1895 34679 225877267 2008-07-15T20:39:53Z Mufka 2742610 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/70.187.147.121|70.187.147.121]] ([[User talk:70.187.147.121|talk]]) to last version by Zorrobot {{year nav|1895}} {{C19YearInTopicX}} Year '''1895''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXCV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] (link will display full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the 12-day-slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat, Tue-Sun, Wed-Mon, Thu-Tue, Fr-We, Sa-Th, Sun-Fri --> ==Events of 1895== ===January - March=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:Degradation alfred dreyfus.jpg|thumb|150px|right| [[January 5]]: [[Dreyfus Affair]].]] [[Image:Shunpanrou interior.jpg|thumb|150px|right| [[April 17]]: [[Treaty of Shimonoseki|Shimonoseki treaty]]: [[Qing Dynasty|Qing China]] renounces claim on [[Korea]].]] [[Image:Flag of Formosa 1895.svg|thumb|150px|right| [[May 24]]: [[Republic of Formosa]].]] * [[January 5]] - [[Dreyfus Affair]]: [[France|French]] officer [[Alfred Dreyfus]] is stripped of his army rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on [[Devil's Island]]. * [[January 21]] - [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|The National Trust]] is founded in Britain by [[Octavia Hill]], [[Robert Hunter (environmentalist)|Robert Hunter]] and [[Hardwicke Rawnsley|Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley]]. * [[February 9]] - Mintonette, which would come to be known as [[Volleyball]], is created by [[William G. Morgan]] at [[Holyoke, Massachusetts]]. * [[February 11]] - The lowest ever [[United Kingdom|UK]] temperature of -27.2°C (measured as -17°F) was recorded at [[Braemar]] in [[Aberdeenshire (traditional)|Aberdeenshire]]. This record was equalled in [[1982#January|1982]] and again in [[1995#December|1995]]. * [[February 14]] - First showing of [[Oscar Wilde]]'s last play [[The Importance of Being Earnest]] (St. James' Theatre in [[London]]). * [[March 1]] - [[William L. Wilson]] is appointed [[United States Postmaster General]]. * [[March 3]] - In [[Munich]], [[bicycle|bicyclists]] have to pass a test and display [[license plate]]s. *[[March 4]] - Japanese troops capture [[Liaoyang]] and land in [[Taiwan]]. ===April - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[April 6]] - [[Oscar Wilde]] is arrested after losing a [[libel]] case against the [[John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry|Marquess of Queensberry]]. * [[April 14]] - A major [[earthquake]] severely damages [[Ljubljana]], [[Slovenia]]. * [[April 16]] - The town of [[Sturgeon Falls, Ontario]], is incorporated. * [[April 17]] - The [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] (also known as Treaty of Maguan) is signed between [[China]] and [[Japan]]. This marks the end of the first [[Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)|Sino-Japanese War]], and the defeated [[Qing Empire]] is forced to renounce its claims on [[Korea]] and to concede the southern portion of the [[Fengtien]] [[Political divisions of China|province]], [[Taiwan]], and the [[Pescadores Islands]] to [[Japan]]. * [[April 22]] - [[Gongche Shangshu movement]] - 603 candidates signed a ten-thousand-word petition against the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]]. <!--MAY--> * [[May 2]] - [[Gongche Shangshu movement]] - Thousands of Beijing scholars and citizens protested against [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]]. * [[May 24]] - Anti-Japanese officials led by [[Tang Ching-sung]] in [[Taiwan]] declare independence from the [[Qing Dynasty]], forming the short-lived [[Republic of Formosa]]. * [[May 25]] - [[Oscar Wilde]] is convicted of "[[sodomy]] and gross indecency" and is sentenced to serve two years in Reading (HM Prison)|prison]] at [[The Ballad of Reading Gaol|Reading]]. * [[May 27]] - The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] decides ''[[In re Debs]]'', ruling that the federal government had the right to regulate interstate commerce, legalizing the military suppression of the [[Pullman Strike]]. <!--JUNE--> * [[June 28]] - Union of [[Nicaragua]], [[Honduras]] and [[El Salvador]] begins (ends in [[1898]]). ===July - September=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:CosmopolitanMagazineOctober1895.jpg|thumb|150px|right|October 1895 issue: ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|The Cosmopolitan]]'', illustrated.]] [[Image:Train wreck at Montparnasse 1895.jpg|thumb|150px|right| [[October 22]]: [[Montparnasse]].]] * Night of [[July 10]]/[[July 11|11]] - [[Doukhobor]]s' Pacifist protests culminate in the "Burning of the Arms" in their villages in [[South Caucasus]]. * [[July 15]] - [[Archie MacLaren]] scores [[County Championship]] [[cricket]] record innings of 424 for Lancashire against Somerset at Taunton. <!--AUGUST--> * [[August 19]] - [[American frontier]] murderer and outlaw [[John Wesley Hardin]] is killed by an off-duty policeman in a [[bar (establishment)|saloon]] in [[El Paso, Texas]]. * [[August 29]] - The sport of [[rugby league]] is formed at a meeting in the George Hotel, [[Huddersfield]], [[England]]. <!--SEPTEMBER--> * [[September 3]] - The first professional [[American football]] game is played, in [[Latrobe, Pennsylvania]], between the Latrobe [[YMCA]] and the Jeannette Athletic Club. (Latrobe wins 12-0). * [[September 18]] - [[Booker T. Washington]] delivers the Atlanta Compromise Speech. ===October - December=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * October - [[Rudyard Kipling]] publishes the story "[[Mowgli]] Leaves the Jungle Forever" in ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|The Cosmopolitan]]'' illustrated magazine (price 10 cents). * [[October 1]] - French troops capture [[Antananarivo]] in [[Madagascar]]. * [[October 22]] - Train wreck at [[Montparnasse]] Station in [[Paris]]. * [[October 31]] - Major [[earthquake]] occurs in the [[New Madrid Seismic Zone]], the last to date. <!--NOVEMBER--> * [[November 5]] - [[George B. Selden]] is granted the first U.S. [[patent]] for an [[automobile]]. * [[November 8]] - [[Wilhelm Röntgen]] discovers a type of [[electromagnetic radiation|radiation]] later known as [[X-ray]]s. *[[November 25]] - [[Oscar Hammerstein]] opens the Olympia Theatre, the first theatre to be built in [[New York City|NYC]]'s [[Times Square]] district. * [[November 27]] - At the Swedish-Norwegian Club in [[Paris]], [[Alfred Nobel]] signs his [[last will and testament]], setting aside his estate to establish the [[Nobel Prize]] after his death. <!--DECEMBER--> * December - 3,000 [[Armenians]] are burned alive in [[Urfa]] by the Ottoman troops. *[[December 7]] - A corps of 2,500 Italian troops, mostly [[Ascari]], are crushed by 30,000 Abyssian troops at [[Amba Alagi]]. * [[December 24]] - [[George Washington Vanderbilt II]] officially opens "[[Biltmore House]]" estate on Christmas Eve inviting his family to celebrate his new home in [[Asheville]], NC. * [[December 28]] - [[Auguste Lumière|Auguste]] and [[Louis Lumière]] display their first moving picture film in Paris. ===Undated=== * The [[London School of Economics|London School of Economics and Political Science]] is founded in [[London]], [[England]]. * [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]] proposes a [[space elevator]]. * [[Grace Chisholm Young]] becomes the first woman awarded a doctorate at a German university. * [[W.E.B. Du Bois]] becomes the first [[African American]] to receive a Ph.D. from [[Harvard University]]. * [[Duck Reach Power Station, Tasmania]], opens. * The first [[Boxer (dog)]] show is held at [[Munich]], [[Germany]]. * Huge crowd at the [[Welsh National|Welsh Grand National]] at [[Ely Racecourse]], [[Cardiff]], almost overwhelms police trying to keep out gatecrashers. * The gold reserve of the [[U.S. Treasury]] is saved when [[J. P. Morgan]] and the [[Rothschilds]] loan $65 million worth of gold to the [[United States government]]. * Completion of the [[Biltmore Estate]] near [[Asheville, North Carolina]]. * [[Swarovski]] company opens. * [[Coup]] in [[Guayaquil]] starts 20 years of ultra-liberist government in [[Ecuador]].{{Fact|date=June 2008}} *Foundation of: **[[Dundela FC]] ([[Belfast]], [[Ireland]]) **[[Shelbourne F.C.]] ([[Dublin]], Ireland) ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 28}} ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 1]] **[[J. Edgar Hoover]], American Federal Bureau of Investigation director (d. [[1972]]) *[[January 15]] - [[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen]], Finnish chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1973]]) * [[January 21]] - [[Cristobal Balenciaga]], Spanish-French couturier (d. [[1972]]) * [[January 23]] - [[Raymond Griffith]], American actor (d. [[1957]]) * [[January 24]] - [[Eugen Roth]], German writer (d. [[1976]]) * [[January 30]] - [[Wilhelm Gustloff]], German-born Swiss Nazi party leader (d. [[1936]]) * [[February 1]] - [[John Ford]], American film director (d. [[1973]]) * [[February 2]] - [[George Halas]], American football player, coach, and co-founder of the National Football League (d. [[1983]]) * [[February 6]] - [[Babe Ruth]], American baseball player (d. [[1948]]) * [[February 14]] - [[Max Horkheimer]], German philosopher and sociologist (d. [[1973]]) * [[February 15]] - [[Earl Thomson]], Canadian athlete (d. [[1971]]) * [[February 21]] - [[Carl Peter Henrik Dam]], Danish biochemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1976]]) * [[February 25]] - [[Lew Andreas]], American basketball coach (d. [[1984]]) * [[March 3]] **[[Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch]], Norwegian economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1973]]) **[[Matthew Ridgway]], Commander of NATO, United States Army Chief of Staff (d. [[1993]]) * [[March 4]] **[[Shemp Howard]], American actor and comedian (d. [[1955]]) **[[Milt Gross]], American comic book illustrator and animator (d. [[1953]]) * [[March 12]] - [[William C. Lee]], U.S. general (d. [[1948]]) * [[March 20]] - [[Robert Benoist]], French race car driver and war hero (d. [[1944]]) * [[March 23]] - [[Encarnacion Alzona]], Filipino historian (d. [[2001]]) * [[March 28]] - [[Spencer W. Kimball]], president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. [[1985]]) * [[March 29]] - [[Ernst Jünger]], German author (d. [[1998]]) * [[April 1]] - [[Alberta Hunter]], American singer (d. [[1984]]) * [[April 3]] - [[Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco]], Italian composer (d. [[1968]]) * [[April 9]] - [[Mance Lipscomb]], American singer (d. [[1976]]) *[[April 15]] **<!--April 15-->[[Corrado Alvaro]], Italian writer a journalist (d. [[1968]]) **<!--April 15-->[[Clark McConachy]], New Zealand snooker and billiards player (d. [[1980]]) * [[April 20]] - [[Emile Christian]], American musician (d. [[1973]]) * [[April 29]] - [[Malcolm Sargent]], English conductor (d. [[1967]]) * [[May 6]] - [[Rudolph Valentino]], Italian actor (d. [[1926]]) * [[May 8]] - [[Fulton J. Sheen]], American Catholic archbishop and television personality (d. [[1979]]) * [[May 25]] - [[Dorothea Lange]], American documentary photographer and photojournalist (d. [[1965]]) * [[June 24]] - [[Jack Dempsey]], American heavyweight boxer (d .[[1983]]) ===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[July 2]] - [[Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi]], Russian aircraft engineer (d. [[1975]]) * [[July 8]] - [[Igor Tamm]], Russian physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1971]]) * [[July 10]] - [[Carl Orff]], German composer (d. [[1982]]) * [[July 12]] **<!--July 12-->[[Kirstin Flagstad]], Norwegian soprano (d. [[1982]]) **<!--July 12-->[[Buckminster Fuller]], American architect (d. [[1983]]) * [[July 14]] - [[F.R. Leavis]], British literary critic (d. [[1978]]) * [[July 19]] - [[Xu Beihong]], Chinese painter (d. [[1953]]) * [[July 24]] - [[Robert Graves]], English writer (d. [[1985]]) * [[July 25]] - [[Yvonne Printemps]], French singer and actress (d. [[1977]]) * [[July 26]] - [[Gracie Allen]], American actress and comedian (d. [[1964]]) * [[August 16]] - [[Liane Haid]], Austrian actress (d. [[2000]]) * [[August 18]] - [[Sibyl Morrison]], Australian barrister (d. [[1961]]) *[[August 24]] - [[Tuanku Abdul Rahman]], King of Malaysia (d. [[1960]]) * [[September 1]] - [[Chembai]], Indian Carnatic musician (d. [[1974]]) * [[September 7]] - Sir [[Brian Horrocks]], British general (d. [[1985]]) * [[September 11]] - [[Vinoba Bhave]], Indian religious leader (d. [[1982]]) * [[September 24]] - [[André Frédéric Cournand]], French-born physician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1988]]) * [[September 29]] - [[Joseph Banks Rhine]], American parapsychologist (d. [[1980]]) *[[October 3]] **<!--October 3-->[[Giovanni Comisso]], Italian writer (d. [[1969]]) **<!--October 3-->[[Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin]], Russian lyric poet (d. [[1925]]) * [[October 4]] - [[Buster Keaton]], American actor and film director (d. [[1966]]) * [[October 6]] - [[Caroline Gordon]], American writer and critic (d. [[1981]]) * [[October 8]] - [[Juan Domingo Perón]], President of Argentina (d. [[1974]]) **King [[Zog of Albania]] (d. [[1961]]) * [[October 13]] **<!--October 13-->[[Cemal Gürsel]], Turkish army officer and President (d. [[1966]]) **<!--October 13-->[[Mike Gazella]], American baseball player (d. [[1978]]) * [[October 14]] - [[Silas Simmons]], Pre-Negro League Baseball Player, longest-lived professional Baseball player (d.[[2006]]) * [[October 19]] - [[Lewis Mumford]], American historian (d. [[1990]]) * [[October 21]] - [[Edna Purviance]], American actress (d. [[1958]]) * [[October 22]] - [[Rolf Nevanlinna]], Finnish mathematician (d. [[1980]]) * [[October 25]] - [[Levi Eshkol]], Israeli Prime Minister (d. [[1969]]) * [[October 30]] **<!--October 30-->[[Gerhard Domagk]], German bacteriologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (declined) (d. [[1964]]) **<!--October 30-->[[Dickinson W. Richards]], American physician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1973]]) * [[October 31]] - [[Basil Liddell Hart]], British military historian (d. [[1970]]) *[[November 5]] - [[Walter Gieseking]], German pianist (d. [[1956]]) *[[November 10]] - [[John Knudsen Northrop]], American airplane manufacturer (d. [[1981]]) *[[November 14]] - [[Walter Freeman]], American physician (d. [[1972]]) *[[November 15]] **[[Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia]], (d.[[1918]]) **[[Antoni Slonimski|Antoni Słonimski]], Polish poet and writer (d. [[1976]]) *[[November 16]] - [[Paul Hindemith]], German composer (d. [[1963]]) *[[November 17]] - [[Mikhail Bakhtin]], Russian philosopher and literary scholar (d. [[1975]]) *[[November 25]] **[[Wilhelm Kempff]], German pianist (d. [[1991]]) **[[Helen Hooven Santmyer]], American writer (d. [[1986]]) *[[November 29]] - [[Busby Berkeley]], American film director and choreographer (d. [[1976]]) *[[December 2]] - [[Harriet Cohen]], English pianist (d. [[1967]]) *[[December 14]] **[[Paul Eluard]], French poet (d. [[1952]]) **King [[George VI of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1952]]) ==Deaths== ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 9]] - [[Aaron Lufkin Dennison]], American watchmaker (b. [[1812]]) * [[January 10]] - [[Benjamin Godard]], French composer (b. [[1849]]) * [[January 24]] - [[Lord Randolph Churchill]], British statesman (b. [[1849]]) * [[February 2]] - [[Archduke Albert (1817-1895)|Archduke Albert]], Austrian general (b. [[1817]]) * [[February 20]] - [[Frederick Douglass]], American ex-slave and author (b. [[1818]]) *[[February 25]] - [[Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare]], politician (b. [[1815]]) *[[February 26]] - [[Salvador de Itúrbide y de Marzán]], Prince of Mexico (b. [[1849]]) * [[March 2]] - [[Berthe Morisot]], French painter (b. [[1841]]) * [[March 10]] - [[Charles Frederick Worth]], English-born couturier (b. [[1826]]) *[[April 4]] - [[Nikolai Baranov]], Russian politician (b.[[1843]]) * [[May 19]] - [[José Martí]], Cuban independence leader (b. [[1853]]) * [[May 21]] - [[Franz von Suppé]], Austrian composer (b. [[1819]]) *[[May 26]] - [[Ahmet Cevdet Pasha]], Ottoman statesman (b. [[1822]]) *[[June 6]] - [[Gustaf Nordenskiöld]], Swedish explorer (b. [[1868]]) *[[June 29]] **<!--June 29-->[[Thomas Henry Huxley]], English biologist (b. [[1825]]) **<!--June 29-->[[Green Clay Smith]], American politician (b. [[1826]]). **<!--June 29-->[[Floriano Vieira Peixoto]], 2nd president of [[Brazil]] (b. [[1839]]) ===July - December=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 28]] - [[Edward Beecher]], American theologian (b. [[1803]]) * [[August 4]] - [[Louis-Antoine Dessaulles]], Quebec journalist and politician (b. [[1818]]) * [[August 5]] - [[Friedrich Engels]], German socialist philosopher (b. [[1820]]) * [[August 22]] - [[Luzon B. Morris]], American politician (b. [[1827]]) * [[September 28]] - [[Louis Pasteur]], French microbiologist and chemist (b. [[1822]]) * [[October 8]] - [[Empress Myeongseong of Korea|Empress Myeongseong]] (Queen Min), last Korean empress (b. [[1851]]) * [[October 25]] - [[Charles Hallé]], German-born pianist and conductor (b. [[1819]]) *[[November 5]] - [[Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa]] of Japan (b. [[1847]]) *[[November 23]] - [[Mauritz de Haas]], marine painter (b. [[1832]]) * [[November 27]] - [[Alexandre Dumas, fils]], French author and playwright (b. [[1824]]) * [[December 13]] - [[Anyos Jedlik]], Hungarian physicist, inventor of the Dynamo (b. [[1800]]) {{commonscat}} [[Category:1895| ]] [[af:1895]] [[am:1895 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1895]] [[an:1895]] [[ast:1895]] [[az:1895]] [[bn:১৮৯৫]] [[map-bms:1895]] [[be:1895]] [[be-x-old:1895]] [[bh:१८९५]] [[bs:1895]] [[br:1895]] [[bg:1895]] [[ca:1895]] [[cv:1895]] [[cs:1895]] [[co:1895]] [[cy:1895]] [[da:1895]] [[de:1895]] [[et:1895]] [[el:1895]] [[es:1895]] [[eo:1895]] [[eu:1895]] [[fa:۱۸۹۵ (میلادی)]] [[fo:1895]] [[hif:1895]] [[fr:1895]] [[fy:1895]] [[fur:1895]] [[ga:1895]] [[gv:1895]] [[gd:1895]] [[gl:1895]] [[ko:1895년]] [[hy:1895]] [[hi:1895]] [[hr:1895.]] [[io:1895]] [[ilo:1895]] [[bpy:মারি ১৮৯৫]] [[id:1895]] [[ia:1895]] [[os:1895]] [[is:1895]] [[it:1895]] [[he:1895]] [[jv:1895]] [[ka:1895]] [[csb:1895]] [[sw:1895]] [[ht:1895 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[ku:1895]] [[la:1895]] [[lb:1895]] [[lt:1895 m.]] [[lij:1895]] [[hu:1895]] [[mk:1895]] [[mi:1895]] [[mr:इ.स. १८९५]] [[ms:1895]] [[nah:1895]] [[nl:1895]] [[new:ई सं १८९५]] [[ja:1895年]] [[nap:1895]] [[no:1895]] [[nn:1895]] [[nrm:1895]] [[nov:1895]] [[oc:1895]] [[uz:1895]] [[pi:१८९५]] [[nds:1895]] [[pl:1895]] [[pt:1895]] [[ksh:Joohr 1895]] [[ro:1895]] [[ru:1895 год]] [[se:1895]] [[sq:1895]] [[scn:1895]] [[simple:1895]] [[sk:1895]] [[sl:1895]] [[sr:1895]] [[sh:1895]] [[su:1895]] [[fi:1895]] [[sv:1895]] [[tl:1895]] [[ta:1895]] [[tt:1895]] [[te:1895]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2438]] [[vi:1895]] [[tr:1895]] [[uk:1895]] [[vec:1895]] [[wa:1895]] [[vls:1895]] [[zh-yue:1895年]] [[cbk-zam:1895]] [[bat-smg:1895]] [[zh:1895年]]