1909
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{{year nav|1909}}
{{C20YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1909''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Thursday]]
of the 13-day-slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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{{otheruses|1909 (disambiguation)}}
==Events of 1909==
===January===
[[Image:Lucas gusher.jpg|thumb|100px|right| [[Jan. 1]]: [[Lakeview Gusher]]]]
*January - The [[Old Age Pensions Act 1908]] comes into force in [[United Kingdom|Britain]].
* [[January 1]] - Drilling begins on the [[Lakeview Gusher]].
* [[January 5]] - [[Colombia]] recognizes the independence of [[Panama]].
* [[January 16]] - [[Ernest Shackleton]]'s expedition finds the magnetic [[South Pole]].
* [[January 27]] - The [[Young Left (Norway)|Young Left]] is founded in [[Norway]].
* [[January 28]] - [[United States]] troops leave [[Cuba]] after being there since the [[Spanish-American War]].
{{-}}<!-- reset to margin, for future images above -->
===February===
[[Image:HudsonAuto.jpg|thumb|180px|right| [[February 24]]: [[Hudson Motor Car Company|Hudson]] is founded.]]
* [[February 12]] - The [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (NAACP) is founded.
* [[February 23]] - The [[AEA Silver Dart|Silver Dart]] makes the first powered flight in [[Canada]] and the [[British Empire]].
* [[February 24]] - The [[Hudson Motor Car Company]] is founded.
===March===
* [[March 4]] - End of term for [[Theodore Roosevelt]], 26th [[President of the United States]]. He is succeeded by [[William Howard Taft]].
* [[March 10]] - [[Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909]] signed in [[Bangkok]].
* [[March 18]] - [[Einar Dessau]] uses a [[short-wave radio]] transmitter becoming the first radio broadcaster.
* [[March 23]] - [[Theodore Roosevelt]] leaves [[New York]] for a post-presidency [[safari]] in [[Africa]]. The trip is sponsored by the [[Smithsonian Institution]] and [[National Geographic Society]].
* [[March 31]]
**[[Serbia]] accepts [[Austria]]n control over [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]].
**[[RMS Titanic|Titanic]] laid down.
===April===
* April 4 - Sport Club Internacional is founded, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
* [[April 6]] - [[Robert Peary]], [[Matthew Henson]], and four [[Eskimo]] explorers allegedly reach the [[North Pole]].
* [[April 18]] - [[Joan of Arc]] is beatified in [[Rome]].
* [[April 27]] - [[Ottoman dynasty|Sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] [[Abdul Hamid II]] is overthrown and succeeded by his brother, [[Mehmed V]]. He was sent to the Ottoman port city of [[Thessaloniki]] (Selanik) next day.
===May===
*[[May 13]] - [[Italy|Italian]] [[cycling|cyclist]] [[Luigi Ganna]] wins the first [[Giro d'Italia]] in [[Milan]].
===June===
* [[June 1]] - The [[Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition]] opens in [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]].
* [[June 2]] - [[Alfred Deakin]] becomes [[Prime Minister of Australia]] for the third time.
* [[June 9]] - [[Alice Huyler Ramsey]], a 22-year-old housewife and mother from [[Hackensack, New Jersey]], becomes the first woman to drive across the United States. With three female companions, none of whom could drive a car, for fifty-nine days she drives a [[Maxwell automobile]] 3,800 miles, from [[Manhattan, New York]] to [[San Francisco, California]].
* [[June 15]] - Representatives from [[England]], [[Australia]] and [[South Africa]] meet at [[Lord's Cricket Ground|Lord's]] and form the [[International Cricket Council|Imperial Cricket Conference]].
* [[June 22]] - Construction begins on the [[Cape Cod Canal]], which would separate [[Cape Cod]] from mainland [[Massachusetts]], [[United States]].
===July===
* [[July 13]] - [[Gold]] discovered near [[Cochrane, Ontario]].
* [[July 16]] - A [[revolution]] forces [[Mohammad Ali Shah]], [[List of kings of Persia|Persian Shah]] of the [[Qajar dynasty]] to abdicate in favor of his son [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]]. He proceeds in leaving [[Iran|Persia]] for [[Imperial Russia]], reportedly seeking the assistance of [[Nicholas II of Russia]] in regaining the throne.
* [[July 25]] - [[Louis Bleriot]] is the first man to fly across the [[English Channel]] in a heavier-than-air craft.
*[[July 26]] - Work on the anti-aircraft gun commences.
===August===
* [[August 8]] - Launching of [[The Rosicrucian Fellowship]] at [[Seattle, Washington]].
*[[August 9]] -Ridgefield, a small town in the state of Washington was founded.
*[[August 12]] - The first event is held at [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]].
*[[August 23]] - Welshman [[Tenby Davies|Fred ‘Tenby’ Davies]] beats Irishman Bert Day at [[Pontypridd]] to become world champion over the half-mile distance run.
===September===
* [[September 4]] - [[Japan]] and [[Qing]] signed [[Gando Convention| Jiandao/Gando Treaty]], which gave [[Imperial Japan]] a way to receive [[railroad]] concessions in [[Manchuria]].
===October===
*October - The Trade Boards Act, a form of [[Minimum wage]] legislation, is passed in the UK.
* [[October 8]]
**<!---October 8--->The first [[rugby football]] match played in [[Twickenham]]
*[[October 8]]
**<!---October 8--->An earthquake in the [[Zagreb]] area leads [[Andrija Mohorovičić]] to identify the [[Mohorovičić discontinuity]].
* [[October 13]] - Agreement by Germany, Italy and Switzerland giving the Germans and Italians access to the [[Gotthard Rail Tunnel|St. Gotthard Railway tunnel]]
* [[October 26]] - Korean nationalist [[An Jung-geun]] assassinates [[Ito Hirobumi]], a [[List of Prime Ministers of Japan|former Prime Minister of Japan]], in [[Harbin]], [[China]], in protest of the [[Annexation#Korea|Japanese annexation of Korea]].
===November===
* November - First edition of [[Max Heindel]]'s ''magnum opus'' ''[[The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception]]''.
* [[November 2]] - [[Lambda Chi Alpha]] fraternity is founded at [[Boston University]].
* [[November 11]] - [[US Navy]] founds a navy base in [[Pearl Harbor, Hawaii]].
* [[November 13]] - [[Richard Ballinger|Ballinger]]-[[Gifford Pinchot|Pinchot]] scandal begins: ''[[Collier's magazine]]'' accuses US Secretary of the Interior Richard Ballinger of questionable dealings in [[Alaska]]n [[coal]] fields.
* [[November 18]] - Two [[United States]] warships are sent to [[Nicaragua]] after 500 revolutionaries (including two Americans) are executed by order of dictator [[Jose Santos Zelaya]].
===December===
* [[December 4]]
**The first [[Grey Cup]] Championship game is played.
**The [[Montreal Canadiens]] Hockey Club is founded.
**The [[University of Bristol]] is founded and receives its [[Royal Charter]].
* [[December 17]] - [[Leopold II of Belgium]] dies and is succeeded by his nephew [[Albert I of Belgium]].
* [[December 31]] - [[Manhattan Bridge]] opens.
===Undated===
* [[Karl Landsteiner]] develops system of [[Blood type|blood grouping]].
*Opening of [[Leon's]], [[Canada|Canadian]] furniture store.
* The laboratory of [[Paul Ehrlich]] creates the [[Arsphenamine|Salvarsan]] treatment for [[syphilis]].
* Centennial anniversary is held for [[Miami University]] (Ohio).
* [[American Issue Publishing House]] of [[Anti-Saloon League]] is incorporated.
*Building of the modern city of [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]], begins; it is known initially as [[Ahuzat Bayit]].
==Ongoing==
*[[Unification of Saudi Arabia]]
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 42}}
===January-February===
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*[[January 1]] - [[Barry Goldwater]], American politician (d. [[1998]])
*[[January 3]] - [[Victor Borge]], Danish entertainer (d. [[2000]])
*[[January 4]] - [[J. R. Simplot]], American businessman (d. [[2008]])
*[[January 5]] - [[Stephen Cole Kleene]], American mathematician (d. [[1994]])
*[[January 8]] - [[Willy Millowitsch]], German actor (d. [[1999]])
*[[January 9]] - [[Anthony Mamo]], Maltese President (1974-1976) (d. [[2008]])
*[[January 13]] - [[Marinus van der Lubbe]], Dutch communist accused of setting fire to the Reichstag (d. [[1934]])
*[[January 15]]
**<!--January 15-->[[Jean Bugatti]], German-born automobile designer (d. [[1939]])
**<!--January 15-->[[Gene Krupa]], American drummer (d. [[1973]])
*[[January 16]] - [[Clement Greenberg]], American art critic (d. [[1994]])
*[[January 19]] - [[Hans Hotter]], German bass-baritone (d. [[2003]])
*[[January 21]] - [[Todor Skalovski]], Macedonian composer (d. [[2004]])
*[[January 22]]
**<!--January 22-->[[Ann Sothern]], American actress (d. [[2001]])
**<!--January 22-->[[U Thant]], Burmese [[United Nations Secretary General]] (d. [[1974]])
*[[January 24]] - [[Martin Lings]], British Islamic scholar (d. [[2005]])
*[[February 1]] - [[George Beverly Shea]], American gospel singer and Songwriter
*[[February 3]] - [[Simone Weil]], French philosopher (d. [[1943]])
*[[February 9]]
**[[Carmen Miranda]], Portuguese-born actress and singer (d. [[1955]])
**[[Dean Rusk]], [[United States Secretary of State]] (d. [[1994]])
**[[Harald Genzmer]], German composer (d. [[2007]])
*[[February 11]]
**[[Max Baer (boxer)|Max Baer]], American boxer and actor (d. [[1959]])
**[[Joseph Mankiewicz]], American filmmaker (d. [[1993]])
*[[February 15]]
**[[Guillermo Gorostiza Paredes]], Spanish footballer (d. [[1966]])
*[[February 16]] - [[Hugh Beaumont (actor)|Hugh Beaumont]] (d. [[1982]])
**[[Miep Gies]], Dutch friend and biographer of [[Anne Frank]]
*[[February 18]] - [[Wallace Stegner]], American writer (d. [[1993]])
*[[February 19]] - [[Enrico Donati]], Italian-born American painter (d. [[2008]])
*[[February 21]] - [[Hans Erni]], Swiss painter and sculptor
*[[February 22]] - [[Edmund Berkeley]], American scientist (d. [[1988]])
*[[February 24]] - [[August Derleth]], American writer (d. [[1971]])
*[[February 26]] - King [[Talal of Jordan]] (d. [[1972]])
===March-April===
* [[March 2]] - [[Mel Ott]], baseball player (d. [[1958]])
* [[March 4]] - [[Harry Helmsley]], American real estate entrepreneur (d. [[1997]])
* [[March 19]] - [[Louis Hayward]], South African-born actor (d. [[1985]])
* [[March 22]] - [[Gabrielle Roy]], Canadian author (d. [[1983]])
* [[March 27]] - [[Golo Mann]], German historian (d. [[1994]])
*[[April 6]] - [[William M. Branham]] Christian minister (d. [[1965]])
*[[April 7]] - [[Robert Charroux]], French writer (d. [[1978]])
*[[April 8]] - [[John Fante]], American writer of Italian descent (d. [[1983]])
*[[April 13]] - [[Stanislaw Marcin Ulam]], Polish-born mathematician (d. [[1984]])
*[[April 22]] - [[Rita Levi-Montalcini]], Italian neurologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
*[[April 25]] - [[William Pereira]], American architect (d. [[1985]])
*[[April 30]]
**<!--April 30-->Queen [[Juliana of the Netherlands]] (d. [[2004]])
**<!--April 30-->[[F. E. McWilliam]], Northern Irish sculptor (d. [[1992]])
===May-June===
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* [[May 6]] - [[Loyd Sigmon]], American [[Amateur radio|amateur ("ham") radio]] broadcastor (d. [[2004]])
* [[May 7]] - [[Edwin H. Land]], American camera inventor (d. [[1991]])
* [[May 10]] - [[Maybelle Carter|Mother Maybelle Carter]], American musician (d. [[1978]])
* [[May 15]] - [[James Mason]], British actor (d. [[1984]])
* [[May 18]] - [[Fred Perry]], English tennis player (d. [[1995]])
* [[May 19]] - [[Nicholas Winton]], British humanitarian
* [[May 20]] - [[Matt Busby]], Scottish football manager ([[Manchester United]]) (d. [[1994]])
* [[May 23]] - [[Hugh E. Blair]], American linguist (d. [[1967]])
* [[May 24]] - [[Victoria Hopper]], Blonde Canadian stage and film actress and singer (d. [[2007]])
* [[May 27]] - [[Dolores Hope]], American singer, wife of [[Bob Hope]]
* [[May 30]] - [[Benny Goodman]], American musician (d. [[1986]])
* [[June 3]] - [[Ira D. Wallach]], American businessman and philanthropist (d. [[2007]])
* [[June 6]] - [[Isaiah Berlin]], Russian historian of ideas (d. [[1997]])
* [[June 7]] - [[Jessica Tandy]], English actress (d. [[1994]])
* [[June 12]] - [[Archie Bleyer]], American song arranger & band leader (d. [[1989]])
* [[June 14]] - [[Burl Ives]], American singer (d. [[1995]])
* [[June 17]] - [[Elmer Lee Andersen]], Governor of Minnesota (d. [[2004]])
* [[June 20]] - [[Errol Flynn]], Australian actor (d. [[1959]])
* [[June 26]] - Colonel [[Tom Parker]], Dutch-born celebrity manager (d. [[1997]])
===July-August===
* [[July 3]] - [[Earl Butz]], Former [[United States Secretary of Agriculture]] under Presidents [[Richard Nixon]] and [[Gerald Ford]] (d. [[2008]])
* [[July 11]] - [[Fritz Leonhardt]], German structural engineer (d. [[1999]])
* [[July 18]] - [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]], [[President of Afghanistan]] (d. [[1978]])
* [[July 23]] - [[John William Finn]], World War II hero
* [[July 28]] - [[Malcolm Lowry]], British novelist (d. [[1957]])
* [[July 30]] - [[C. Northcote Parkinson]], British historian and author (d. [[1993]])
*[[August 9]] - [[Adam von Trott zu Solz]], German lawyer and diplomat (d. [[1944]])
*[[August 10]] - [[Leo Fender]], One of the most influential people in the development of electrical instruments (d. [[1991]])
*[[August 25]]
**<!--August 25-->[[Ruby Keeler]], Canadian singer and actress (d. [[1993]])
**<!--August 25-->[[Michael Rennie]], English actor (d. [[1971]])
*[[August 26]] - [[Jim Davis (actor)|Jim Davis]], American actor (d. [[1981]])
*[[August 31]] - [[Ferenc Fejtő]], Hungarian-born French journalist and political scientist (d. [[2008]])
===September-October===
* [[September 1]] - [[E. Herbert Norman]], Canadian diplomat (d. [[1957]])
* [[September 7]] - [[Elia Kazan]], Hungarian-born film director (d. [[2003]])
* [[September 14]] - [[Peter Scott]], British ornithologist and painter (d. [[1989]])
* [[September 15]] - [[Jean Batten]], New Zealand aviator (d. [[1982]])
* [[September 17]] - [[Ernie Koy]], former baseball player (d. [[2007]])
* [[September 21]] - [[Kwame Nkrumah]], Ghanaian politician (d. [[1972]])
* [[September 24]] - [[Carl Sigman]], American songwriter (d. [[2000]])
* [[September 28]] - [[Al Capp]], American cartoonist (d. [[1979]])
* [[October 5]] - [[Tony Malinosky]], former baseball player
* [[October 10]] - [[Robert F. Boyle]], American production designer and art director
* [[October 14]] - [[Bernd Rosemeyer]], German race car driver (d. [[1938]])
* [[October 19]] - [[Cozy Cole]], American jazz drummer (d. [[1981]])
* [[October 24]] - [[Bill Carr]], American athlete (d. [[1966]])
* [[October 27]] - [[Henry Townsend]], American blues musician (d. [[2006]])
* [[October 28]] - [[Francis Bacon (painter)|Francis Bacon]], Irish painter (d. [[1992]])
===November-December===
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* [[November 4]] - [[Skeeter Webb]], baseball player (d. [[1986]])
* [[November 9]] - [[Kay Thompson]], American author and actress. (d. [[1998]])
* [[November 10]] - [[Pawel Jasienica]], Polish historian (d. [[1970]])
* [[November 18]] - [[Johnny Mercer]], American songwriter (d. [[1976]])
* [[November 22]] - [[Mikhail Mil]], Russian constructor of Mil helicopters and founder of the [[Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant]] (d. [[1970]])
* [[November 23]] - [[Nigel Tranter]], Scottish historian and writer (d. [[2000]])
* [[November 24]] - [[Gerhard Gentzen]], German mathematician (d. [[1945]])
* [[November 26]] - [[Eugene Ionesco]], Romanian-born playwright (d. [[1994]])
* [[November 27]] - [[James Agee]], American writer (d. [[1955]])
*[[December 4]] - [[Jimmy Jewel]], English actor (d. [[1995]])
*[[December 14]] - [[Edward Lawrie Tatum]], American geneticist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1975]])
*[[December 16]] - [[Emil Mailho]], former baseball player (d. [[2007]])
* [[December 20]]
**<!--December 20-->[[Vakkom Majeed]], Indian [[freedom fighter]], [[Travancore-Cochin]] Legislative member (d. [[2000]])
**<!--December 20-->[[Vagn Holmboe]], Danish composer (d. [[1996]])
*[[December 21]] - [[Seicho Matsumoto]], Japanese mystery writer and journalist (d. [[1992]])
*[[December 22]] - [[Alan Carney]], American actor (d. [[1973]])
*[[December 23]]
**<!--December 23-->[[Barney Ross]], American boxer (d. [[1967]])
**<!--December 23-->[[Donald Coggan]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (d. [[2000]])
*[[December 23]] - [[Giulio Racah]], Israeli mathematician and physicist (d. [[1965]])
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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*[[January 8]] - [[Harry Seeley]], palaeontologist (b. [[1839]])
*[[January 10]] - [[Charles Vernon Culver]], US politician (b. [[1830]])
* [[January 12]] - [[Hermann Minkowski]], German mathematician (b. [[1864]])
* [[January 14]] - [[Arthur William a Beckett]], British journalist (b. [[1844]])
*[[January 15]] - [[Saint Arnold Janssen]] (b.[[1837]])
* [[February 17]] - [[Geronimo]], Apache leader (b. [[1829]])
*[[March 16]] - [[Wilbraham Egerton, 1st Earl Egerton of Tatton]], chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal. (b. [[1832]])
* [[April 10]] - [[Algernon Charles Swinburne]], English poet (b. [[1837]])
* [[April 28]] - [[Frederick Holbrook]], Vermont governor (b. [[1813]])
*[[May 10]] - [[Futabatei Shimei]], author and translator (b. [[1864]])
* [[May 18]] - [[Isaac Albéniz]], Spanish composer (b. [[1860]])
* [[June 24]] - [[Sarah Orne Jewett]], American writer (b. [[1849]])
===July - December===
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* [[July 18]] - [[Carlos, Duke of Madrid]] (b. [[1848]])
*[[July 19]] - [[Arai Ikunosuke]], samurai (b. [[1836]])
*[[August 5]] - [[Miguel Antonio Caro]], Colombian political leader (b. [[1843]])
* [[August 15]] - [[Euclides da Cunha]], Brazilian author (b.[[1866]])
* [[August 27]] - [[Emil Christian Hansen]], Danish fermentation physiologist (b. [[1842]])
*[[September 2]] - [[Louis Delacenserie]], Belgian architect (b. [[1838]])
*[[September 4]] - [[Clyde Fitch]], American dramatist (b. [[1865]])
*[[September 27]] - [[Gyula Donáth]], sculptor (b. [[1850]])
*[[September 29]] - [[Vladimir Vidrić]], poet (b. [[1875]])
* [[October 26]] - [[Ito Hirobumi]], 1st [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (assassinated) (b. [[1841]])
*[[November 9]] - [[William Powell Frith]], painter (b. [[1819]])
* [[December 10]] - [[Red Cloud]]
*[[December 15]] - [[Francisco Tárrega]], guitarist and composer (b. [[1852]])
* [[December 17]] - [[Leopold II of Belgium]] (b. [[1835]])
* [[December 26]] - [[Frederic Remington]], cowboy artist and sculptor (b. [[1864]])
*''date unknown'' - [[Gideon T. Stewart]], American educator and politician (b. [[1824]])
==[[Nobel Prize]]s==
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Guglielmo Marconi]], [[Karl Ferdinand Braun]] for the development of wireless telegraphy (radio).
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - [[Wilhelm Ostwald]] for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria, and reaction velocities.
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] - [[Emil Theodor Kocher]] for his work on the physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland.
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] - [[Selma Lagerlöf]] ("in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings").
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - [[Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert]] and [[Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant]].
==See also==
* Related subjects: [[automobile]], [[safari]], [[Suez Canal]].
==External links==
{{commonscat}}
==Table of contents==
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[[Category:1909| ]]
[[af:1909]]
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