1897
34714
225828899
2008-07-15T16:18:37Z
Zzuuzz
365454
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/OrgasGirl|OrgasGirl]] ([[User talk:OrgasGirl|talk]]) to last version by Iodavide
{{year nav|1897}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1897''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXCVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
<!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat, Tue-Sun, Wed-Mon, Thu-Tue, Fr-We, Sa-Th, Sun-Fri
-->
==Events of 1897==
===January - March===
<!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
[[Image:Mckinley.jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[March 4]]: Pres. [[William McKinley|McKinley]].]]
* [[January 4]] - A [[United Kingdom|British]] force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the [[Oba of Benin]]. This leads to a [[Punitive Expedition]] against [[Benin City|Benin]].
* [[January 23]] - [[Elva Zona Heaster]] found dead in [[Greenbrier County, West Virginia|Greenbrier County]], [[West Virginia]]. The resulting murder trial of her husband is perhaps the only case in United States history where the testimony of a ghost helped secure a conviction.
<!--FEBRUARY-->
* [[February 2]] - [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]], the [[Pennsylvania]] state capitol, is destroyed by fire.
* [[February 10]] - Freedom of religion is proclaimed in [[Madagascar]].
* [[February 18]] - [[Benin City|Benin]] is put to the torch by the [[Punitive Expedition]].
* [[February 26]] - [[Sigma Pi]] Fraternity is founded.
<!--MARCH-->
* [[March 4]] - [[William McKinley]] succeeds [[Grover Cleveland]] as [[President of the United States]].
* [[March 13]] - [[San Diego State University]] is founded.
===April - June===
<!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
[[Image:PyramidParthenon.jpg|thumb|150px|right| [[May 1]]: [[Tennessee Centennial Exposition]] in [[Nashville]].]]
* [[April 5]] - "Ordinance of April 5," equalizing German and Czech in [[Bohemia]], signed in [[Austria-Hungary]] (see [[Count Kasimir Felix Badeni]]).
* [[April 24]] - The first ever [[Rugby League Challenge Cup]] final is played at [[Headingley Stadium|Headingley]].
* [[April 27]] - [[Grant's Tomb]] is dedicated.
<!--MAY-->
* [[May 1]] - The [[Tennessee Centennial Exposition]] opens in [[Nashville]], for 6 months, illuminated by many electric lights.
* [[May 10]] - Snaefell Mining Disaster in the [[Isle of Man]].{{Fact|date=June 2008}}
* [[May 16]] - The [[Teatro Massimo]] was built in [[Palermo]], the largest Opera Theatre in Italy, the 3° in Europe.
* [[May 18]] - [[Dracula]], a novel by Irish author [[Bram Stoker]] is published.
* [[May 19]] - [[Oscar Wilde]] is released from prison.
[[Image:Dracula1st.jpeg|thumb|100px|right| [[May 18]]: [[Dracula]] by [[Bram Stoker]].]]
<!--JUNE-->
* [[June 1]] - American miners strike begins. The strike successfully establishes the [[United Mine Workers]] Union and bring about the 8-hour work day to mines.
* [[June 2]] - [[Mark Twain]], responding to rumors that he is dead, is quoted by the ''New York Journal'' as saying, "The report of my death was an exaggeration."
* [[June 12]] - World's first Fingerprint Bureau opens in Calcutta (now Kolkata) India after the Council of the Governor General approved a committee report that [[fingerprint]]s should be used for classification of criminal records.
* [[June 22]] - Queen [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]] celebrates her [[Diamond Jubilee]].
===July - September===
<!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
* [[July 11]] - [[S. A. Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897]] begins. The ill-fated expedition to fly over the Arctic results in the death of the entire team within months.
* [[July 17]] - [[Klondike Gold Rush]] begins when first successful prospectors arrive in [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]].
* [[July 25]] - Writer [[Jack London]] sails to join the [[Klondike Gold Rush]] where he will write his first successful stories.
* [[July 31]] - First ascent of [[Mount Saint Elias]], second highest peak in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]].
<!--AUGUST-->
* [[August 29]] - [[First Zionist Congress]] convenes in [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]].
[[Image:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|thumb|160px|right| [[October 6]]: [[Ethiopia]]n flag.]]
<!--SEPTEMBER-->
* [[September 1]] - The [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] subway opens, becoming the first underground [[metro]] in [[North America]].
* [[September 10]] - In the [[Lattimer Massacre]], a sheriff's posse killes more than nineteen unarmed immigrant miners in [[Pennsylvania]].
* [[September 11]] - After months of searching, generals of [[Menelik II of Ethiopia]] capture [[Gaki Sherocho]], the last king of [[Kingdom of Kaffa|Kaffa]], bringing an end to that ancient kingdom.
* [[September 20]] - [[Greece]] and [[Turkey]] sign a peace treaty to end the [[Greco-Turkish War (1897)|Greco-Turkish War]].
[[Image:Uss baltimore c-3.jpg|thumb|150px|right| [[October]]: [[USS Baltimore (C-3)|USS ''Baltimore'']] (C-3) in [[Hawaii]].]]
===October - December===
<!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
* [[October 2]] - The first issue is published of the radical paper ''[[Tocsin]]''.
* [[October 6]] - [[Ethiopia]] uses tricolore flag: green is for the land, yellow for peace, and red is symbolic of strength.
* [[October 12]] - The [[USS Baltimore (C-3)|USS ''Baltimore'']] (Cruiser # 3, later CM-1) is recommissioned, since [[1890]], for several months of duty in the [[Hawaiian Islands]].
* [[October 13]] - The [[HMS Canopus (1898)]], a [[pre-Dreadnought]] [[battleship]] of the [[British Royal Navy]], is launched at [[Portsmouth, England]] (will be deployed widely in [[World War I]]).
<!--DECEMBER-->
* [[December 9]] - First issue of the feminist newspaper ''[[La Fronde]]'' is published by [[Marguerite Durand]].
* [[December 28]] - The play ''[[Cyrano de Bergerac (play)|Cyrano de Bergerac]]'', by [[Edmond Rostand]], premieres in [[Paris]].
* [[December 30]] - [[KwaZulu-Natal Province|Natal]] annexes [[Zululand]].
[[Image:Ensba paris 1 artlibre jnl.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Women study at ''[[Ecole des Beaux-Arts]]'' in [[Paris]].]]
===Undated===
* [[France]] allows women to study at the ''[[Ecole des Beaux-Arts]]''.
* First use of the word "[[computer]]" meaning an electronic calculation device.
* [[Coseley Urban District Council]] is formed.
* [[Dos Equis]] is first brewed in anticipation of new century.
* [[J. J. Thomson]] discovers the [[electron]] as a [[subatomic particle]], over 1800 times smaller than a [[proton]] (in the nucleus).
* The [[Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry|Ayrshire Yeomanry Cavalry]], a [[British Army|British]] [[Yeomanry]] [[Cavalry]] [[Regiment]], adopted the sub-title ''[[Earl of Carrick|Earl of Carrck's Own]]'' in honour of the future [[King Edward VII]].
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 30}}
===January - June===
<!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
*[[January 3]] - [[Marion Davies]], American actress (d. [[1961]])
*[[January 21]] - [[René Iché]], French sculptor (d. [[1954]])
*[[January 23]]
**[[Subhash Chandra Bose]], Indian political leader (d. [[1945]](?))
**[[Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky]], Austrian architect and anti-Nazi activist (d. [[2000]])
*[[January 28]] - [[Ivan Stedeford]], British Industrialist (d. [[1975]])
*[[February 4]] - [[Ludwig Erhard]], Chancellor of Germany (d. [[1977]])
*[[February 7]] - [[Quincy Porter]], American composer (d. [[1966]])
*[[February 10]]
**[[John F. Enders]], American scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1985]])
**Dame [[Judith Anderson]], Australian actress (d. [[1992]])
*[[February 21]] - [[Elizabeth Harrison]], daughter of President Benjamin Harrison (d. [[1955]])
*[[February 27]]
**[[Ferdinand Heim]], WWII German general, the "Scapegoat of Stalingrad" (d. [[1977]])
**[[Marian Anderson]], American contralto (d. [[1993]])
*[[March 1]] - [[Shoghi Effendi]], Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith (d. [[1957]])
*[[March 4]] - [[Lefty O'Doul]], American baseball player and restaurateur (d. [[1969]])
*[[March 5]] - [[Set Persson]], Swedish communist politician (d. [[1960]])
*[[March 15]] - [[Jackson Scholz]], American sprinter (d. [[1986]])
*[[March 16]] - [[Flora Eldershaw]], Australian novelist, critic, and historian (d. [[1956]])
*[[March 20]] - (claimed birthdate) [[Ruby Muhammad]], African Americans' rights activist
*[[March 24]] - [[Wilhelm Reich]], Austrian psychotherapist (d. [[1957]])
*[[March 28]] - [[Sepp Herberger]], German football coach (d. [[1977]])
*[[April 1]] - [[Nita Naldi]], American film actress (d. [[1961]])
*[[April 7]] - [[Walter Winchell]], American broadcast journalist (d. [[1972]])
*[[April 9]] - [[John B. Gambling]], American radio talk-show host (d. [[1974]])
*[[April 17]] - [[Thornton Wilder]], American dramatist (d. [[1975]])
*[[April 19]]
**[[Peter de Noronha]], Indian businessman (d. [[1970]])
**[[Constance Talmadge]], American actress (d. [[1973]])
*[[April 21]] - [[Aiden Wilson Tozer]], American Protestant pastor (d. [[1963]])
*[[April 23]] - [[Lester B. Pearson]], Prime Minister of Canada, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1972]])
*[[April 25]] - [[Mary, Princess Royal]] of England (d. [[1965]])
*[[April 26]]
**[[Douglas Sirk]], German-born director (d. [[1987]])
**[[Eddie Eagan]], American boxer and bobsledder (d. [[1967]])
*[[May 2]] - [[J. Fred Coots]], American songwriter (d. [[1985]])
*[[May 14]] - [[Sidney Bechet]], American musician (d. [[1959]])
*[[May 17]] - [[Odd Hassel]], Norwegian chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1981]])
*[[May 18]] - [[Frank Capra]], American producer, director, and writer (d. [[1991]])
*[[May 19]] - [[Frank Luke]], American World War I pilot (d. [[1918]])
*[[May 21]] - [[Nikola Avramov]], Bulgarian painter (d. [[1945]])
*[[May 27]] - [[John Cockcroft]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1967]])
*[[May 29]]
**[[Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia]], (d.1918)
**[[Erich Wolfgang Korngold]], Austrian composer (d. [[1957]])
*[[June 7]] - [[George Szell]], Hungarian conductor (d. [[1970]])
*[[June 12]] - [[Anthony Eden]], Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. [[1977]])
*[[June 13]] - [[Paavo Nurmi]], Finnish runner (d. [[1973]])
*[[June 16]] - [[Georg Wittig]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1987]])
*[[June 19]]
**[[Cyril Norman Hinshelwood]], English chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1967]])
**[[Moe Howard]], American comedian and actor (d. [[1975]])
*[[June 22]] - [[Edmund A. Chester]], American Broadcaster and journalist (d. [[1973]])
===July - December=== <!--BIRTHS-->
<!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
*[[July 7]] - [[Mikhail Kovalyov]], Soviet Military officer, colonel-general (d. [[1967]])
*[[July 20]] - [[Tadeus Reichstein]], Polish-born chemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1996]])
*[[July 24]] - [[Amelia Earhart]], American aviator (d. [[1937]] - presumed)
*[[July 29]] - Sir [[Neil Ritchie]], British WWII general (d. [[1983]])
*[[August 2]] - [[Max Weber (politician)|Max Weber]], Swiss Federal Councilor (d. [[1974]])
*[[August 5]] - [[Aksel Larsen]], Danish politician (d. [[1972]])
*[[August 10]] - [[John Galbreath]], American businessman (d. [[1988]])
*[[August 28]] - [[Charles Boyer]], French actor (d. [[1978]])
*[[September 1]] - [[Andy Kennedy]], Northern Irish footballer (d. [[1963]])
*[[September 8]] - [[Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)|Jimmie Rodgers]], American singer (d. [[1933]])
*[[September 12]] - [[Irene Joliot-Curie]], French physicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (d. [[1956]])
*[[September 17]] - [[Earl Webb]], American baseball player (d. [[1965]])
*[[September 23]] - [[Walter Pidgeon]], Canadian actor (d. [[1984]])
*[[September 25]] - [[William Faulkner]], American writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1962]])
*[[September 26]]
**[[Pope Paul VI]] (d. [[1978]])
**[[Arthur Rhys Davids]], English pilot (d. [[1917]])
*[[October 2]] - [[Bud Abbott]], American actor (d. [[1974]])
*[[October 3]] - [[Louis Aragon]], French author (d. [[1982]])
*[[October 15]] - [[Johannes Sikkar]], Estonian statesman (d. [[1960]])
*[[October 20]] - [[Yi Un]], Korean Crown Prince (d. [[1970]])
*[[October 29]] - [[Joseph Goebbels]], German Nazi propagandist (d. [[1945]])
*[[November 9]]
**[[Harvey Hendrick]], American baseball player (d. [[1941]])
**[[Ronald George Wreyford Norrish]], British chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1978]])
*[[November 15]] - [[Sacheverell Sitwell]], English author (d. [[1988]])
*[[November 17]] - [[Frank Fay(U.S.-born)|Frank Fay]], American actor (d. [[1961]])
*[[November 18]] - [[Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett|Patrick Blackett]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1974]])
*[[November 23]] - [[Nirad C. Chaudhuri]], Bengali author (d. [[1999]])
*[[November 24]] - [[Lucky Luciano]], Sicilian-American mafia boss (d. [[1962]])
*[[November 30]] - [[Virginia Henderson]], American nurse theorist (d. [[1996]])
*[[December 18]] - [[Fletcher Henderson]], American musician (d. [[1952]])
*[[December 30]] - [[Alfredo Bracchi]], Italian author (d. [[1976]])
==Deaths==
===January-June===
<!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences.
-->
* [[February 4]] - [[Charles Bendire|Major Charles Bendire]], U.S. Army captain and ornithologist (b. [[1836]])
* [[February 19]] - [[Karl Weierstrass]], German mathematician (b. [[1815]])
* [[March 11]] - [[Henry Drummond]], Scottish evangelical writer and lecturer (b. [[1851]])
* [[March 19]] - [[Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie]], Irish-born traveler (b. [[1810]])
* [[April 1]] - [[Jandamarra]], Aborigine who led armed insurrections against white settlement in Australia.
* [[April 3]] - [[Johannes Brahms]], German composer (b. [[1833]])
*[[April 10]] - [[Friedrich Franz III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (b. [[1851]])
*[[May 4]] - [[Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria]] (b. [[1847]])
*[[May 7]] - [[Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale]] (b. [[1822]])
*[[May 10]] - [[Andrés Bonifacio]], Filipino revolutionary (b. [[1863]])
*[[May 23]] - [[Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju]], Indian rajah (b. [[1850]])
===July-December=== <!--DEATHS-->
*[[August 8]] - [[Antonio Cánovas del Castillo]], Spanish politician and historian (b. [[1828]])
* [[September 9]]
**[[Richard Holt Hutton]], English writer and theologian (b. [[1826]])
**[[Ferenc Pulszky]], Hungarian politician (b. [[1814]])
* [[September 21]] - [[Wilhelm Wattenbach]], German historian (b. [[1819]])
*[[September 27]] - [[Charles Denis Bourbaki]], French military leader (b. [[1816]])
* [[September 30]] - St [[Thérèse de Lisieux]], French Catholic saint (b. [[1873]])
*[[October 9]] - [[Jan Heemskerk]], prime minister of the Netherlands (b. [[1818]])
* [[October 29]] - [[Henry George]], American economist (b. [[1839]])
* November - [[Francisco Gonzalo Marin]], Cuban poet and freedom fighter (b. [[1863]])
* [[November 3]] - [[Thomas Lanier Clingman]], American "Prince of Politicians" (b. [[1812]])
*[[November 17]] - [[George Hendric Houghton]], American Protestant Episcopal clergyman (b. [[1820]])
*[[November 18]] - [[Henry Doulton]], English pottery manufacturer (b. [[1820]])
* [[November 19]] - [[William Seymour Tyler]], American educator and historian (b. [[1810]])
* [[November 20]] - [[Ernest Giles]], Australian explorer (b. [[1835]])
* [[December 17]] - [[Alphonse Daudet]], French writer (b. [[1840]])
* [[December 28]] - [[William Corby]], American Catholic priest (b. [[1833]])
*''date unknown'' - [[Owon]], Korean painter (b. [[1843]])
{{commonscat}}
[[Category:1897| ]]
[[af:1897]]
[[am:1897 እ.ኤ.አ.]]
[[ar:1897]]
[[an:1897]]
[[ast:1897]]
[[gn:1897]]
[[az:1897]]
[[bn:১৮৯৭]]
[[map-bms:1897]]
[[be:1897]]
[[be-x-old:1897]]
[[bh:१८९७]]
[[bs:1897]]
[[br:1897]]
[[bg:1897]]
[[ca:1897]]
[[cv:1897]]
[[cs:1897]]
[[co:1897]]
[[cy:1897]]
[[da:1897]]
[[de:1897]]
[[et:1897]]
[[el:1897]]
[[es:1897]]
[[eo:1897]]
[[eu:1897]]
[[fa:۱۸۹۷ (میلادی)]]
[[fo:1897]]
[[hif:1897]]
[[fr:1897]]
[[fy:1897]]
[[ga:1897]]
[[gv:1897]]
[[gd:1897]]
[[gl:1897]]
[[ko:1897년]]
[[hy:1897]]
[[hi:1897]]
[[hr:1897.]]
[[io:1897]]
[[ilo:1897]]
[[bpy:মারি ১৮৯৭]]
[[id:1897]]
[[ia:1897]]
[[os:1897]]
[[is:1897]]
[[it:1897]]
[[he:1897]]
[[jv:1897]]
[[kn:೧೮೯೭]]
[[ka:1897]]
[[csb:1897]]
[[sw:1897]]
[[ht:1897 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[la:1897]]
[[lb:1897]]
[[lt:1897 m.]]
[[lij:1897]]
[[hu:1897]]
[[mk:1897]]
[[mi:1897]]
[[mr:इ.स. १८९७]]
[[ms:1897]]
[[nah:1897]]
[[nl:1897]]
[[new:ई सं १८९७]]
[[ja:1897年]]
[[nap:1897]]
[[no:1897]]
[[nn:1897]]
[[nrm:1897]]
[[nov:1897]]
[[oc:1897]]
[[uz:1897]]
[[pi:१८९७]]
[[nds:1897]]
[[pl:1897]]
[[pt:1897]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1897]]
[[ro:1897]]
[[ru:1897 год]]
[[se:1897]]
[[sq:1897]]
[[scn:1897]]
[[simple:1897]]
[[sk:1897]]
[[sl:1897]]
[[sr:1897]]
[[sh:1897]]
[[su:1897]]
[[fi:1897]]
[[sv:1897]]
[[tl:1897]]
[[ta:1897]]
[[tt:1897]]
[[te:1897]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2440]]
[[vi:1897]]
[[tr:1897]]
[[uk:1897]]
[[vec:1897]]
[[wa:1897]]
[[vls:1897]]
[[zh-yue:1897年]]
[[cbk-zam:1897]]
[[bat-smg:1897]]
[[zh:1897年]]