1910s
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/* Others */ Spanish flu
{{Unreferenced|date=April 2008}}
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{{Decadebox|191}}
The '''1910s''' decade ran from January 1, 1910 through December 31, 1919.
==Events and trends==
The 1910s represent the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the nineteenth Century. The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade, as well as the legacy of military alliances, would forever be changed by the assassination of Archduke [[Franz Ferdinand]], heir to the Austrian throne, on [[28 June]] [[1914]]. The murder would trigger a chain of events in which, within 30 days, war would break out in [[Europe]]. The conflict would drag on until a ceasefire was declared on November 10, 1918 leading to the controversial, one-sided Treaty of Versailles, which would be signed on the 28 June 1919.
The war's end triggered the abdication of aging monarchies and the collapse of the last modern empires of Germany and the Ottomans and Austria-Hungary, the latter splintered into Austria, Hungary, southern Poland (who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia), Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia. However, each of these states (with the possible exception of Yugoslavia) had large German and Hungarian minorities, there creating some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades.
The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries. [[Mexico]] spear-headed the trend in November 1910, which led to the ousting of dictator [[Porfirio Diaz]], developing into a civil war that dragged on until mid-1920, not long after a new Mexican constitution was signed and ratified. Russia also had a similar fate, since the Great War led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos. This atmosphere encouraged the establishment of [[Bolshevism]], which would be later renamed as [[Communism]]. Like the Mexican Revolution, the Russian Revolution immediately turned to civil war that would drag on until approximately late 1920.
===Technology===
* [[Gideon Sundback]] patents the first modern [[zipper]]
* [[Harry Brearley]] invents [[stainless steel]]
* [[Charles P. Strite]] invents first pop-up bread [[toaster]]
* [[Ford Model T]] dominates the [[automobile]] market, selling more than all other makers combined in 1914
* The [[tank]] was invented
===Science===
* [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]]'s theory of [[general relativity]]
* [[Max von Laue]] discovers the [[diffraction]] of [[x-ray]]s by [[crystal]]s
* [[Alfred Wegener]] puts forward his theory of [[continental drift]]
===War, peace, and politics===
* On 20 November 1910, the Mexican Revolution leads to the ouster of Porfirio Díaz (who ruled from 1876-1880 and since 1884) six months later. The Revolution progressively becomes a civil war with multiple factions and phases, culminating with the [[Mexican Constitution of 1917]], but combat would persist for three more years.
* [[Assassination]] of [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand]] of [[Austria-Hungary]] leads to [[World War I]]
* [[October Revolution]] in [[Russia]] leads to the first [[Communism|Communist]] government; assassination of Emperor [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] and the royal family
* Several nations in Eastern Europe get their own nation state, thereby replacing major multiethnic empires.
* [[Easter Rising]] against the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] in [[Ireland]]; eventually leads to [[Irish Free State|Irish independence]]
* The [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] in [[India]] sows the seeds of discontent and leads to the birth of the [[Indian Independence Movement]].
* [[Xinhai Revolution]] causes the overthrow of [[China]]'s ruling [[Qing Dynasty]], and the establishment of the [[Republic of China]].
* [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]] becomes king in Britain.
* The [[Triple Alliance]] and [[Triple Entente]] are started.
* The [[First World War]] (1914-1918).
* [[Germany]] signs the [[Treaty of Versailles]] after losing the first world war.
* Germany abolishes its monarchy and becomes under the rule of a new elected government called the [[Weimar Republic]].
===Culture and religion===
* [[Radio programming]] becomes popular
* [[Flying Squadron]] promotes [[temperance movement]] in the U.S.
* [[Edith Smith Davis]] edits the [[Temperance Educational Quarterly]].
* The first [[United States|U.S.]] [[feature film]], ''[[Oliver Twist]]'', was released in 1912
* The first [[gangster]] [[movie]], [[D. W. Griffith]]'s ''The Musketeers of Pig Alley'' was released in 1912
* [[Hollywood]] replaces the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] as the center of the [[movie]] industry
* [[Charlie Chaplin]] débuts his trademark mustached, baggy-pants 'Little Tramp' character in ''Kid Auto Races At Venice'' in 1914
* The first [[African-American]] owned studio, [[The Lincoln Motion Picture Company]], was founded in 1917
* The four [[Warner Bros.|Warner brothers]], Jack, Albert, Harry and Samuel, opened their first [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] studio in 1918
* First [[Crossword|Crossword Puzzle]]
* [[Jazz]] music begins to become popular
* The [[Salvation Army]] has a new international leader, General [[Bramwell Booth]] who served from 1912-1929. He replaces his father and co-founder of the [[Christian Mission]] (the forerunner of the Salvation Army), [[William Booth]].
===Literature and arts===
{{See also|List of years in literature#1910s}}
* [[D. H. Lawrence]] publishes ''[[Sons and Lovers]]''
* ''[[Of Human Bondage]]'' by [[Somerset Maugham]] is published
* ''[[Tarzan of the Apes]]'' by [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]] is published
* [[Zane Grey]]'s ''[[Wild Fire]]'' is published
* ''[[Dubliners]]'' and ''[[A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man]]'' by [[James Joyce]] are published
* ''[[Pygmalion (play)|Pygmalion]]'' by [[George Bernard Shaw]] is published
* [[Thomas Mann]] publishes ''[[Death in Venice]]''
* [[Willa Cather]] publishes 4 books
* End of [[Art Nouveau]] and beginning of [[Art Deco]]
===Others===
[[Image:Stöwer Titanic.jpg|thumb|Sinking of the [[RMS Titanic|Titanic]].]]
* The [[ocean liner]] [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']] strikes an [[iceberg]] in the North Atlantic in 1912, and sinks on its maiden voyage.
* The [[Panama Canal]] is completed 1914
* 1916 [[Olympic Games]] cancelled because of [[World War I]]
* From 1918 through 1920 the [[Spanish flu]] kills 20 to 100 million people worldwide.
==World leaders==
* Prime Minister [[Andrew Fisher]] ([[Australia]])
* Prime Minister [[Joseph Cook]] ([[Australia]])
* Prime Minister [[Billy Hughes]] ([[Australia]])
* Emperor [[Franz Josef of Austria|Franz Josef]] ([[Austria-Hungary]])
* Emperor [[Karl of Austria|Karl]] ([[Austria-Hungary]])
* Prime Minister Sir [[Robert Borden]] ([[Canada]])
* Emperor [[Henry Pu Yi]] of the [[Qing Dynasty]] ([[China]])
*[[Sun Yat-sen]], [[President of the Republic of China]]
*[[Yuan Shikai]], [[President of the Republic of China]] and briefly [[Table of Chinese monarchs|Emperor]].
*[[Xu Shichang]], [[President of the Republic of China]]
* Emperor [[Wilhelm II of Germany|Wilhelm II]] ([[German Empire]])
* Chancellor [[Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg]] ([[German Empire]])
* King [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]] ([[Italy]])
* Pope [[Pius X]]
* Pope [[Benedict XV]]
* Sultan Vahidettin ([[Ottoman Empire]])
* [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]] of [[Qajar dynasty]] ([[Persia]])
* Emperor [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] ([[Russia]])
* [[Vladimir Lenin]] ([[Soviet Union]])
* King [[Alfonso XIII]] ([[Spain]])
* Prime Minister [[José Canalejas]] ([[Spain]])
* Prime Minister [[Eduardo Dato Iradier]] ([[Spain]])
* King [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]] ([[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]])
* Prime Minister [[H. H. Asquith]] ([[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]])
* Prime Minister [[David Lloyd George]] ([[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]])
* President [[William Howard Taft]] ([[United States]])
* President [[Woodrow Wilson]] ([[United States]])
==Entertainers==
*[[Fatty Arbuckle]]
*[[Theda Bara]]
*[[Richard Barthelmess]]
*[[Béla Bartók]]
*[[Irving Berlin]]
*[[Ben Black]]
*[[Eubie Blake]]
*[[Shelton Brooks]]
*[[Lew Brown]]
*[[Tom Brown (trombonist)|Tom Brown]]
*[[Anne Caldwell]]
*[[Eddie Cantor]]
*[[Enrico Caruso]]
*[[Charlie Chaplin]]
*[[George M. Cohan]]
*[[Henry Creamer]]
*[[Bebe Daniels]]
*[[Cecil B. DeMille]]
*[[Buddy De Sylva]]
*[[Walter Donaldson]]
*[[Marie Dressler]]
*[[Eddie Edwards]]
*[[Gus Edwards (songwriter)|Gus Edwards]]
*[[Douglas Fairbanks]]
*[[Fred Fisher]]
*[[John Ford (film director)|John Ford]]
*[[George Gershwin]]
*[[Beniamino Gigli]]
*[[Dorothy Gish]]
*[[Lillian Gish]]
*[[Samuel Goldwyn]]
*[[D. W. Griffith]]
*[[W. C. Handy]]
*[[Otto Harbach]]
*[[Lorenz Hart]]
*[[Victor Herbert]]
*[[Charles Ives]]
*[[Tony Jackson]]
*[[Emil Jannings]]
*[[William Jerome]]
*[[Al Jolson]]
*[[Gus Kahn]]
*[[Gustave Kahn]]
*[[Buster Keaton]]
*[[Jerome David Kern]]
*[[Ring Lardner]]
*[[Nick LaRocca]]
*[[Harry Lauder]]
*[[Florence Lawrence]]
*[[Ted Lewis (musician)|Ted Lewis]]
*[[Harold Lloyd]]
*[[Charles McCarron]]
*[[Joseph McCarthy (composer)|Joseph McCarthy]]
*[[Winsor McCay]]
*[[Oscar Micheaux]]
*[[Mae Murray]]
*[[Alla Nazimova]]
*[[Pola Negri]]
*[[Anna Q. Nilsson]]
*[[Ivor Novello]]
*[[Alcide Nunez]]
*[[Geoffrey O'Hara]]
*[[Sidney Olcott]]
*[[Jack Pickford]]
*[[Mary Pickford]]
*[[Armand J. Piron]]
*[[Cole Porter]]
*[[Richard Rodgers]]
*[[Sigmund Romberg]]
*[[Jean Schwartz]]
*[[Mack Sennett]]
*[[Larry Shields]]
*[[Chris Smith (composer)|Chris Smith]]
*[[Erich von Stroheim]]
*[[Arthur Sullivan]]
*[[Gloria Swanson]]
*[[Wilber Sweatman]]
*[[Blanche Sweet]]
*[[Albert Von Tilzer]]
*[[Harry Von Tilzer]]
*[[Sophie Tucker]]
*[[Pete Wendling]]
*[[Pearl White]]
*[[Bert Williams]]
*[[Clarence Williams]]
*[[Harry Williams (songwriter)|Harry Williams]]
*[[Spencer Williams]]
*[[P. G. Wodehouse]]
[[Category:1910s| ]]
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[[ar:عقد 1910]]
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[[cv:1910-мĕш çулсем]]
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[[ia:1910s]]
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[[is:1911-1920]]
[[it:Anni 1910]]
[[jv:1910-an]]
[[ka:1910-იანები]]
[[kk:1910 жж.]]
[[la:Decennium 192]]
[[lt:XX amžiaus 2-as dešimtmetis]]
[[hu:1910-es évek]]
[[mr:इ.स.चे १९१० चे दशक]]
[[ms:1910-an]]
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[[nl:1910-1919]]
[[ja:1910年代]]
[[no:1910-årene]]
[[nn:1910-åra]]
[[nrm:Annaées 1910]]
[[uz:1910-lar]]
[[pl:Lata 1910-1919]]
[[pt:Década de 1910]]
[[ksh:1910-er Joohre]]
[[ro:Anii 1910]]
[[ru:1910-е]]
[[se:1910-lohku]]
[[sq:Vitet 1910]]
[[scn:1910ini]]
[[simple:1910s]]
[[sk:10. roky 20. storočia]]
[[sl:1910.]]
[[sr:1910е]]
[[su:1910-an]]
[[fi:1910-luku]]
[[sv:1910-talet]]
[[ta:1910கள்]]
[[tt:1910. yıllar]]
[[uk:1910-ті]]
[[wa:Anêyes 1910]]
[[zh-yue:1910年代]]
[[zh:1910年代]]