1919
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robot Modifying: [[so:1919]]
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{{year nav|1919}}
{{C20YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1919''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Tuesday]]<ref><!--
--> "Calendar in year 1919 ([[Romania]])" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage: <!--
--> [http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/index.html?year=1919&country=19 Julian-1919]<!--
--> (Romania used Julian in 1919, when Russia adopted Gregorian).
</ref>
of the 13-day-slower [[Julian calendar]]).
<!-- 13-say span=Mon-Sun,Tue-Mon,Wed-Tue,Thu-Wed,Fr-Th,Sa-Fr,Sun-Sat
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{{C20YearTOC}}
==Events of 1919==
===January===
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[[Image:Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg|thumb|200px|right| [[January 1]]: ''[[Iolaire]]'' sinks.]]
* [[January 1]]
** In [[Scotland]], ''[[HMS]] [[Iolaire]]'' sinks on the rocks: 205 die.
** [[Edsel Ford]] succeeds his father as head of the [[Ford Motor Company]].
** [[Spartacist uprising]]: Socialist demonstrations in [[Berlin]], [[Germany]] turn into an attempted communist revolution.
* [[January 7]] - [[Estonian War of Independence|Estonian Freedom War]]: [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Red Army|Army]] meet resistance from [[Estonia]]n forces.
* [[January 9]] - [[Friedrich Ebert]] orders the [[Freikorps]] into action.
* [[January 10]]-[[January 12]] - The Freikorps attacks Spartacus supporters around Berlin.
* [[January 11]] - [[Romania]] annexes [[Transylvania]].
* [[January 13]] - Worker's councils in Berlin end the [[general strike]]; Spartacus week is over.
* [[January 15]]
** [[Rosa Luxemburg]] and [[Karl Liebknecht]] are murdered following the Spartacus uprising.
** [[Boston molasses disaster|The Boston Molasses Disaster]]: A wave of [[molasses]] sweeps through Boston, killing 21 and injuring 150.
** [[Ignacy Jan Paderewski]] becomes Premier of [[Poland]].
* [[January 16]] - The [[United States Constitution/Amendment Eighteen|18th Amendment]], authorizing [[Prohibition]], goes into effect in the [[United States]].
* [[January 18]] - [[World War I]]: A [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|peace conference]] opens in [[Versailles]], [[France]].
* [[January 18]] - [[Bentley Motors Limited|Bentley]] Motors is founded.
* [[January 21]] - the First [[Dáil Éireann]] meets in the [[Mansion House, Dublin|Mansion House]] in Dublin.
*[[January 21]] - ambush of police at [[Soloheadbeg]] marks the beginning of the [[Irish War of Independence]].
* [[January 23]] - The [[Uprising of Khotin]] breaks out in [[Khotyn]], [[Ukraine]].
* [[January 25]] - The [[League of Nations]] is founded.
* [[January 31]] - [[1919 Battle of George Square]].
* [[Estonian War of Independence|Estonian Freedom War]]: The [[Red Army]] is expelled from the entire territory of [[Estonia]].
[[Image:1919 Battle of George Square - David Kirkwood.jpg|thumb|[[David Kirkwood]] being detained by police during the [[1919 Battle of George Square]]]]
===February===
* [[February 3]] - Soviet troops occupy the [[Ukraine]].
* [[February 11]] - [[Friedrich Ebert]] (SPD), is elected President of Germany.
* [[February 14]] - The [[Polish-Soviet War]] begins.
* [[February 23]] - The [[Fascist Party]] is formed in Italy by [[Benito Mussolini]].
* [[February 25]] - [[Oregon]] places a 1 cent per US gallon (.26 ¢/L) [[taxation|tax]] on [[gasoline]], becoming the first [[U.S. state]] to levy a [[gasoline tax]].
* [[February 26]] - An act of the [[United States Congress]] establishes most of the [[Grand Canyon]] as a [[United States National Park]] (see [[Grand Canyon National Park]]).
* [[February 26]] - The [[Baylor University Chamber of Commerce]] is founded under its original name, The [[Baylor]] Business Men's Club.
===March===
* [[March 1]] - [[March 1st Movement]] against [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese colonial rule]] in [[Korea]].
* [[March 2]] - The first [[Communist International]] meets in [[Moscow]].
* [[March 3]] - The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] upholds the conviction of [[Charles Schenck]].
* [[March 9]] - The 1919 Revolution breaks out in [[Egypt]].
* [[March 15]] - The [[American Legion]] forms in [[Paris]].
* [[March 21]] - The [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]] is established by [[Béla Kun]].
* [[March 23]] - In [[Milan]], [[Italy]], [[Benito Mussolini]] founds his [[Fascism|Fascist]] political movement.
* [[March 31]] - A general strike begins in the [[Ruhr]].
===April===
* [[April 6]]-[[April 7]] - The [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]] is founded.
* [[April 13]] - At the [[Amritsar Massacre]] in the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] in [[India]], [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Gurkha]] [[troop]]s [[Wiktionary:massacre|massacre]] 379 Sikhs.
* [[April 14]] - The Emperor of Austria moves to exile in Switzerland.
* [[April 23]] - The [[Constituent Assembly]] of [[Estonia]] convenes its first session.
* [[April 25]]
** The [[Bauhaus]] movement is founded.
** [[ANZAC day]] is celebrated for the first time in Australia.
**[[Pancho Villa]] takes [[Parral, Chihuahua|Parral]] in Mexico, and hangs the mayor and his two sons.
* [[April 30]] - Several bombs are intercepted in the first wave of the [[1919 United States anarchist bombings]].
===May===
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* [[May 1]]
** Large left-wing demonstration in France leads to a violent confrontation with the police
** [[May Day Riots of 1919|Riots]] break out in [[Cleveland, Ohio]]; 2 people are killed, 40 injured, and 116 arrested.
* [[May 3]] - [[Weimar Republic]] troops and [[Freikorps]] occupy [[Munich]] and crush the [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]].
* [[May 4]] - The [[May Fourth Movement]] opposes foreign colonizers in China.
* [[May 5]] - The League of Red Cross Societies is founded in Paris
* [[May 9]] - In [[Belgium]] a new electoral law introduced [[universal manhood suffrage]] and gave the franchise to certain classes of women.
* [[May 15]] - [[Winnipeg, Manitoba|Winnipeg]] workers launch a [[Winnipeg general strike of 1919|general strike]] for better wages and working conditions.
* [[May 16]]
** A [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company|Curtiss]] aircraft [[NC-4]] commanded by [[Albert Cushing Read]] departs Trepassey, [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]], for [[Lisbon]] via the [[Azores]] on the first [[transatlantic]] flight
** An [[Hellenic Army]] lands at [[İzmir|Smyrna]].
* [[May 17]] - A Committee of One Thousand forms to oppose the [[Winnipeg General Strike]].
* [[May 19]] - [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] lands at [[Samsun]] on the [[Anatolia]]n [[Black Sea]] coast, initiating what was later termed the [[Turkish War of Independence]]. The anniversary of this event is the official commemoration date of the [[Pontic Greek Genocide]] in [[Greece]] and [[Cyprus]].
* [[May 23]] - The [[University of California]] opens its second campus in [[Los Angeles]]. Initially called Southern Branch of the University of California (SBUC), it is eventually renamed the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA).
* [[May 25]] - Volcano [[Kelut]] erupts in [[Java (island)|Java]], killing 16,000.
* [[May 29]] - [[Albert Einstein|Einstein's]] theory of [[general relativity]] is tested/confirmed by [[Arthur Eddington]]'s observation of a total [[solar eclipse]] in [[Principe]] and by [[Andrew Crommelin]] in [[Sobral, Ceará]], [[Brazil]].<ref>[http://www.firstscience.com/site/articles/coles.asp Eclipse that Changed the Universe - Einstein's Theory of Relativity<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* [[May 29]] - [[Prekmurje]] formally declares independence from [[Hungary]] ([[Republic of Prekmurje]])
* [[May 30]] - By agreement with the [[United Kingdom]], later confirmed by the [[League of Nations]], [[Belgium]] was given the mandate over part of [[German East Africa]] (Ruanda and Urundi).
===June===
* [[June 2]] - Several mail bombs are sent to prominent figures as part of the [[anarchist terrorism|1919 United States anarchist bombings]].
* [[June 4]] - [[Women's rights]]: The [[United States Congress]] approves the [[19th Amendment to the United States Constitution]], which would guarantee [[suffrage]] to [[women]], and sends it to the [[U.S. state]]s for ratification.
* [[June 6]] - The Hungarian Red Army attacks the [[Republic of Prekmurje|Prekmurian Republic]].
* [[June 14]] - [[John Alcock (aviator)|John Alcock]] and [[Arthur Whitten Brown|Arthur Brown]] depart [[St. John's, Newfoundland]] on the first nonstop transatlantic flight (they land at [[Clifden]], [[County Galway]], [[Ireland]] the next day). [http://www.aviation-history.com/airmen/alcock.htm]
* [[June 15]] - [[Pancho Villa]] attacks [[Ciudad Juárez]]. When the bullets begin to fly to the US side of the border, 2 units of the US 7th Cavalry regiment cross the border and repulse Villa's forces.
* [[June 21]]
* [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (North-West Mounted Police) fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during the [[Winnipeg General Strike]].
* Admiral [[Ludwig von Reuter]] scuttles the [[Germany|German]] fleet in [[Scapa Flow]], [[Orkney Islands|Orkney]]; 9 Germans die.
* The [[American Winged Foot Express]] catches on fire over downtown [[Chicago]]; 2 passengers, 1 crewmember and 10 people on the ground are killed; only 2 people parachute to the ground safely.<ref>[http://www.chipublib.org/004chicago/disasters/dirigible_crash.html Chicago Public Library Archive]</ref>
* [[June 23]] - [[Estonian War of Independence|Estonian Freedom War]]: [[Estonian army]] wins the [[Battle of Cēsis]] in [[Latvia|Northern Latvia]] against the [[Germany|German]] [[Baltische Landeswehr|Landeswehr]].
* [[June 28]] - The [[Treaty of Versailles]] is signed, ending [[World War I]].
===July===
* [[July 6]] - The British [[airship|dirigible]] [[R34]] lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] by an airship.
* [[July 31]] - [[Police]]men in London and Liverpool strike for recognition of the National Union of Police and Prison Officers. Over 2,000 strikers are dismissed.
===August===
* [[August 11]]
** The first NFL team for [[Wisconsin]] (The [[Green Bay Packers]]) is founded by Curly Lambeau.
** In [[Germany]], the [[Weimar Constitution]] is passed into [[law]].
* [[August 18]] - The Bolshevik fleet, at [[Kronstadt]] near [[Petrograd]], is destroyed by British aircraft and torpedo boats in a combined operation.
* [[August 19]] - [[Afghanistan]] gains independence from the [[United Kingdom]].
* [[August 16]]-[[August 26]] - [[First Silesian Uprising]]: The Poles in [[Upper Silesia]] rise against the Germans.
* [[August 31]] - The [[American Communist Party]] is established.
===September===
* [[September 10]] - The [[Treaty of Saint-Germain]] is signed, ending [[World War I]] with Austria.
* [[September 10]] - [[September 15]]: The [[1919 Florida Keys Hurricane|Florida Keys Hurricane]] kills 600 in the [[Gulf of Mexico]], [[Florida]] and [[Texas]].
* The [[Steel strike of 1919]] begins.
* [[September 23]] - [[Belenenses]] is founded.
* [[September 27]] - The last British troops leave [[Arkhangelsk|Archangel]], [[Russia]] and leave the fighting to the Russians.
* [[September 28]] - [[Omaha Riot]]: A [[lynch mob]] besieges the police station and courthouse in [[Omaha, Nebraska]], and lynches alleged black rapist Will Brown.
===October===
* [[October 1]] - The [[Elaine Race Riot]] breaks out in Arkansas.
* [[October 2]] - US President [[Woodrow Wilson]] suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially [[paralysis|paralyzed]].
* [[October 9]]
** [[Black Sox scandal]]: The [[Cincinnati Reds]] "win" the [[World Series]].
** The [[Boston Police Strike]] occurs.
* [[October 13]] - The [[Convention relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation]] is signed.
* [[October 28]] - [[Prohibition]] begins: The [[United States Congress]] passes the [[Volstead Act]] over President [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s veto.
===November===
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* [[November 10]] - The first national convention of the [[American Legion]] is held in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]] (convention ends [[November 12]]).
* [[November 11]] - The [[Centralia Massacre (Washington)|Centralia Massacre]] in [[Centralia, Washington]] results in the deaths of four members of the [[American Legion]], and the lynching of a local leader of the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] (IWW).
* [[November 16]] - Admiral Horthy conquers Budapest from [[Béla Kun]]'s Soviet Republic.
* [[November 19]] - The confirmation is announced of [[Albert Einstein|Einstein's]] [[general relativity]] theory, tested by [[Arthur Eddington]] and [[Andrew Crommelin]] in total [[solar eclipse]] on [[May 29]], 1919 [http://www.firstscience.com/site/articles/coles.asp FirstScience].
* [[November 27]] - The [[Treaty of Neuilly]] is signed between the Allies and Bulgaria.
* [[November 28]] - The American-born [[Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor|Lady Astor]] is elected to the [[British House of Commons]], becoming on [[December 1]] the first female MP to take a seat.
* [[November 30]] - Health officials declare that the global [[Spanish Flu]] [[pandemic]] has ended.
===December===
* [[December 5]] - The [[Turkey|Turkish]] Ministry of War releases [[Greeks]], [[Armenians]] and [[Jew]]s from [[conscription|military service]].
* [[December 12]] - [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], with his entourage, marches into [[Fiume]] and convinces the Italian troops to join him.
* [[December 25]] - The opening of [[Cliftonhill]] stadium in [[Coatbridge]] the home of [[Albion Rovers F.C. (Scotland)|Albion Rovers F.C.]] The match saw them lose 2 - 0 to St. Mirren.
* [[December 30]] - [[Lincoln's Inn]], in [[London]] admits its first female bar student.
===Undated===
* [[Earl W. Bascom]], rodeo cowboy and artist, along with his father John W. Bascom at [[Lethbridge]], [[Alberta]], [[Canada]], designs and makes rodeo's first reverse-opening side-delivery bucking chute, now the world standard.
* ''[[Les Champs Magnetiques]]'', the first [[surrealist automatism|automatic]] book, is written by [[Andre Breton]] and [[Philippe Soupault]].
* XWA (now CFCF), in [[Montreal, Quebec]], becomes the first public [[radio station]] in [[North America]] to go on the air.
* Various strikes in USA: Strike of US railroad workers; Longshoreman's strike; The Great Steel Strike; General strike in Seattle, Washington.
* [[Female suffrage]] is enacted in [[Germany]] and [[Luxembourg]].
* Murderer [[Henri Désiré Landru]] is arrested.
* [[Marcel Tolkowsky]]'s ''[[Diamond]] Design'' is published.
* The [[International Astronomical Union]] is founded.
* [[World League Against Alcoholism]] established by [[Anti-Saloon League]]
* The fictional character [[Ham Gravy]] debuts in [[Thimble Theatre]].
===Ongoing===
* [[Åland crisis]]
* [[Ethnic cleansing]] in [[Turkey]]: The Armenian Genocide
* [[Assyrian Genocide]] ([[1914]]–[[1922]])
* [[Pontic Greek Genocide]] ([[1916]]–[[1923]]).
== Births ==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Taishō]] 8}}
===January-February===
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*[[January 1]] - [[J. D. Salinger]], American novelist
*[[January 5]] - [[Hector Abhayavardhana]], Sri Lankan political theorist
*[[January 13]] - [[Robert Stack]], American actor (d. [[2003]])
*[[January 14]] - [[Andy Rooney]], American journalist
*[[January 15]] - [[George Cadle Price]], first Prime Minister of [[Belize]]
*[[January 23]]
**[[Hans Hass]], Austrian zoologist
**[[Ernie Kovacs]], American comedian (d. [[1962]])
**[[Bob Paisley]], British football player and manager (d. [[1996]])
*[[January 24]] - [[Leon Kirchner]], American composer
*[[January 25]] - [[Edwin Newman]], American journalist and writer
**[[Eula Beal]], American contralto
*[[January 26]] - [[Valentino Mazzola]], Italian footballer (d. [[Superga air disaster|1949]])
*[[January 27]] - [[Ross Bagdasarian]], American musician and actor (d. [[1972]])
*[[January 31]] - [[Jackie Robinson]], baseball player (d. [[1972]])
*[[February 5]]
**[[Red Buttons]], American actor (d. [[2006]])
**[[Andreas Papandreou]], [[Prime Minister of Greece]] (d. [[1996]])
*[[February 9]] - [[Langdon Brown Gilkey]] - [[United States|American]] [[Christian]] [[Protestant]] [[ecumenical]] [[theologian]] (d. [[2004]])
*[[February 11]]
**[[Eva Gabor]], Hungarian actress (d. [[1995]])
**[[Eddie Robinson (football coach)|Eddie Robinson]], American football coach (d. [[2007]])
*[[February 12]] - [[Forrest Tucker]], American actor (d. [[1986]])
*[[February 13]] - [[Tennessee Ernie Ford]], American musician (d. [[1991]])
*[[February 16]] - [[Charlie Parlato]], American musician (d. [[2007]])
*[[February 18]] - [[Jack Palance]], American actor (d. [[2006]])
*[[February 20]] - [[Joe Krol]], Canadian football player
*[[February 24]] - [[Árpád Bogsch]], Hungarian international civil servant (d. [[2004]])
*[[February 26]]
**[[Rie Mastenbroek]], Dutch swimmer (d. [[2003]])
**[[Mason Adams]], American character actor (d. [[2005]])
===March-April===
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*[[March 2]] - [[Jennifer Jones]], American actress
*[[March 4]] - [[Buck Baker]], American racecar driver (d. [[2002]])
*[[March 15]] - [[Lawrence Tierney]], American actor (d. [[2002]])
*[[March 17]] - [[Nat King Cole]], American singer (d. [[1965]])
*[[March 24]] - [[Lawrence Ferlinghetti]], American author and publisher
*[[March 24]] - [[Robert Heilbroner]], American economist (d. [[2005]])
*[[March 29]] - [[Eileen Heckart]], American actress (d. [[2001]])
*[[March 30]] - [[McGeorge Bundy]], U.S. National Security Advisor (d. [[1996]])
*[[April 1]] - [[Joseph Murray]], American surgeon, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
*[[April 8]] - [[Ian Smith]], [[Prime Minister of Rhodesia]] (d. [[2007]])
*[[April 13]] - [[Phil Tonken]], American radio and television announcer (d. [[2000]])
*[[April 19]] - [[Merce Cunningham]], American dancer and choreographer
*[[April 20]] - [[Richard Hillary]], British pilot and author (d. [[1943]])
*[[April 22]] - [[Donald J. Cram]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2001]])
===May-June===
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*[[May 1]] - [[Dan O'Herlihy]], Irish film actor (d. [[2005]])
*[[May 3]]
**[[John Cullen Murphy]], American comic strip artist (d. [[2004]])
**[[Pete Seeger]], American singer and musician
*[[May 7]] - [[Eva Perón]], wife of Argentine President [[Juan Peron]] (d. [[1952]])
*[[May 8]] - [[Lex Barker]], American actor (d. [[1973]])
*[[May 16]] - [[Liberace]], American pianist (d. [[1987]])
*[[May 17]] - [[Antonio Aguilar]], Mexican singer and actor (d. [[2007]])
*[[May 18]] - [[Margot Fonteyn]], English ballet dancer (d. [[1991]])
*[[May 20]] - [[George Gobel]], American comedian (d. [[1991]])
*[[May 23]] - [[Betty Garrett]], American actress and dancer
*[[June 4]] - [[Robert Merrill]], American baritone (d. [[2004]])
*[[June 5]] - [[Richard Scarry]], American children's author (d. [[1994]])
*[[June 19]] - [[Pauline Kael]], American film critic (d. [[2001]])
*[[June 21]] - [[Gérard Pelletier]], Canadian journalist, politician, and diplomat (d. [[1997]])
*[[June 26]] - [[Richard Neustadt]], American political historian (d. [[2003]])
*[[June 30]] - [[Ed Yost]], American inventor (d. [[2007]])
===July-August===
*[[July 6]] - [[Ernst Haefliger]], Swiss tenor (d. [[2007]])
*[[July 7]] - [[Jon Pertwee]], British actor (d. [[1996]])
*[[July 15]] - [[Iris Murdoch]], Irish novelist (d. [[1999]])
*[[July 20]] - [[Edmund Hillary|Sir Edmund Hillary]], New Zealand mountaineer (d. [[2008]])
*[[July 31]] - [[Maurice Boitel]], French painter (d. [[2007]])
*[[August 11]] - [[Ginette Neveu]], French violinist (d. [[1949]])
*[[August 13]] - [[Rex Humbard]], American television evangelist (d. [[2007]])
*[[August 15]] - [[Benedict Kiely]], Irish author and broadcaster (d. [[2007]])
*[[August 21]] - [[Dalmiro Finol]], Venezuelan baseball player (d. [[1994]])
*[[August 25]] - [[George Wallace]], Governor of Alabama (d. [[1998]])
*[[August 28]] - [[Godfrey Hounsfield]], English electrical engineer and inventor, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[2004]])
*[[August 31]] - [[Amrita Preetam]], Indian poetess and author (d. [[2005]])
===September-October===
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* [[September 11]] - [[Ota Sik]], Czech economist and politician (d. [[2004]])
* [[September 21]] - [[Fazlur Rahman]], Pakistani Islamic scholar (d. [[1988]])
* [[September 26]] - [[Matilde Camus]], Spanish poet and researcher
* [[September 27]] - [[James H. Wilkinson]], English mathematician (d. [[1986]])
* [[October 3]] - [[James M. Buchanan]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* [[October 5]] - [[Donald Pleasence]], English actor (d. [[1995]])
* [[October 7]] - [[Zelman Cowen]], [[Governor-General of Australia]]
* [[October 11]] - [[Art Blakey]], American jazz drummer (d. [[1990]])
* [[October 12]] - [[Doris Miller]], American sailor (d. [[1943]])
* [[October 16]] - [[Kathleen Winsor]], American writer (d. [[2003]])
* [[October 17]] - [[Zhao Ziyang]], prime minister of the [[People's Republic of China]] (d. [[2005]])
* [[October 18]]
**[[Anita O'Day]], American jazz singer (d. [[2006]])
**[[Pierre Elliott Trudeau]], [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (d. [[2000]])
* [[October 22]] - [[Doris Lessing]], British writer
* [[October 23]] - [[Manolis Andronikos]], Greek Arceologist (d [[1992]])
* [[October 26]]
**[[James E. Myers]], American songwriter (d. [[2001]])
**[[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], [[Shah of Iran]] (d. [[1980]])
===November-December===
* [[November 3]]
**[[Jesús Blasco]], Spanish comic book author (d. [[1995]])
**[[Spider Jorgensen]], American baseball player and coach (d. [[2003]])
* [[November 5]] - [[Myron Floren]], American accordionist (d. [[2005]])
* [[November 10]] - [[Mikhail Kalashnikov]], Russian firearms inventor
* [[November 14]] - [[Lisa Otto]], German soprano
* [[November 15]] - [[Roy Burden, RCAF|Roy Burden]], Canadian World War II pilot (d. [[2005]])
* [[November 18]] - [[Andrée Borrel]], French World War II heroine (d. [[1944]])
* [[November 28]] - [[Keith Miller]], Australian sportsman (d. [[2004]])
* [[December 6]] - [[Paul de Man]], Belgian-born literary critic (d. [[1983]])
* [[December 8]] - [[Mieczyslaw Weinberg]], Polish composer (d. [[1996]])
* [[December 9]] - [[William Lipscomb]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* [[December 21]] - [[Ove Sprogøe]], Danish actor (d. [[2004]])
* [[December 31]] - [[Tommy Byrne (baseball)|Tommy Byrne]], baseball player (d. [[2007]])
== Deaths ==
===January - June===
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*[[January 4]] - [[Georg von Hertling]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (b. [[1843]])
*[[January 6]]
**[[Max Heindel]], Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (b. [[1865]])
**[[Theodore Roosevelt]], 26th [[President of the United States]] (b. [[1858]])
*[[January 7]] - [[Henry Ware Eliot]] American industrialist and philanthropist (b. [[1843]])
*[[January 15]]
**[[Karl Liebknecht]], German politician (executed) (b. [[1871]])
**[[Rosa Luxemburg]], German politician (executed)
*[[January 18]] - [[Prince John of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1905]])
*[[January 27]] - [[Endre Ady]], Hungarian poet (b. [[1877]])
*[[February 17]] - [[Wilfrid Laurier]], seventh [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (b. [[1841]])
*[[March 2]] - [[Melchora Aquino]], Filipino revolutionary hero (b. [[1812]])
*[[April 4]] - [[William Crookes]], English chemist and physicist (b. [[1832]])
*[[April 10]] - [[Emiliano Zapata]], Mexican revolutionary (b. [[1879]])
*[[April 15]] - [[Jane Delano]], American nurse and founder or the American Red Cross Nursing Service (b. [[1862]])
*[[May 3]] - [[Eugen Levine]], German revolutionary (b. [[1883]])
*[[May 4]] - [[Milan Rastislav Štefánik]], Slovak general, politician, and astronomer (b. [[1880]])
*[[May 6]] - [[L. Frank Baum]], American writer (b. [[1856]])
*[[May 14]] - [[Henry John Heinz]], American businessman (b. [[1844]])
*[[June 29]] - [[José Gregorio Hernández]], Venezuelan medician and saint (b. [[1864]])
*[[June 30]] - [[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1842]])
===July - December===
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*[[July 15]] - [[Hermann Emil Fischer]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1852]])
*[[July 26]] - [[Edward Poynter]], British painter (b. [[1836]])
*[[August 9]] - [[Ruggiero Leoncavallo]], Italian composer (b. [[1857]])
*[[August 11]] - [[Andrew Carnegie]], Scottish-born businessman and philanthropist (b. [[1835]])
*[[October 7]] - [[Alfred Deakin]], second [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (b. [[1856]])
*[[October 13]] - [[Karl Adolph Gjellerup]], Danish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1857]])
*[[October 18]] - [[William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor|Viscount William Astor]], American financier and statesman (b. [[1848]])
*[[November 9]] - [[Eduard Müller]], Swiss Federal Councillor (b. [[1848]])
*[[November 15]] - [[Alfred Werner]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1866]])
*[[December 3]] - [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], French painter (b. [[1841]])
==Nobel prizes==
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Johannes Stark]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - not awarded
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] - [[Jules Bordet]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] - [[Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - [[Woodrow Wilson]]
==See also==
* [[20th century]].
==Notes==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
{{commonscat}}
==External links==
* Margaret MacMillan, ''Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World'', 2002, Random House.
* Paula Phelan, ''1919 Misfortune's End'', 2007, ZAPmedia.
__NOTOC__
[[Category:1919| ]]<!--years 19xx are blank-category-->
[[af:1919]]
[[am:1919 እ.ኤ.አ.]]
[[ar:1919]]
[[an:1919]]
[[frp:1919]]
[[ast:1919]]
[[gn:1919]]
[[av:1919]]
[[az:1919]]
[[bn:১৯১৯]]
[[map-bms:1919]]
[[be:1919]]
[[be-x-old:1919]]
[[bh:१९१९]]
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[[eu:1919]]
[[fa:۱۹۱۹ (میلادی)]]
[[fo:1919]]
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[[gan:1919年]]
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[[ko:1919년]]
[[hy:1919]]
[[hi:1919]]
[[hr:1919.]]
[[io:1919]]
[[ilo:1919]]
[[bpy:মারি ১৯১৯]]
[[id:1919]]
[[ia:1919]]
[[os:1919]]
[[is:1919]]
[[it:1919]]
[[he:1919]]
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[[kn:೧೯೧೯]]
[[ka:1919]]
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[[kw:1919]]
[[sw:1919]]
[[ht:1919 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[ku:1919]]
[[la:1919]]
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[[lt:1919 m.]]
[[lij:1919]]
[[jbo:1919moi nanca]]
[[lmo:1919]]
[[hu:1919]]
[[mk:1919]]
[[mt:1919]]
[[mi:1919]]
[[mr:इ.स. १९१९]]
[[ms:1919]]
[[nah:1919]]
[[nl:1919]]
[[new:ई सं १९१९]]
[[ja:1919年]]
[[nap:1919]]
[[no:1919]]
[[nn:1919]]
[[nrm:1919]]
[[nov:1919]]
[[oc:1919]]
[[uz:1919]]
[[pi:१९१९]]
[[nds:1919]]
[[pl:1919]]
[[pt:1919]]
[[ty:1919]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1919]]
[[ro:1919]]
[[ru:1919 год]]
[[se:1919]]
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[[simple:1919]]
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[[sh:1919]]
[[su:1919]]
[[fi:1919]]
[[sv:1919]]
[[tl:1919]]
[[ta:1919]]
[[tt:1919]]
[[te:1919]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2462]]
[[vi:1919]]
[[tr:1919]]
[[uk:1919]]
[[ur:1919ء]]
[[vec:1919]]
[[wa:1919]]
[[vls:1919]]
[[yo:1919]]
[[zh-yue:1919年]]
[[cbk-zam:1919]]
[[bat-smg:1919]]
[[zh:1919年]]