1896
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{{year nav|1896}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1896''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXCVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (or a [[leap year starting on Monday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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== Events of 1896 ==
===January - March===
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[[Image:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845--1923).jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[January 5]]: [[Wilhelm Röntgen|Roentgen]] [[X-ray|rays]].]]
[[Image:Roentgen-x-ray-von-kollikers-hand.jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[Wilhelm Röntgen|Roentgen]] [[X-ray]] ([[23 January|23 Jan.]] 1896).]]
* [[January 4]] - [[Utah]] is admitted as the 45th [[U.S. state]].
* [[January 5]] - An [[Austria]]n newspaper reports that [[Wilhelm Röntgen]] discovered a type of [[electromagnetic radiation|radiation]] later known as [[X-ray]]s.
* [[January 12]] - H.L. Smith takes the first [[X-ray]] photograph.
* [[January 18]] - The [[X-ray]] machine is exhibited for the first time.
* [[February 1]]
**The [[opera]] ''[[La bohème]]'' premieres ([[Turin]]).
**Walter Arnold, of [[Kent]], [[England]], is fined for [[speeding]] in excess of the contemporary [[speed limit]] of 2 mph.
* [[February 11]] - [[Oscar Wilde]]'s play ''Salomé'' premieres in [[Paris]].
* [[March 1]] - With the [[Battle of Adowa]], [[Ethiopia]] defends its independence from [[Italy]].
* [[9 March]] - Responding to national outrage at the defeat at Adowa, Italian Prime Minister [[Francesco Crispi]] resigns.
* [[March 23]] - The [[New York State Legislature]] passes the [[Raines Law]], restricting Sunday alcoholic beverage sales to hotels
===April - June===
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* [[April 3]] - First edition of [[Italy|Italian]] sports [[newspaper]] ''[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]'' is published.
* [[April 6]] - Opening ceremonies of the [[1896 Summer Olympics]], the first modern [[Olympic Games]].
* [[April 9]] - The official chartering of The National Farm School which later became [[Delaware Valley College]] in Doylestown, PA.
* [[May 8]] - Cricket: Against [[Warwickshire]], [[Yorkshire, England|Yorkshire]] sets a still-standing [[County Championship]] record when they accumulate an innings total of 887.
* [[May 18]] - The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] rules in ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', introducing the "[[separate but equal]]" doctrine and upholding [[Racial segregation|segregation]].
* [[May 26]] - [[Charles Dow]] publishes the first edition of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]].
* [[May 27]] - The costliest and third deadliest [[St. Louis-East St. Louis Tornado|tornado]] in U.S. history levels a mile wide swath of downtown [[St. Louis, Missouri]], incurring $2.9 billion (1997 USD) in normalized damages, killing more than 255 and injuring over 1,000 people.
* [[June 4]] - The [[Ford Quadricycle]], the first [[Ford]] vehicle ever developed, is completed eventually leading [[Henry Ford]] to build the empire that "put America on wheels".
* [[June 12]] - [[Jack Hearne (John Thomas Hearne)|J.T. Hearne]] sets a record for the earliest date of taking 100 wickets. It is equalled by [[Charlie Parker (cricketer)|Charlie Parker]] in [[1931]].
* [[June 15]] - [[Earthquake]] and [[tsunami]] in Sanriku, [[Japan]], kills 27,000.
[[Image:Panathinaiko.jpg|thumb|190px|right| A picture of the restored [[Panathenaic Stadium]], the site of the [[1896 Summer Olympics]]]]
===July - September===
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* [[July 9]] - [[William Jennings Bryan]] delivers his [[Cross of gold speech]].
* [[July 11]] - [[Wilfrid Laurier]] becomes [[Canada]]'s seventh [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]].
* [[July 27]] - A [[causeway]] is opened between the islands of [[Saaremaa]] and [[Muhu]] in [[Estonia]].
* [[August 16]] - [[Skookum Jim Mason]], [[George Carmack]] and Dawson Charlie discover [[gold]] in the [[Klondike, Yukon|Klondike]].
* [[August 27]] - The shortest war in recorded history, the [[Anglo-Zanzibar War]], starts at 9 in the morning and lasts for 45 minutes of shelling.
* [[September 15]] - [[Crush, Texas|Crash at Crush]] train wreck stunt.
* [[September 22]] - [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] surpasses her grandfather [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] as the longest reigning [[British monarchy|monarch]] in British history.
===October - December===
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* [[October 5]] - After a long siege, [[Brazil]]ian government troops take [[Canudos]] in north Brazil, crushing [[Antonio Conselheiro]] and his followers.
* [[October 30]] - [[Augusta, KY]]: Augusta High School corner stone laid marking the end of the [[Augusta Methodist College]].
*November - [[William McKinley]] defeats [[William Jennings Bryan]] in the [[U.S. presidential election, 1896|U.S. presidential election]].
* [[November 6]] - [[Hale Johnson]] runs as vice-presidential candidate for [[Prohibition Party]].
* [[November 30]] - A [[St. Augustine Monster|large carcass]], later postulated to be the remains of a gigantic octopus, is found washed ashore near [[St. Augustine, Florida]].
* [[December 25]] - [[John Philip Sousa]] composes magnum opus, "[[Stars and Stripes Forever]]" on Christmas Day.
* [[December 30]] - [[Jose Rizal]], Filipino scholar and poet, executed in the [[Philippines]]
===Undated===
* [[Nepalese]] [[archaeologist]]s rediscover the great stone pillar of [[Ashoka]] at [[Lumbini]], using [[Fa Xian]]'s records.
* [[St Patrick's College, Maynooth|Pontifical University of Maynooth]] is established by decree of the [[Holy See|Vatican]]
* [[France]] establishes an administrative post in [[Abengourou]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]].
* Formation of the [[New York Telephone]] Company
* The "Realignment" of the Republican Party of the United States of America.
*Founding of
**[[Clarkson University]] (in [[Potsdam, New York]])
**[[Devonport High School for Boys]] (in [[Plymouth]] [[UK]])
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 29}}
===January - June===
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* [[Lawrence Riley]], American playwright and screen writer (d. [[1974]])
* [[January 2]] - [[Dziga Vertov]], Russian filmmaker (d. [[1954]])
* [[January 4]]
**[[Everett Dirksen]], American politician (d. [[1969]])
**[[André Masson]], French artist (d. [[1987]])
* [[January 8]] - [[Arthur Ford]], American psychic spiritual medium, clairaudient (d. [[1971]])
* [[January 12]] - [[Rex Ingram (director)|Rex Ingram]], Irish director and actor (d. [[1950]])
* [[January 14]]
**<!--January 14-->[[Martin Niemöller]], German theologian and pacifist (d. [[1984]])
**<!--January 14-->[[John Dos Passos]], American author (d. [[1970]])
* [[January 18]] - [[C. M. Eddy, Jr.]], American author (d. [[1967]])
* [[January 20]] - [[George Burns]], American comedian (d. [[1996]])
* [[January 23]] - [[Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg]] (d. [[1985]])
* [[February 18]] - [[André Breton]], French writer (d. [[1966]])
* [[February 28]] - [[Philip Showalter Hench]], American physician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1965]])
* [[February 29]] - [[Morarji Desai]], Indian politician (d. [[1995]])
* [[March 1]]
**[[Dimitris Mitropoulos]], Greek conductor, pianist, and composer (d. [[1960]])
**[[Moriz Seeler]], German writer, poet, film producer, and man of the theatre (d. [[1942]])
* [[March 20]] - [[Wop May|Wilfrid Reid "Wop" May]], Canadian World War I pilot (d. [[1952]])
* [[March 29]] - [[Wilhelm Ackermann]], German mathematician (d. [[1962]])
* [[April 15]] - [[Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov]], Russian chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1986]])
* [[April 27]] - [[Rogers Hornsby]], American baseball player (d. [[1963]])
* [[April 30]]
**[[Hans List]], founder of [[AVL (Anstalt für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen List)|AVL List]] (d. [[1996]])
**[[Gary Davis]], American musician (d. [[1972]])
* [[May 7]] - [[John Dunville]], British Army officer (d. [[1917]])
* [[May 30]] - [[Howard Hawks]], American director (d. [[1977]])
* [[June 6]] - [[Henry Allingham]], British, oldest ever veteran of British armed forces and oldest ever Englishman
* [[June 7]]
**[[Robert S. Mulliken]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1986]])
**[[Douglas Campbell (aviator)|Douglas Campbell]], American World War I flying ace (d. [[1990]])
* [[June 19]] - [[Wallis Simpson]], Duchess of Windsor (d. [[1986]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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* [[July 2]] - [[Quirino Cristiani]], Argentine animated film director (d. [[1984]])
* [[July 10]] - [[Maurice Zbriger]], Canadian violinist, composer and conductor (d. [[1981]])
* [[July 13]] - [[Mordecai Ardon]], Israeli painter (d. [[1992]])
* [[July 16]] - [[Trygve Lie]], Norwegian, first United Nations Secretary General (d. [[1968]])
* [[July 27]] - [[Henri Longchambon]], French politician (d. [[1969]])
* [[August 9]]
**<!--August 9-->[[Jean Piaget]], Swiss psychologist (d. [[1980]])
**<!--August 9-->[[Leonide Massine]], Russian ballet dancer and choreographer (d. [[1979]])
* [[August 15]]
**<!--August 15-->[[Gerty Cori]], Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1957]])
**<!--August 15-->[[Paul Outerbridge]], American photographer (d. [[1958]])
* [[August 18]] - [[Jack Pickford]], American actor (d. [[1933]])
* [[August 22]] - [[W. E. Lawrence]], American actor (d. [[1947]])
* [[August 30]] - [[Raymond Massey]], Canadian-born actor (d. [[1983]])
* [[September 1]] - [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]], Indian founder of Hare Krishna movement (d. [[1977]])
* [[September 24]] - [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]], American writer (d. [[1940]])
* [[October 7]] - [[Paulino Alcántara]], Philippine-Spanish soccer player (d. [[1964]])
* [[October 12]] - [[Eugenio Montale]], Italian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1981]])
* [[October 27]] - [[Edith Brown]], RMS Titanic survivor (d. [[1997]])
* [[October 28]] - [[Howard Hanson]], American composer (d. [[1981]])
* [[October 31]] - [[Ethel Waters]], American singer and actress (d. [[1977]])
* [[November 4]] - [[Carlos P. Garcia]], president of the Philippines (d. [[1971]])
* [[November 8]] - [[Bucky Harris]], American baseball player (d. [[1977]])
* [[November 10]] - [[Jimmy Dykes]], American baseball player and manager (d. [[1976]])
* [[November 13]] - [[Nobusuke Kishi]], Prime Minister of Japan (d. [[1987]])
* [[November 14]] - [[Mamie Eisenhower]], First Lady of the United States (d. [[1979]])
* [[November 16]] - [[Oswald Mosley]], leader of the British Union of Fascists (d. [[1980]])
* [[November 17]] - [[Lev Vygotsky]], Russian psychologist (d. [[1934]])
* [[December 5]] - [[Carl Ferdinand Cori]], Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1984]])
* [[December 6]] - [[Ira Gershwin]], American lyricist (d. [[1983]])
* [[December 14]] - [[Jimmy Doolittle]], American World War II air-force general (d. [[1993]])
* [[December 21]] - [[Leroy Robertson]], American composer (d. [[1971]])
* [[December 27]] - [[Louis Bromfield]], American writer (d. [[1956]])
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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*[[January 4]] - [[Joseph Hubert Reinkens]], German Old Catholic bishop (b. [[1821]])
*[[January 8]] - [[Paul Verlaine]], French lyric poet (b. [[1844]])
*[[May 1]] - [[Nasser al-Din Shah|Naser ad-Din Qajar]], Shah of Persia, King of Herat (b. [[1831]])
*[[May 17]] - [[Muhammad Al-Sabah]], emir of Kuwait (b. [[1831]])
*[[May 19]] - [[Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria]], father of Archduke Ferdinand (b. [[1833]])
*[[May 20]] - [[Clara Schumann]], German composer (b. [[1819]])
*[[May 24]] - [[Federico Luigi, Conte Menabrea]], Italian soldier and statesman (b. [[1809]])
===July - December===
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* [[July 1]] - [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]], American author (b. [[1811]])
*[[July 16]] - [[Edmond de Goncourt]], French writer and co-founder of the Académie Goncourt (b. [[1822]])
* [[July 19]] - [[Abraham H. Cannon]], American Mormon apostle (b. [[1859]])
* [[August 10]] - [[Otto Lilienthal]], German aviation pioneer (b. [[1848]])
* [[August 17]] - [[Bridget Driscoll]], early British automobile fatality (b. ''c.'' [[1852]])
*[[August 25]] - [[Hamad bin Thuwaini of Zanzibar]], sultan of Zanzibar (b. [[1857]])
* [[October 11]]
**[[Anton Bruckner]], Austrian composer (b. [[1824]])
**[[Edward White Benson]], Archbishop of Canterbury (b. [[1829]])
* [[October 21]] - [[James Henry Greathead]], British engineer and inventor (b. [[1844]])
* [[October 23]] - [[Columbus Delano]], American statesman (b. [[1809]])
*[[November 16]] - [[Josip Šokčević]], Croatian viceroy (b. [[1811]])
* [[December 10]] - [[Alfred Nobel]], Swedish inventor of dynamite and creator of the Nobel Prize (b. [[1833]])
* [[December 30]] - [[José Rizal]], national hero of the Philippines (b. [[1861]])
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