1897 34714 225828899 2008-07-15T16:18:37Z Zzuuzz 365454 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/OrgasGirl|OrgasGirl]] ([[User talk:OrgasGirl|talk]]) to last version by Iodavide {{year nav|1897}} {{C19YearInTopicX}} Year '''1897''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXCVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat, Tue-Sun, Wed-Mon, Thu-Tue, Fr-We, Sa-Th, Sun-Fri --> ==Events of 1897== ===January - March=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:Mckinley.jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[March 4]]: Pres. [[William McKinley|McKinley]].]] * [[January 4]] - A [[United Kingdom|British]] force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the [[Oba of Benin]]. This leads to a [[Punitive Expedition]] against [[Benin City|Benin]]. * [[January 23]] - [[Elva Zona Heaster]] found dead in [[Greenbrier County, West Virginia|Greenbrier County]], [[West Virginia]]. The resulting murder trial of her husband is perhaps the only case in United States history where the testimony of a ghost helped secure a conviction. <!--FEBRUARY--> * [[February 2]] - [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]], the [[Pennsylvania]] state capitol, is destroyed by fire. * [[February 10]] - Freedom of religion is proclaimed in [[Madagascar]]. * [[February 18]] - [[Benin City|Benin]] is put to the torch by the [[Punitive Expedition]]. * [[February 26]] - [[Sigma Pi]] Fraternity is founded. <!--MARCH--> * [[March 4]] - [[William McKinley]] succeeds [[Grover Cleveland]] as [[President of the United States]]. * [[March 13]] - [[San Diego State University]] is founded. ===April - June=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:PyramidParthenon.jpg|thumb|150px|right| [[May 1]]: [[Tennessee Centennial Exposition]] in [[Nashville]].]] * [[April 5]] - "Ordinance of April 5," equalizing German and Czech in [[Bohemia]], signed in [[Austria-Hungary]] (see [[Count Kasimir Felix Badeni]]). * [[April 24]] - The first ever [[Rugby League Challenge Cup]] final is played at [[Headingley Stadium|Headingley]]. * [[April 27]] - [[Grant's Tomb]] is dedicated. <!--MAY--> * [[May 1]] - The [[Tennessee Centennial Exposition]] opens in [[Nashville]], for 6 months, illuminated by many electric lights. * [[May 10]] - Snaefell Mining Disaster in the [[Isle of Man]].{{Fact|date=June 2008}} * [[May 16]] - The [[Teatro Massimo]] was built in [[Palermo]], the largest Opera Theatre in Italy, the 3° in Europe. * [[May 18]] - [[Dracula]], a novel by Irish author [[Bram Stoker]] is published. * [[May 19]] - [[Oscar Wilde]] is released from prison. [[Image:Dracula1st.jpeg|thumb|100px|right| [[May 18]]: [[Dracula]] by [[Bram Stoker]].]] <!--JUNE--> * [[June 1]] - American miners strike begins. The strike successfully establishes the [[United Mine Workers]] Union and bring about the 8-hour work day to mines. * [[June 2]] - [[Mark Twain]], responding to rumors that he is dead, is quoted by the ''New York Journal'' as saying, "The report of my death was an exaggeration." * [[June 12]] - World's first Fingerprint Bureau opens in Calcutta (now Kolkata) India after the Council of the Governor General approved a committee report that [[fingerprint]]s should be used for classification of criminal records. * [[June 22]] - Queen [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]] celebrates her [[Diamond Jubilee]]. ===July - September=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 11]] - [[S. A. Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897]] begins. The ill-fated expedition to fly over the Arctic results in the death of the entire team within months. * [[July 17]] - [[Klondike Gold Rush]] begins when first successful prospectors arrive in [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]]. * [[July 25]] - Writer [[Jack London]] sails to join the [[Klondike Gold Rush]] where he will write his first successful stories. * [[July 31]] - First ascent of [[Mount Saint Elias]], second highest peak in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]]. <!--AUGUST--> * [[August 29]] - [[First Zionist Congress]] convenes in [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]]. [[Image:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|thumb|160px|right| [[October 6]]: [[Ethiopia]]n flag.]] <!--SEPTEMBER--> * [[September 1]] - The [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] subway opens, becoming the first underground [[metro]] in [[North America]]. * [[September 10]] - In the [[Lattimer Massacre]], a sheriff's posse killes more than nineteen unarmed immigrant miners in [[Pennsylvania]]. * [[September 11]] - After months of searching, generals of [[Menelik II of Ethiopia]] capture [[Gaki Sherocho]], the last king of [[Kingdom of Kaffa|Kaffa]], bringing an end to that ancient kingdom. * [[September 20]] - [[Greece]] and [[Turkey]] sign a peace treaty to end the [[Greco-Turkish War (1897)|Greco-Turkish War]]. [[Image:Uss baltimore c-3.jpg|thumb|150px|right| [[October]]: [[USS Baltimore (C-3)|USS ''Baltimore'']] (C-3) in [[Hawaii]].]] ===October - December=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[October 2]] - The first issue is published of the radical paper ''[[Tocsin]]''. * [[October 6]] - [[Ethiopia]] uses tricolore flag: green is for the land, yellow for peace, and red is symbolic of strength. * [[October 12]] - The [[USS Baltimore (C-3)|USS ''Baltimore'']] (Cruiser # 3, later CM-1) is recommissioned, since [[1890]], for several months of duty in the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. * [[October 13]] - The [[HMS Canopus (1898)]], a [[pre-Dreadnought]] [[battleship]] of the [[British Royal Navy]], is launched at [[Portsmouth, England]] (will be deployed widely in [[World War I]]). <!--DECEMBER--> * [[December 9]] - First issue of the feminist newspaper ''[[La Fronde]]'' is published by [[Marguerite Durand]]. * [[December 28]] - The play ''[[Cyrano de Bergerac (play)|Cyrano de Bergerac]]'', by [[Edmond Rostand]], premieres in [[Paris]]. * [[December 30]] - [[KwaZulu-Natal Province|Natal]] annexes [[Zululand]]. [[Image:Ensba paris 1 artlibre jnl.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Women study at ''[[Ecole des Beaux-Arts]]'' in [[Paris]].]] ===Undated=== * [[France]] allows women to study at the ''[[Ecole des Beaux-Arts]]''. * First use of the word "[[computer]]" meaning an electronic calculation device. * [[Coseley Urban District Council]] is formed. * [[Dos Equis]] is first brewed in anticipation of new century. * [[J. J. Thomson]] discovers the [[electron]] as a [[subatomic particle]], over 1800 times smaller than a [[proton]] (in the nucleus). * The [[Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry|Ayrshire Yeomanry Cavalry]], a [[British Army|British]] [[Yeomanry]] [[Cavalry]] [[Regiment]], adopted the sub-title ''[[Earl of Carrick|Earl of Carrck's Own]]'' in honour of the future [[King Edward VII]]. ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 30}} ===January - June=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 3]] - [[Marion Davies]], American actress (d. [[1961]]) *[[January 21]] - [[René Iché]], French sculptor (d. [[1954]]) *[[January 23]] **[[Subhash Chandra Bose]], Indian political leader (d. [[1945]](?)) **[[Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky]], Austrian architect and anti-Nazi activist (d. [[2000]]) *[[January 28]] - [[Ivan Stedeford]], British Industrialist (d. [[1975]]) *[[February 4]] - [[Ludwig Erhard]], Chancellor of Germany (d. [[1977]]) *[[February 7]] - [[Quincy Porter]], American composer (d. [[1966]]) *[[February 10]] **[[John F. Enders]], American scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1985]]) **Dame [[Judith Anderson]], Australian actress (d. [[1992]]) *[[February 21]] - [[Elizabeth Harrison]], daughter of President Benjamin Harrison (d. [[1955]]) *[[February 27]] **[[Ferdinand Heim]], WWII German general, the "Scapegoat of Stalingrad" (d. [[1977]]) **[[Marian Anderson]], American contralto (d. [[1993]]) *[[March 1]] - [[Shoghi Effendi]], Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith (d. [[1957]]) *[[March 4]] - [[Lefty O'Doul]], American baseball player and restaurateur (d. [[1969]]) *[[March 5]] - [[Set Persson]], Swedish communist politician (d. [[1960]]) *[[March 15]] - [[Jackson Scholz]], American sprinter (d. [[1986]]) *[[March 16]] - [[Flora Eldershaw]], Australian novelist, critic, and historian (d. [[1956]]) *[[March 20]] - (claimed birthdate) [[Ruby Muhammad]], African Americans' rights activist *[[March 24]] - [[Wilhelm Reich]], Austrian psychotherapist (d. [[1957]]) *[[March 28]] - [[Sepp Herberger]], German football coach (d. [[1977]]) *[[April 1]] - [[Nita Naldi]], American film actress (d. [[1961]]) *[[April 7]] - [[Walter Winchell]], American broadcast journalist (d. [[1972]]) *[[April 9]] - [[John B. Gambling]], American radio talk-show host (d. [[1974]]) *[[April 17]] - [[Thornton Wilder]], American dramatist (d. [[1975]]) *[[April 19]] **[[Peter de Noronha]], Indian businessman (d. [[1970]]) **[[Constance Talmadge]], American actress (d. [[1973]]) *[[April 21]] - [[Aiden Wilson Tozer]], American Protestant pastor (d. [[1963]]) *[[April 23]] - [[Lester B. Pearson]], Prime Minister of Canada, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1972]]) *[[April 25]] - [[Mary, Princess Royal]] of England (d. [[1965]]) *[[April 26]] **[[Douglas Sirk]], German-born director (d. [[1987]]) **[[Eddie Eagan]], American boxer and bobsledder (d. [[1967]]) *[[May 2]] - [[J. Fred Coots]], American songwriter (d. [[1985]]) *[[May 14]] - [[Sidney Bechet]], American musician (d. [[1959]]) *[[May 17]] - [[Odd Hassel]], Norwegian chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1981]]) *[[May 18]] - [[Frank Capra]], American producer, director, and writer (d. [[1991]]) *[[May 19]] - [[Frank Luke]], American World War I pilot (d. [[1918]]) *[[May 21]] - [[Nikola Avramov]], Bulgarian painter (d. [[1945]]) *[[May 27]] - [[John Cockcroft]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1967]]) *[[May 29]] **[[Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia]], (d.1918) **[[Erich Wolfgang Korngold]], Austrian composer (d. [[1957]]) *[[June 7]] - [[George Szell]], Hungarian conductor (d. [[1970]]) *[[June 12]] - [[Anthony Eden]], Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. [[1977]]) *[[June 13]] - [[Paavo Nurmi]], Finnish runner (d. [[1973]]) *[[June 16]] - [[Georg Wittig]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1987]]) *[[June 19]] **[[Cyril Norman Hinshelwood]], English chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1967]]) **[[Moe Howard]], American comedian and actor (d. [[1975]]) *[[June 22]] - [[Edmund A. Chester]], American Broadcaster and journalist (d. [[1973]]) ===July - December=== <!--BIRTHS--> <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[July 7]] - [[Mikhail Kovalyov]], Soviet Military officer, colonel-general (d. [[1967]]) *[[July 20]] - [[Tadeus Reichstein]], Polish-born chemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1996]]) *[[July 24]] - [[Amelia Earhart]], American aviator (d. [[1937]] - presumed) *[[July 29]] - Sir [[Neil Ritchie]], British WWII general (d. [[1983]]) *[[August 2]] - [[Max Weber (politician)|Max Weber]], Swiss Federal Councilor (d. [[1974]]) *[[August 5]] - [[Aksel Larsen]], Danish politician (d. [[1972]]) *[[August 10]] - [[John Galbreath]], American businessman (d. [[1988]]) *[[August 28]] - [[Charles Boyer]], French actor (d. [[1978]]) *[[September 1]] - [[Andy Kennedy]], Northern Irish footballer (d. [[1963]]) *[[September 8]] - [[Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)|Jimmie Rodgers]], American singer (d. [[1933]]) *[[September 12]] - [[Irene Joliot-Curie]], French physicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (d. [[1956]]) *[[September 17]] - [[Earl Webb]], American baseball player (d. [[1965]]) *[[September 23]] - [[Walter Pidgeon]], Canadian actor (d. [[1984]]) *[[September 25]] - [[William Faulkner]], American writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1962]]) *[[September 26]] **[[Pope Paul VI]] (d. [[1978]]) **[[Arthur Rhys Davids]], English pilot (d. [[1917]]) *[[October 2]] - [[Bud Abbott]], American actor (d. [[1974]]) *[[October 3]] - [[Louis Aragon]], French author (d. [[1982]]) *[[October 15]] - [[Johannes Sikkar]], Estonian statesman (d. [[1960]]) *[[October 20]] - [[Yi Un]], Korean Crown Prince (d. [[1970]]) *[[October 29]] - [[Joseph Goebbels]], German Nazi propagandist (d. [[1945]]) *[[November 9]] **[[Harvey Hendrick]], American baseball player (d. [[1941]]) **[[Ronald George Wreyford Norrish]], British chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1978]]) *[[November 15]] - [[Sacheverell Sitwell]], English author (d. [[1988]]) *[[November 17]] - [[Frank Fay(U.S.-born)|Frank Fay]], American actor (d. [[1961]]) *[[November 18]] - [[Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett|Patrick Blackett]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1974]]) *[[November 23]] - [[Nirad C. Chaudhuri]], Bengali author (d. [[1999]]) *[[November 24]] - [[Lucky Luciano]], Sicilian-American mafia boss (d. [[1962]]) *[[November 30]] - [[Virginia Henderson]], American nurse theorist (d. [[1996]]) *[[December 18]] - [[Fletcher Henderson]], American musician (d. [[1952]]) *[[December 30]] - [[Alfredo Bracchi]], Italian author (d. [[1976]]) ==Deaths== ===January-June=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[February 4]] - [[Charles Bendire|Major Charles Bendire]], U.S. Army captain and ornithologist (b. [[1836]]) * [[February 19]] - [[Karl Weierstrass]], German mathematician (b. [[1815]]) * [[March 11]] - [[Henry Drummond]], Scottish evangelical writer and lecturer (b. [[1851]]) * [[March 19]] - [[Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie]], Irish-born traveler (b. [[1810]]) * [[April 1]] - [[Jandamarra]], Aborigine who led armed insurrections against white settlement in Australia. * [[April 3]] - [[Johannes Brahms]], German composer (b. [[1833]]) *[[April 10]] - [[Friedrich Franz III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (b. [[1851]]) *[[May 4]] - [[Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria]] (b. [[1847]]) *[[May 7]] - [[Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale]] (b. [[1822]]) *[[May 10]] - [[Andrés Bonifacio]], Filipino revolutionary (b. [[1863]]) *[[May 23]] - [[Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju]], Indian rajah (b. [[1850]]) ===July-December=== <!--DEATHS--> *[[August 8]] - [[Antonio Cánovas del Castillo]], Spanish politician and historian (b. [[1828]]) * [[September 9]] **[[Richard Holt Hutton]], English writer and theologian (b. [[1826]]) **[[Ferenc Pulszky]], Hungarian politician (b. [[1814]]) * [[September 21]] - [[Wilhelm Wattenbach]], German historian (b. [[1819]]) *[[September 27]] - [[Charles Denis Bourbaki]], French military leader (b. [[1816]]) * [[September 30]] - St [[Thérèse de Lisieux]], French Catholic saint (b. [[1873]]) *[[October 9]] - [[Jan Heemskerk]], prime minister of the Netherlands (b. [[1818]]) * [[October 29]] - [[Henry George]], American economist (b. [[1839]]) * November - [[Francisco Gonzalo Marin]], Cuban poet and freedom fighter (b. [[1863]]) * [[November 3]] - [[Thomas Lanier Clingman]], American "Prince of Politicians" (b. [[1812]]) *[[November 17]] - [[George Hendric Houghton]], American Protestant Episcopal clergyman (b. [[1820]]) *[[November 18]] - [[Henry Doulton]], English pottery manufacturer (b. [[1820]]) * [[November 19]] - [[William Seymour Tyler]], American educator and historian (b. [[1810]]) * [[November 20]] - [[Ernest Giles]], Australian explorer (b. [[1835]]) * [[December 17]] - [[Alphonse Daudet]], French writer (b. [[1840]]) * [[December 28]] - [[William Corby]], American Catholic priest (b. [[1833]]) *''date unknown'' - [[Owon]], Korean painter (b. [[1843]]) {{commonscat}} [[Category:1897| ]] [[af:1897]] [[am:1897 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1897]] [[an:1897]] [[ast:1897]] [[gn:1897]] [[az:1897]] [[bn:১৮৯৭]] [[map-bms:1897]] [[be:1897]] [[be-x-old:1897]] [[bh:१८९७]] [[bs:1897]] [[br:1897]] [[bg:1897]] [[ca:1897]] [[cv:1897]] [[cs:1897]] [[co:1897]] [[cy:1897]] [[da:1897]] [[de:1897]] [[et:1897]] [[el:1897]] [[es:1897]] [[eo:1897]] [[eu:1897]] [[fa:۱۸۹۷ (میلادی)]] [[fo:1897]] [[hif:1897]] [[fr:1897]] [[fy:1897]] [[ga:1897]] [[gv:1897]] [[gd:1897]] [[gl:1897]] [[ko:1897년]] [[hy:1897]] [[hi:1897]] [[hr:1897.]] [[io:1897]] [[ilo:1897]] [[bpy:মারি ১৮৯৭]] [[id:1897]] [[ia:1897]] [[os:1897]] [[is:1897]] [[it:1897]] [[he:1897]] [[jv:1897]] [[kn:೧೮೯೭]] [[ka:1897]] [[csb:1897]] [[sw:1897]] [[ht:1897 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[la:1897]] [[lb:1897]] [[lt:1897 m.]] [[lij:1897]] [[hu:1897]] [[mk:1897]] [[mi:1897]] [[mr:इ.स. १८९७]] [[ms:1897]] [[nah:1897]] [[nl:1897]] [[new:ई सं १८९७]] [[ja:1897年]] [[nap:1897]] [[no:1897]] [[nn:1897]] [[nrm:1897]] [[nov:1897]] [[oc:1897]] [[uz:1897]] [[pi:१८९७]] [[nds:1897]] [[pl:1897]] [[pt:1897]] [[ksh:Joohr 1897]] [[ro:1897]] [[ru:1897 год]] [[se:1897]] [[sq:1897]] [[scn:1897]] [[simple:1897]] [[sk:1897]] [[sl:1897]] [[sr:1897]] [[sh:1897]] [[su:1897]] [[fi:1897]] [[sv:1897]] [[tl:1897]] [[ta:1897]] [[tt:1897]] [[te:1897]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2440]] [[vi:1897]] [[tr:1897]] [[uk:1897]] [[vec:1897]] [[wa:1897]] [[vls:1897]] [[zh-yue:1897年]] [[cbk-zam:1897]] [[bat-smg:1897]] [[zh:1897年]]