1919 34665 225572011 2008-07-14T10:55:23Z AlleborgoBot 3813685 robot Modifying: [[so:1919]] {{Otheruses}} {{year nav|1919}} {{C20YearInTopicX}} Year '''1919''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Tuesday]]<ref><!-- --> "Calendar in year 1919 ([[Romania]])" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage: <!-- --> [http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/index.html?year=1919&country=19 Julian-1919]<!-- --> (Romania used Julian in 1919, when Russia adopted Gregorian). </ref> of the 13-day-slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 13-say span=Mon-Sun,Tue-Mon,Wed-Tue,Thu-Wed,Fr-Th,Sa-Fr,Sun-Sat --> {{C20YearTOC}} ==Events of 1919== ===January=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg|thumb|200px|right| [[January 1]]: ''[[Iolaire]]'' sinks.]] * [[January 1]] ** In [[Scotland]], ''[[HMS]] [[Iolaire]]'' sinks on the rocks: 205 die. ** [[Edsel Ford]] succeeds his father as head of the [[Ford Motor Company]]. ** [[Spartacist uprising]]: Socialist demonstrations in [[Berlin]], [[Germany]] turn into an attempted communist revolution. * [[January 7]] - [[Estonian War of Independence|Estonian Freedom War]]: [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Red Army|Army]] meet resistance from [[Estonia]]n forces. * [[January 9]] - [[Friedrich Ebert]] orders the [[Freikorps]] into action. * [[January 10]]-[[January 12]] - The Freikorps attacks Spartacus supporters around Berlin. * [[January 11]] - [[Romania]] annexes [[Transylvania]]. * [[January 13]] - Worker's councils in Berlin end the [[general strike]]; Spartacus week is over. * [[January 15]] ** [[Rosa Luxemburg]] and [[Karl Liebknecht]] are murdered following the Spartacus uprising. ** [[Boston molasses disaster|The Boston Molasses Disaster]]: A wave of [[molasses]] sweeps through Boston, killing 21 and injuring 150. ** [[Ignacy Jan Paderewski]] becomes Premier of [[Poland]]. * [[January 16]] - The [[United States Constitution/Amendment Eighteen|18th Amendment]], authorizing [[Prohibition]], goes into effect in the [[United States]]. * [[January 18]] - [[World War I]]: A [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|peace conference]] opens in [[Versailles]], [[France]]. * [[January 18]] - [[Bentley Motors Limited|Bentley]] Motors is founded. * [[January 21]] - the First [[Dáil Éireann]] meets in the [[Mansion House, Dublin|Mansion House]] in Dublin. *[[January 21]] - ambush of police at [[Soloheadbeg]] marks the beginning of the [[Irish War of Independence]]. * [[January 23]] - The [[Uprising of Khotin]] breaks out in [[Khotyn]], [[Ukraine]]. * [[January 25]] - The [[League of Nations]] is founded. * [[January 31]] - [[1919 Battle of George Square]]. * [[Estonian War of Independence|Estonian Freedom War]]: The [[Red Army]] is expelled from the entire territory of [[Estonia]]. [[Image:1919 Battle of George Square - David Kirkwood.jpg|thumb|[[David Kirkwood]] being detained by police during the [[1919 Battle of George Square]]]] ===February=== * [[February 3]] - Soviet troops occupy the [[Ukraine]]. * [[February 11]] - [[Friedrich Ebert]] (SPD), is elected President of Germany. * [[February 14]] - The [[Polish-Soviet War]] begins. * [[February 23]] - The [[Fascist Party]] is formed in Italy by [[Benito Mussolini]]. * [[February 25]] - [[Oregon]] places a 1 cent per US gallon (.26 ¢/L) [[taxation|tax]] on [[gasoline]], becoming the first [[U.S. state]] to levy a [[gasoline tax]]. * [[February 26]] - An act of the [[United States Congress]] establishes most of the [[Grand Canyon]] as a [[United States National Park]] (see [[Grand Canyon National Park]]). * [[February 26]] - The [[Baylor University Chamber of Commerce]] is founded under its original name, The [[Baylor]] Business Men's Club. ===March=== * [[March 1]] - [[March 1st Movement]] against [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese colonial rule]] in [[Korea]]. * [[March 2]] - The first [[Communist International]] meets in [[Moscow]]. * [[March 3]] - The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] upholds the conviction of [[Charles Schenck]]. * [[March 9]] - The 1919 Revolution breaks out in [[Egypt]]. * [[March 15]] - The [[American Legion]] forms in [[Paris]]. * [[March 21]] - The [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]] is established by [[Béla Kun]]. * [[March 23]] - In [[Milan]], [[Italy]], [[Benito Mussolini]] founds his [[Fascism|Fascist]] political movement. * [[March 31]] - A general strike begins in the [[Ruhr]]. ===April=== * [[April 6]]-[[April 7]] - The [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]] is founded. * [[April 13]] - At the [[Amritsar Massacre]] in the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] in [[India]], [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Gurkha]] [[troop]]s [[Wiktionary:massacre|massacre]] 379 Sikhs. * [[April 14]] - The Emperor of Austria moves to exile in Switzerland. * [[April 23]] - The [[Constituent Assembly]] of [[Estonia]] convenes its first session. * [[April 25]] ** The [[Bauhaus]] movement is founded. ** [[ANZAC day]] is celebrated for the first time in Australia. **[[Pancho Villa]] takes [[Parral, Chihuahua|Parral]] in Mexico, and hangs the mayor and his two sons. * [[April 30]] - Several bombs are intercepted in the first wave of the [[1919 United States anarchist bombings]]. ===May=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[May 1]] ** Large left-wing demonstration in France leads to a violent confrontation with the police ** [[May Day Riots of 1919|Riots]] break out in [[Cleveland, Ohio]]; 2 people are killed, 40 injured, and 116 arrested. * [[May 3]] - [[Weimar Republic]] troops and [[Freikorps]] occupy [[Munich]] and crush the [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]]. * [[May 4]] - The [[May Fourth Movement]] opposes foreign colonizers in China. * [[May 5]] - The League of Red Cross Societies is founded in Paris * [[May 9]] - In [[Belgium]] a new electoral law introduced [[universal manhood suffrage]] and gave the franchise to certain classes of women. * [[May 15]] - [[Winnipeg, Manitoba|Winnipeg]] workers launch a [[Winnipeg general strike of 1919|general strike]] for better wages and working conditions. * [[May 16]] ** A [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company|Curtiss]] aircraft [[NC-4]] commanded by [[Albert Cushing Read]] departs Trepassey, [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]], for [[Lisbon]] via the [[Azores]] on the first [[transatlantic]] flight ** An [[Hellenic Army]] lands at [[İzmir|Smyrna]]. * [[May 17]] - A Committee of One Thousand forms to oppose the [[Winnipeg General Strike]]. * [[May 19]] - [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] lands at [[Samsun]] on the [[Anatolia]]n [[Black Sea]] coast, initiating what was later termed the [[Turkish War of Independence]]. The anniversary of this event is the official commemoration date of the [[Pontic Greek Genocide]] in [[Greece]] and [[Cyprus]]. * [[May 23]] - The [[University of California]] opens its second campus in [[Los Angeles]]. Initially called Southern Branch of the University of California (SBUC), it is eventually renamed the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA). * [[May 25]] - Volcano [[Kelut]] erupts in [[Java (island)|Java]], killing 16,000. * [[May 29]] - [[Albert Einstein|Einstein's]] theory of [[general relativity]] is tested/confirmed by [[Arthur Eddington]]'s observation of a total [[solar eclipse]] in [[Principe]] and by [[Andrew Crommelin]] in [[Sobral, Ceará]], [[Brazil]].<ref>[http://www.firstscience.com/site/articles/coles.asp Eclipse that Changed the Universe - Einstein's Theory of Relativity<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * [[May 29]] - [[Prekmurje]] formally declares independence from [[Hungary]] ([[Republic of Prekmurje]]) * [[May 30]] - By agreement with the [[United Kingdom]], later confirmed by the [[League of Nations]], [[Belgium]] was given the mandate over part of [[German East Africa]] (Ruanda and Urundi). ===June=== * [[June 2]] - Several mail bombs are sent to prominent figures as part of the [[anarchist terrorism|1919 United States anarchist bombings]]. * [[June 4]] - [[Women's rights]]: The [[United States Congress]] approves the [[19th Amendment to the United States Constitution]], which would guarantee [[suffrage]] to [[women]], and sends it to the [[U.S. state]]s for ratification. * [[June 6]] - The Hungarian Red Army attacks the [[Republic of Prekmurje|Prekmurian Republic]]. * [[June 14]] - [[John Alcock (aviator)|John Alcock]] and [[Arthur Whitten Brown|Arthur Brown]] depart [[St. John's, Newfoundland]] on the first nonstop transatlantic flight (they land at [[Clifden]], [[County Galway]], [[Ireland]] the next day). [http://www.aviation-history.com/airmen/alcock.htm] * [[June 15]] - [[Pancho Villa]] attacks [[Ciudad Juárez]]. When the bullets begin to fly to the US side of the border, 2 units of the US 7th Cavalry regiment cross the border and repulse Villa's forces. * [[June 21]] * [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (North-West Mounted Police) fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during the [[Winnipeg General Strike]]. * Admiral [[Ludwig von Reuter]] scuttles the [[Germany|German]] fleet in [[Scapa Flow]], [[Orkney Islands|Orkney]]; 9 Germans die. * The [[American Winged Foot Express]] catches on fire over downtown [[Chicago]]; 2 passengers, 1 crewmember and 10 people on the ground are killed; only 2 people parachute to the ground safely.<ref>[http://www.chipublib.org/004chicago/disasters/dirigible_crash.html Chicago Public Library Archive]</ref> * [[June 23]] - [[Estonian War of Independence|Estonian Freedom War]]: [[Estonian army]] wins the [[Battle of Cēsis]] in [[Latvia|Northern Latvia]] against the [[Germany|German]] [[Baltische Landeswehr|Landeswehr]]. * [[June 28]] - The [[Treaty of Versailles]] is signed, ending [[World War I]]. ===July=== * [[July 6]] - The British [[airship|dirigible]] [[R34]] lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] by an airship. * [[July 31]] - [[Police]]men in London and Liverpool strike for recognition of the National Union of Police and Prison Officers. Over 2,000 strikers are dismissed. ===August=== * [[August 11]] ** The first NFL team for [[Wisconsin]] (The [[Green Bay Packers]]) is founded by Curly Lambeau. ** In [[Germany]], the [[Weimar Constitution]] is passed into [[law]]. * [[August 18]] - The Bolshevik fleet, at [[Kronstadt]] near [[Petrograd]], is destroyed by British aircraft and torpedo boats in a combined operation. * [[August 19]] - [[Afghanistan]] gains independence from the [[United Kingdom]]. * [[August 16]]-[[August 26]] - [[First Silesian Uprising]]: The Poles in [[Upper Silesia]] rise against the Germans. * [[August 31]] - The [[American Communist Party]] is established. ===September=== * [[September 10]] - The [[Treaty of Saint-Germain]] is signed, ending [[World War I]] with Austria. * [[September 10]] - [[September 15]]: The [[1919 Florida Keys Hurricane|Florida Keys Hurricane]] kills 600 in the [[Gulf of Mexico]], [[Florida]] and [[Texas]]. * The [[Steel strike of 1919]] begins. * [[September 23]] - [[Belenenses]] is founded. * [[September 27]] - The last British troops leave [[Arkhangelsk|Archangel]], [[Russia]] and leave the fighting to the Russians. * [[September 28]] - [[Omaha Riot]]: A [[lynch mob]] besieges the police station and courthouse in [[Omaha, Nebraska]], and lynches alleged black rapist Will Brown. ===October=== * [[October 1]] - The [[Elaine Race Riot]] breaks out in Arkansas. * [[October 2]] - US President [[Woodrow Wilson]] suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially [[paralysis|paralyzed]]. * [[October 9]] ** [[Black Sox scandal]]: The [[Cincinnati Reds]] "win" the [[World Series]]. ** The [[Boston Police Strike]] occurs. * [[October 13]] - The [[Convention relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation]] is signed. * [[October 28]] - [[Prohibition]] begins: The [[United States Congress]] passes the [[Volstead Act]] over President [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s veto. ===November=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[November 10]] - The first national convention of the [[American Legion]] is held in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]] (convention ends [[November 12]]). * [[November 11]] - The [[Centralia Massacre (Washington)|Centralia Massacre]] in [[Centralia, Washington]] results in the deaths of four members of the [[American Legion]], and the lynching of a local leader of the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] (IWW). * [[November 16]] - Admiral Horthy conquers Budapest from [[Béla Kun]]'s Soviet Republic. * [[November 19]] - The confirmation is announced of [[Albert Einstein|Einstein's]] [[general relativity]] theory, tested by [[Arthur Eddington]] and [[Andrew Crommelin]] in total [[solar eclipse]] on [[May 29]], 1919 [http://www.firstscience.com/site/articles/coles.asp FirstScience]. * [[November 27]] - The [[Treaty of Neuilly]] is signed between the Allies and Bulgaria. * [[November 28]] - The American-born [[Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor|Lady Astor]] is elected to the [[British House of Commons]], becoming on [[December 1]] the first female MP to take a seat. * [[November 30]] - Health officials declare that the global [[Spanish Flu]] [[pandemic]] has ended. ===December=== * [[December 5]] - The [[Turkey|Turkish]] Ministry of War releases [[Greeks]], [[Armenians]] and [[Jew]]s from [[conscription|military service]]. * [[December 12]] - [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], with his entourage, marches into [[Fiume]] and convinces the Italian troops to join him. * [[December 25]] - The opening of [[Cliftonhill]] stadium in [[Coatbridge]] the home of [[Albion Rovers F.C. (Scotland)|Albion Rovers F.C.]] The match saw them lose 2 - 0 to St. Mirren. * [[December 30]] - [[Lincoln's Inn]], in [[London]] admits its first female bar student. ===Undated=== * [[Earl W. Bascom]], rodeo cowboy and artist, along with his father John W. Bascom at [[Lethbridge]], [[Alberta]], [[Canada]], designs and makes rodeo's first reverse-opening side-delivery bucking chute, now the world standard. * ''[[Les Champs Magnetiques]]'', the first [[surrealist automatism|automatic]] book, is written by [[Andre Breton]] and [[Philippe Soupault]]. * XWA (now CFCF), in [[Montreal, Quebec]], becomes the first public [[radio station]] in [[North America]] to go on the air. * Various strikes in USA: Strike of US railroad workers; Longshoreman's strike; The Great Steel Strike; General strike in Seattle, Washington. * [[Female suffrage]] is enacted in [[Germany]] and [[Luxembourg]]. * Murderer [[Henri Désiré Landru]] is arrested. * [[Marcel Tolkowsky]]'s ''[[Diamond]] Design'' is published. * The [[International Astronomical Union]] is founded. * [[World League Against Alcoholism]] established by [[Anti-Saloon League]] * The fictional character [[Ham Gravy]] debuts in [[Thimble Theatre]]. ===Ongoing=== * [[Åland crisis]] * [[Ethnic cleansing]] in [[Turkey]]: The Armenian Genocide * [[Assyrian Genocide]] ([[1914]]–[[1922]]) * [[Pontic Greek Genocide]] ([[1916]]–[[1923]]). == Births == {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Taishō]] 8}} ===January-February=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 1]] - [[J. D. Salinger]], American novelist *[[January 5]] - [[Hector Abhayavardhana]], Sri Lankan political theorist *[[January 13]] - [[Robert Stack]], American actor (d. [[2003]]) *[[January 14]] - [[Andy Rooney]], American journalist *[[January 15]] - [[George Cadle Price]], first Prime Minister of [[Belize]] *[[January 23]] **[[Hans Hass]], Austrian zoologist **[[Ernie Kovacs]], American comedian (d. [[1962]]) **[[Bob Paisley]], British football player and manager (d. [[1996]]) *[[January 24]] - [[Leon Kirchner]], American composer *[[January 25]] - [[Edwin Newman]], American journalist and writer **[[Eula Beal]], American contralto *[[January 26]] - [[Valentino Mazzola]], Italian footballer (d. [[Superga air disaster|1949]]) *[[January 27]] - [[Ross Bagdasarian]], American musician and actor (d. [[1972]]) *[[January 31]] - [[Jackie Robinson]], baseball player (d. [[1972]]) *[[February 5]] **[[Red Buttons]], American actor (d. [[2006]]) **[[Andreas Papandreou]], [[Prime Minister of Greece]] (d. [[1996]]) *[[February 9]] - [[Langdon Brown Gilkey]] - [[United States|American]] [[Christian]] [[Protestant]] [[ecumenical]] [[theologian]] (d. [[2004]]) *[[February 11]] **[[Eva Gabor]], Hungarian actress (d. [[1995]]) **[[Eddie Robinson (football coach)|Eddie Robinson]], American football coach (d. [[2007]]) *[[February 12]] - [[Forrest Tucker]], American actor (d. [[1986]]) *[[February 13]] - [[Tennessee Ernie Ford]], American musician (d. [[1991]]) *[[February 16]] - [[Charlie Parlato]], American musician (d. [[2007]]) *[[February 18]] - [[Jack Palance]], American actor (d. [[2006]]) *[[February 20]] - [[Joe Krol]], Canadian football player *[[February 24]] - [[Árpád Bogsch]], Hungarian international civil servant (d. [[2004]]) *[[February 26]] **[[Rie Mastenbroek]], Dutch swimmer (d. [[2003]]) **[[Mason Adams]], American character actor (d. [[2005]]) ===March-April=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[March 2]] - [[Jennifer Jones]], American actress *[[March 4]] - [[Buck Baker]], American racecar driver (d. [[2002]]) *[[March 15]] - [[Lawrence Tierney]], American actor (d. [[2002]]) *[[March 17]] - [[Nat King Cole]], American singer (d. [[1965]]) *[[March 24]] - [[Lawrence Ferlinghetti]], American author and publisher *[[March 24]] - [[Robert Heilbroner]], American economist (d. [[2005]]) *[[March 29]] - [[Eileen Heckart]], American actress (d. [[2001]]) *[[March 30]] - [[McGeorge Bundy]], U.S. National Security Advisor (d. [[1996]]) *[[April 1]] - [[Joseph Murray]], American surgeon, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] *[[April 8]] - [[Ian Smith]], [[Prime Minister of Rhodesia]] (d. [[2007]]) *[[April 13]] - [[Phil Tonken]], American radio and television announcer (d. [[2000]]) *[[April 19]] - [[Merce Cunningham]], American dancer and choreographer *[[April 20]] - [[Richard Hillary]], British pilot and author (d. [[1943]]) *[[April 22]] - [[Donald J. Cram]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2001]]) ===May-June=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[May 1]] - [[Dan O'Herlihy]], Irish film actor (d. [[2005]]) *[[May 3]] **[[John Cullen Murphy]], American comic strip artist (d. [[2004]]) **[[Pete Seeger]], American singer and musician *[[May 7]] - [[Eva Perón]], wife of Argentine President [[Juan Peron]] (d. [[1952]]) *[[May 8]] - [[Lex Barker]], American actor (d. [[1973]]) *[[May 16]] - [[Liberace]], American pianist (d. [[1987]]) *[[May 17]] - [[Antonio Aguilar]], Mexican singer and actor (d. [[2007]]) *[[May 18]] - [[Margot Fonteyn]], English ballet dancer (d. [[1991]]) *[[May 20]] - [[George Gobel]], American comedian (d. [[1991]]) *[[May 23]] - [[Betty Garrett]], American actress and dancer *[[June 4]] - [[Robert Merrill]], American baritone (d. [[2004]]) *[[June 5]] - [[Richard Scarry]], American children's author (d. [[1994]]) *[[June 19]] - [[Pauline Kael]], American film critic (d. [[2001]]) *[[June 21]] - [[Gérard Pelletier]], Canadian journalist, politician, and diplomat (d. [[1997]]) *[[June 26]] - [[Richard Neustadt]], American political historian (d. [[2003]]) *[[June 30]] - [[Ed Yost]], American inventor (d. [[2007]]) ===July-August=== *[[July 6]] - [[Ernst Haefliger]], Swiss tenor (d. [[2007]]) *[[July 7]] - [[Jon Pertwee]], British actor (d. [[1996]]) *[[July 15]] - [[Iris Murdoch]], Irish novelist (d. [[1999]]) *[[July 20]] - [[Edmund Hillary|Sir Edmund Hillary]], New Zealand mountaineer (d. [[2008]]) *[[July 31]] - [[Maurice Boitel]], French painter (d. [[2007]]) *[[August 11]] - [[Ginette Neveu]], French violinist (d. [[1949]]) *[[August 13]] - [[Rex Humbard]], American television evangelist (d. [[2007]]) *[[August 15]] - [[Benedict Kiely]], Irish author and broadcaster (d. [[2007]]) *[[August 21]] - [[Dalmiro Finol]], Venezuelan baseball player (d. [[1994]]) *[[August 25]] - [[George Wallace]], Governor of Alabama (d. [[1998]]) *[[August 28]] - [[Godfrey Hounsfield]], English electrical engineer and inventor, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[2004]]) *[[August 31]] - [[Amrita Preetam]], Indian poetess and author (d. [[2005]]) ===September-October=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[September 11]] - [[Ota Sik]], Czech economist and politician (d. [[2004]]) * [[September 21]] - [[Fazlur Rahman]], Pakistani Islamic scholar (d. [[1988]]) * [[September 26]] - [[Matilde Camus]], Spanish poet and researcher * [[September 27]] - [[James H. Wilkinson]], English mathematician (d. [[1986]]) * [[October 3]] - [[James M. Buchanan]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate * [[October 5]] - [[Donald Pleasence]], English actor (d. [[1995]]) * [[October 7]] - [[Zelman Cowen]], [[Governor-General of Australia]] * [[October 11]] - [[Art Blakey]], American jazz drummer (d. [[1990]]) * [[October 12]] - [[Doris Miller]], American sailor (d. [[1943]]) * [[October 16]] - [[Kathleen Winsor]], American writer (d. [[2003]]) * [[October 17]] - [[Zhao Ziyang]], prime minister of the [[People's Republic of China]] (d. [[2005]]) * [[October 18]] **[[Anita O'Day]], American jazz singer (d. [[2006]]) **[[Pierre Elliott Trudeau]], [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (d. [[2000]]) * [[October 22]] - [[Doris Lessing]], British writer * [[October 23]] - [[Manolis Andronikos]], Greek Arceologist (d [[1992]]) * [[October 26]] **[[James E. Myers]], American songwriter (d. [[2001]]) **[[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], [[Shah of Iran]] (d. [[1980]]) ===November-December=== * [[November 3]] **[[Jesús Blasco]], Spanish comic book author (d. [[1995]]) **[[Spider Jorgensen]], American baseball player and coach (d. [[2003]]) * [[November 5]] - [[Myron Floren]], American accordionist (d. [[2005]]) * [[November 10]] - [[Mikhail Kalashnikov]], Russian firearms inventor * [[November 14]] - [[Lisa Otto]], German soprano * [[November 15]] - [[Roy Burden, RCAF|Roy Burden]], Canadian World War II pilot (d. [[2005]]) * [[November 18]] - [[Andrée Borrel]], French World War II heroine (d. [[1944]]) * [[November 28]] - [[Keith Miller]], Australian sportsman (d. [[2004]]) * [[December 6]] - [[Paul de Man]], Belgian-born literary critic (d. [[1983]]) * [[December 8]] - [[Mieczyslaw Weinberg]], Polish composer (d. [[1996]]) * [[December 9]] - [[William Lipscomb]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate * [[December 21]] - [[Ove Sprogøe]], Danish actor (d. [[2004]]) * [[December 31]] - [[Tommy Byrne (baseball)|Tommy Byrne]], baseball player (d. [[2007]]) == Deaths == ===January - June=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 4]] - [[Georg von Hertling]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (b. [[1843]]) *[[January 6]] **[[Max Heindel]], Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (b. [[1865]]) **[[Theodore Roosevelt]], 26th [[President of the United States]] (b. [[1858]]) *[[January 7]] - [[Henry Ware Eliot]] American industrialist and philanthropist (b. [[1843]]) *[[January 15]] **[[Karl Liebknecht]], German politician (executed) (b. [[1871]]) **[[Rosa Luxemburg]], German politician (executed) *[[January 18]] - [[Prince John of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1905]]) *[[January 27]] - [[Endre Ady]], Hungarian poet (b. [[1877]]) *[[February 17]] - [[Wilfrid Laurier]], seventh [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (b. [[1841]]) *[[March 2]] - [[Melchora Aquino]], Filipino revolutionary hero (b. [[1812]]) *[[April 4]] - [[William Crookes]], English chemist and physicist (b. [[1832]]) *[[April 10]] - [[Emiliano Zapata]], Mexican revolutionary (b. [[1879]]) *[[April 15]] - [[Jane Delano]], American nurse and founder or the American Red Cross Nursing Service (b. [[1862]]) *[[May 3]] - [[Eugen Levine]], German revolutionary (b. [[1883]]) *[[May 4]] - [[Milan Rastislav Štefánik]], Slovak general, politician, and astronomer (b. [[1880]]) *[[May 6]] - [[L. Frank Baum]], American writer (b. [[1856]]) *[[May 14]] - [[Henry John Heinz]], American businessman (b. [[1844]]) *[[June 29]] - [[José Gregorio Hernández]], Venezuelan medician and saint (b. [[1864]]) *[[June 30]] - [[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1842]]) ===July - December=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[July 15]] - [[Hermann Emil Fischer]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1852]]) *[[July 26]] - [[Edward Poynter]], British painter (b. [[1836]]) *[[August 9]] - [[Ruggiero Leoncavallo]], Italian composer (b. [[1857]]) *[[August 11]] - [[Andrew Carnegie]], Scottish-born businessman and philanthropist (b. [[1835]]) *[[October 7]] - [[Alfred Deakin]], second [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (b. [[1856]]) *[[October 13]] - [[Karl Adolph Gjellerup]], Danish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1857]]) *[[October 18]] - [[William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor|Viscount William Astor]], American financier and statesman (b. [[1848]]) *[[November 9]] - [[Eduard Müller]], Swiss Federal Councillor (b. [[1848]]) *[[November 15]] - [[Alfred Werner]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1866]]) *[[December 3]] - [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], French painter (b. [[1841]]) ==Nobel prizes== * [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Johannes Stark]] * [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - not awarded * [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] - [[Jules Bordet]] * [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] - [[Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler]] * [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - [[Woodrow Wilson]] ==See also== * [[20th century]]. ==Notes== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> {{commonscat}} ==External links== * Margaret MacMillan, ''Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World'', 2002, Random House. * Paula Phelan, ''1919 Misfortune's End'', 2007, ZAPmedia. __NOTOC__ [[Category:1919| ]]<!--years 19xx are blank-category--> [[af:1919]] [[am:1919 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1919]] [[an:1919]] [[frp:1919]] [[ast:1919]] [[gn:1919]] [[av:1919]] [[az:1919]] [[bn:১৯১৯]] [[map-bms:1919]] [[be:1919]] [[be-x-old:1919]] [[bh:१९१९]] [[bs:1919]] [[br:1919]] [[bg:1919]] [[ca:1919]] [[cv:1919]] [[cs:1919]] [[co:1919]] [[cy:1919]] [[da:1919]] [[de:1919]] [[et:1919]] [[el:1919]] [[es:1919]] [[eo:1919]] [[eu:1919]] [[fa:۱۹۱۹ (میلادی)]] [[fo:1919]] [[hif:1919]] [[fr:1919]] [[fy:1919]] [[fur:1919]] [[ga:1919]] [[gan:1919年]] [[gv:1919]] [[gd:1919]] [[gl:1919]] [[ko:1919년]] [[hy:1919]] [[hi:1919]] [[hr:1919.]] [[io:1919]] [[ilo:1919]] [[bpy:মারি ১৯১৯]] [[id:1919]] [[ia:1919]] [[os:1919]] [[is:1919]] [[it:1919]] [[he:1919]] [[jv:1919]] [[pam:1919]] [[kn:೧೯೧೯]] [[ka:1919]] [[csb:1919]] [[kk:1919]] [[kw:1919]] [[sw:1919]] [[ht:1919 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[ku:1919]] [[la:1919]] [[lv:1919]] [[lb:1919]] [[lt:1919 m.]] [[lij:1919]] [[jbo:1919moi nanca]] [[lmo:1919]] [[hu:1919]] [[mk:1919]] [[mt:1919]] [[mi:1919]] [[mr:इ.स. १९१९]] [[ms:1919]] [[nah:1919]] [[nl:1919]] [[new:ई सं १९१९]] [[ja:1919年]] [[nap:1919]] [[no:1919]] [[nn:1919]] [[nrm:1919]] [[nov:1919]] [[oc:1919]] [[uz:1919]] [[pi:१९१९]] [[nds:1919]] [[pl:1919]] [[pt:1919]] [[ty:1919]] [[ksh:Joohr 1919]] [[ro:1919]] [[ru:1919 год]] [[se:1919]] [[sq:1919]] [[scn:1919]] [[simple:1919]] [[sk:1919]] [[sl:1919]] [[so:1919]] [[sr:1919]] [[sh:1919]] [[su:1919]] [[fi:1919]] [[sv:1919]] [[tl:1919]] [[ta:1919]] [[tt:1919]] [[te:1919]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2462]] [[vi:1919]] [[tr:1919]] [[uk:1919]] [[ur:1919ء]] [[vec:1919]] [[wa:1919]] [[vls:1919]] [[yo:1919]] [[zh-yue:1919年]] [[cbk-zam:1919]] [[bat-smg:1919]] [[zh:1919年]]