ia:1891]] [[os:1891]] [[is:1891]] [[it:1891]] [[he:1891]] [[jv:1891]] [[kn:೧೮೯೧]] [[ka:1891]] [[csb:1891]] [[sw:1891]] [[ht:1891 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[la:1891]] [[lb:1891]] [[lt:1891 m.]] [[lij:1891]] [[hu:1891]] [[mk:1891]] [[mi:1891]] [[mr:इ.स. १८९१]] [[ms:1891]] [[nah:1891]] [[nl:1891]] [[new:ई सं १८९१]] [[ja:1891年]] [[nap:1891]] [[no:1891]] [[nn:1891]] [[nrm:1891]] [[nov:1891]] [[oc:1891]] [[uz:1891]] [[pi:१८९१]] [[nds:1891]] [[pl:1891]] [[pt:1891]] [[ksh:Joohr 1891]] [[ro:1891]] [[ru:1891 год]] [[se:1891]] [[sq:1891]] [[scn:1891]] [[simple:1891]] [[sk:1891]] [[sl:1891]] [[sr:1891]] [[sh:1891]] [[su:1891]] [[fi:1891]] [[sv:1891]] [[tl:1891]] [[ta:1891]] [[tt:1891]] [[te:1891]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2434]] [[tr:1891]] [[uk:1891]] [[vec:1891]] [[wa:1891]] [[vls:1891]] [[zh-yue:1891年]] [[cbk-zam:1891]] [[bat-smg:1891]] [[zh:1891年]]