1938 34979 225256628 2008-07-12T18:55:05Z PJtP 1503734 adding mahler jan 16 reference {{year nav|1938}} {{C20YearInTopicX}} Year '''1938''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]]. __TOC__ == Events of 1938 == ===January-February=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> <!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:Daffy Duck and Egghead.JPG|thumb|155px|Scene from [[Daffy Duck and Egghead]].]] --> [[Image:Kingfarouk1948.jpg|thumb|95px|right| [[January 20]]: [[Farouk I of Egypt|King Farouk]]]] [[Image:BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg|thumb|130px|right| [[January 16]]: [[Benny Goodman]] in [[NYC]].]] * [[January 1]] – New [[Constitution]] of [[Estonia]] enters into force. * [[January 1]] - The [[Merrie Melodies]] cartoon short ''[[Daffy Duck and Egghead]]'' is released. * [[January 3]] - The [[March of Dimes]] is established by [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]. * [[January 11]] - [[Frances Moulton]] is named the first female president of a U.S. national bank. * [[January 16]] - Two landmark [[sound recording|live recordings]] this day: the very first of [[Symphony No. 9 (Mahler)|Mahler's Ninth]] by the [[Vienna Philharmonic]] under [[Bruno Walter]] in the face of [[Anschluss|dire circumstance]]; and [[Benny Goodman]] and his orchestra become the first jazz musicians to [[Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert|headline a concert]] at [[Carnegie Hall]] in [[New York City]]. * [[January 20]] - Wedding of King [[Farouk of Egypt]] and Queen [[Farida Zulficar]] in [[Cairo]]. * [[January 22]] - [[Thornton Wilder]]'s play ''[[Our Town]]'' is performed for the first time in [[Princeton, New Jersey]]. It premieres in [[New York City]] on [[February 4]]. * [[January 27]] - The Niagara Bridge at [[Niagara Falls, New York]] collapses due to an ice jam. * [[January 28]] - The first [[ski tow]] in America begins operation in [[Vermont]]. * [[January 31]] - Crown princess [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] is born in [[Netherlands]]. [[Image:Niagara Falls, New York from Skylon Tower.jpg|thumb|200px|right | [[January 27]]: [[Niagara Falls|Niagara Bridge]] collapses in ice.]] * [[February 4]] - [[Adolf Hitler]] creates the [[Oberkommando der Wehrmacht]] (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military, and sacks political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies. * [[February 6]] - Black Sunday at [[Bondi Beach]], [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]: 300 swimmers dragged out to sea in three freak [[waves]]; 80 [[lifesavers]] save all but 5. * [[February 10]] - [[Carol II of Romania]] takes dictatorial powers. * [[February 12]] - Chancellor [[Kurt von Schuschnigg]] of [[Austria]] meets [[Adolf Hitler]] at [[Berchtesgaden]] and, under threat of invasion, is forced to yield to German demands for greater [[Nazi]] participation in the Austrian government. * [[February 14]] - The British naval base at [[Singapore]] begins operations. * [[February 20]] - [[Anthony Eden]] resigns as foreign minister of [[Great Britain]], and is succeeded by [[Lord Halifax]]. * [[February 24]] - A [[nylon]] bristle [[toothbrush]] becomes the first commercial product to be made with nylon yarn. ===March-April=== *March - Italian mathematician [[Ettore Majorana]] disappears. * [[March 3]] - [[Petroleum|Oil]] is discovered in [[Saudi Arabia]]. * [[March 12]] - ''[[Anschluss]]:'' [[Germany|German]] troops occupy [[Austria]]; annexation declared the following day. * [[March 15]] - [[Soviet Union]] announces officially that [[Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin|Nikholai Bukharin]] has been executed. * [[March 17]] - Poland [[1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania|presents an ultimatum]] to [[Lithuania]]; Poland demands to establish normal diplomatic relations that were severed over the [[Vilnius Region]] * [[March 18]] - [[Mexico]] nationalizes all foreign-owned [[Petroleum|oil]] properties within its borders. * [[April 10]] - [[Edouard Daladier]] becomes prime minister of France. * [[April 24]] – [[Konstantin Päts]] becomes [[president of Estonia]]. * [[April 25]] - [[U.S. Supreme Court]] delivers opinion in ''[[Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins]]'' and overturns a century of federal common law. * [[April 28]] - The towns of [[Dana, Massachusetts|Dana]], [[Enfield, Massachusetts|Enfield]], [[Greenwich, Massachusetts|Greenwich]], and [[Prescott, Massachusetts|Prescott]] in [[Massachusetts]] are disincorporated to make way for the [[Quabbin Reservoir]]. ===May-June=== * [[May 5]] - [[Holy See|Vatican]] recognizes [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]'s government in [[Spain]] * [[May 9]] - [[Kaarel Eenpalu]] becomes prime minister of [[Estonia]] * [[May 14]] - [[Chile]] withdraws from the [[League of Nations]] * [[May 17]] - ''[[Information Please]]'' debuts on [[NBC]] Radio. * [[May 20]] - [[Czechoslovakia]] orders a partial mobilization of its armed forces along the German border. * [[May 25]] - Bombing of [[Alicante]], [[Spain]], in the [[Spanish Civil War]], with 313 dead. * [[May 28]] - In a conference at the Reichs Chancellery, [[Hitler]] declares his decision to destroy [[Czechoslovakia]] by military force, and orders the immediate mobilization of 96 Wehrmacht divisions * [[June]] - [[Action Comics]] issue #1 is published, presenting the first appearance of [[Superman]], considered the first [[superhero]]. * [[June 11]] - Fire destroys 212 buildings in [[Ludes]], [[Latvia]] * [[June 12]]-[[June 18|18]] - [[Roma people|Roma]] and [[Sinti]] in [[Germany]] and [[Austria]] are rounded up, beaten up and jailed. * [[June 15]] - [[László Bíró]] patents the [[ballpoint pen]] in Britain. * [[June 19]] - [[Italy national football team|Italy]] beat [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]] 4-2 to win the [[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938 World Cup]] * [[June 22]] - [[Heavyweight]] [[boxing]] champion [[Joe Louis]] knocks out [[Max Schmeling]] in the first round of their rematch at [[Yankee Stadium]] in [[New York City]]. * [[June 23]] **The [[Civil Aeronautics Act]] is signed into law, forming the [[Civil Aeronautics Authority]] in the [[United States]]. **[[Marineland of Florida|Marineland]] opens near [[St. Augustine, Florida]]. * [[June 24]] - A 450 [[metric ton]] [[meteorite]] strikes the earth in an empty field near [[Chicora, Pennsylvania]]. * [[June 25]] - Dr. [[Douglas Hyde]] is elected the first [[President of Ireland]]. ===July-August=== * July - Building of the [[concentration camp]] [[Mauthausen]] * [[July 3]] - [[Steam locomotive]] "[[Mallard (locomotive)|Mallard]]" sets the world speed record for steam by reaching 126 mph. * [[July 3]] - The last reunion of the Blue and [[Confederate States of America|Gray]] commemorates the 75th anniversary of the [[Battle of Gettysburg]] in [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania]]. * [[July 12]] - Kurdish Genocide in Dersim, Turkey by the Turkish army. * [[July 14]] - [[Howard Hughes]] sets a new record by completing a 91 hour [[fixed-wing aircraft|airplane]] flight around the world. * [[July 18]] - [[Wrong Way Corrigan]] takes off from New York, ostensibly heading for California. He lands in Ireland instead. * [[July 28]] - A revolt against the [[Ioannis Metaxas]] dictatorship is put down in [[Chania]], * [[July 30]] - The first ever issue of [[The Beano]] * [[August 6]] - The [[Looney Tunes]] animated short ''[[Porky & Daffy]]'' is released. * [[August 18]] - The [[Thousand Islands Bridge]], connecting the [[United States]] with [[Canada]], is dedicated by US President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. ===September-October=== * September - [[Europe]]an crisis over German demand for annexation of [[Sudetenland|Sudeten]] borderland of [[Czechoslovakia]]. * [[September 21]] - A large [[hurricane]] (the [[New England Hurricane of 1938]]) strikes [[Long Island]] and southern New England, killing over 300 along the Rhode Island shoreline and 600 altogether. * [[September 29]] **[[Munich agreement]] of German, Italian, British and French leaders agrees to German demands regarding annexation of [[Sudetenland]]. **[[Republic of Hatay]] declared in [[Syria]] * [[September 30]] - Neville Chamberlain returns to Britain from meeting with Adolf Hitler and declares "Peace In Our Time" * [[October 1]] - German troops march into [[Sudetenland]] * [[October 2]] - [[1938 Tiberias massacre|Tiberias massacre]]: Arabs murder 20 Jews. * [[October 5]] - [[Edvard Beneš]], president of [[Czechoslovakia]], resigns. * [[October 10]] - The [[Blue Water Bridge]] opens, connecting [[Port Huron, Michigan]] and [[Sarnia, Ontario]] * [[October 16]] - [[Winston Churchill]], in a broadcast address to the [[United States]], condemns the [[Munich Agreement]] as a defeat and calls upon America and western Europe to prepare for armed resistance against Hitler. * [[October 17]] - [[Jan Syrovy]]'s government begins in Czechoslovakia * [[October 24]] - [[Minimum wage]] established by law in the [[United States]] * [[October 27]] - [[Du Pont]] announced a name for its new synthetic yarn: "[[nylon]]". * [[October 30]] - [[Orson Welles]]'s radio adaptation of ''[[The War of the Worlds (radio)|The War of the Worlds]]'' is broadcast, causing panic in various parts of the [[United States]]. * [[October 31]] - [[Great Depression]]: In an effort to try restore investor confidence, the [[New York Stock Exchange]] unveils a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public. ===November-December=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[November 1]] - [[Horse Racing]]: [[Seabiscuit]] defeats [[War Admiral]] by four lengths in their famous match race at [[Pimlico Race Course]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]]. * [[November 9]] - [[Holocaust]]: [[Kristallnacht]] begins - In [[Germany]], the "night of broken glass" begins as [[Nazism|Nazi]] troops and sympathizers loot and burn [[Jew]]ish businesses (the all night affair saw 7,500 Jewish businesses destroyed, 267 [[synagogue]]s burned, 91 Jews killed, and at least 25,000 Jewish men arrested). * [[November 10]] - On the eve of [[Armistice Day]], [[Kate Smith]] sings [[Irving Berlin]]'s ''[[God Bless America]]'' for the first time on her weekly radio show. * [[November 10]] - The founder of [[Turkey]], [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]], dies. * [[November 13]]- The people of New York City held a fruit tasting contest held by managers. * [[November 18]] - [[Trade union]] members elect [[John L. Lewis]] as the first president of the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]]. * [[November 30]] - Czech parliament elects [[Emil Hácha]] as the new president of Czechoslovakia. * [[December 11]] - [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia parliamentary election, 1938|Kingdom of Yugoslavia parliamentary election]] - Opposition gains votes but not seats *[[December 13]] - The [[Neuengamme]] [[concentration camp]] opens near [[Hamburg]]. * [[December 16]] - [[MGM]] releases its successful film version of [[Charles Dickens]]'s ''[[A Christmas Carol]]''. The film was originally intended to star [[Lionel Barrymore]] as [[Ebenezer Scrooge]], but Barrymore, ill with arthritis, is replaced by [[Reginald Owen]]. *[[December 23]] - A [[Coelacanth]], a fish thought to have been [[extinct]], is caught off the coast of [[South Africa]] near [[Chalumna River]]. *[[December 27]] - 87 killed, a construction worker of domitory site hit avalanche by heavy massivie snow at [[Kurobe]], [[Japan]]. ===Undated=== * In [[West Java]], Daeng Soetigna tunes the [[pentatonic|traditional]] [[angklung]] to play the [[diatonic]] [[Scale (music)|scale]]. * [[Adolf Hitler]] is ''[[Time magazine]]'s'' "Man of the Year" , an award that usually goes to the most influential person of the year. * [[Walther P38]] is introduced. * The first cartoon to feature a prototypical [[Bugs Bunny]], ''[[Porky's Hare Hunt]]'', is released. * The [[Schomburgk's Deer]] becames extinct by this date. *Siam is renamed [[Thailand]]. ===Ongoing=== * [[Spanish Civil War]] ([[1936]]-[[1939]]). * [[Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)|Sino-Japanese War]] ([[1937]]-[[1945]]). ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Shōwa]] 13}} ===January-February=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 1]] **[[Robert Jankel]], British coachbuilder (d. [[2005]]) **[[Frank Langella]], American actor *[[January 2]] - [[Hans Herbjørnsrud]], Norwegian author **[[Ian Brady]], British serial killer **[[Goh Kun]], Mayor of Seoul *[[January 5]] - King [[Juan Carlos I of Spain]] * [[January 6]] - [[Mario Rodríguez Cobos]], '''Silo''', Argentine author and spiritual Guide * [[January 7]] - [[Roland Topor]], French illustrator (d. [[1997]]) * [[January 8]] - [[Bob Eubanks]], American game show host * [[January 10]] **[[Donald Knuth]], American mathematician and computer scientist **[[Willie McCovey]], baseball player * [[January 11]] - [[Fischer Black]], American economist (d. [[1995]]) * [[January 12]] **[[Noel McNamara]], Australian justice campaigner and commentator **[[Lewis Fiander]], Australian actor * [[January 14]] - [[Jack Jones (singer)|Jack Jones]], American singer and actor * [[January 18]] - [[Curt Flood]], baseball player (d. [[1997]]) * [[January 20]] - [[Derek Dougan]], Northern Irish footballer (d. [[2007]]) * [[January 21]] - [[Wolfman Jack]], American disc-jockey and actor (d. [[1995]]) * [[January 23]] - [[Georg Baselitz]], German painter and sculptor * [[January 25]] **[[Etta James]], American singer **[[Vladimir Vysotsky]], Russian singer-songwriter, poet, actor (d. [[1980]]) * [[January 31]] - Queen [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]] * [[February 1]] - [[Sherman Hemsley]], American comedian and actor * [[February 2]] - [[Max Alvis]], baseball player * [[February 8]] - [[Prentice Gautt]], American football player * [[February 11]] **[[Bevan Congdon]], New Zealand cricketer **[[Simone de Oliveira]], Portuguese actress and singer **[[Manuel Noriega]], Panamanian general and dictator * [[February 12]] - [[Judy Blume]], American author * [[February 13]] - [[Oliver Reed]], English actor (d. [[1999]]) * [[February 14]] - [[Lee Chamberlin]], African-American film and television actress * [[February 18]] - [[Istvan Szabo]], Hungarian director * [[February 24]] **[[James Farentino]], American actor **[[Phil Knight]], American sportswear entrepreneur * [[February 25]] - [[Herb Elliott]], Australian runner ===March-April=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[March 4]] **[[Don Perkins]], American football player **[[Angus MacLise]], American percussionist, composer, mystic, shaman, poet, occultist, calligrapher and original drummer for the [[Velvet Underground]] (d. [[1979]]) *[[March 7]] **[[David Baltimore]], American biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] **[[Janet Guthrie]], American race car driver * [[March 13]] - [[Erma Franklin]], American singer (d. [[2002]]) * [[March 17]] **[[Rudolf Nureyev]], Russian-born dancer and choreographer (d. [[1993]]) **[[Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien]], Northern Irish clergyman * [[March 18]] - [[Charley Pride]], American baseball player and musician * [[March 23]] - [[Maynard Jackson]], mayor of Atlanta, Georgia (d. [[2003]]) * [[March 25]] - [[Hoyt Axton]], American actor and country music singer-songwriter (d. [[1999]]) * [[March 26]] - [[Anthony James Leggett]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate * [[March 31]] - [[Joel Godard]], announcer for [[Late Night with Conan O'Brien]] * [[April 1]] - [[John Quade]], American actor * [[April 2]] - [[John Larsson]], the 17th General of [[The Salvation Army]] * [[April 3]] - [[Jeff Barry]], American record producer and songwriter * [[April 4]] - [[A. Bartlett Giamatti]], American president of Yale University and baseball commissioner (d. [[1989]]) * [[April 7]] - [[Freddie Hubbard]], jazz trumpeter * [[April 8]] - [[Kofi Annan]], Ghanaian [[Secretary General of the United Nations]], recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] * [[April 10]] **[[Viktor Chernomyrdin]], Russian politician **[[Don Meredith]], American football player and broadcaster * [[April 11]] **[[Michael Deaver]], Reagan Administration [[Deputy White House Chief of Staff]] (d. [[2007]]) **[[Kurt Moll]], German bass * [[April 12]] - [[Roger Caron]], Canadian author * [[April 15]] - [[Claudia Cardinale]], Tunisian-born, Italian actress * [[April 17]] - [[Kerry Wendell Thornley]], American counterculture figure, writer, and co-founder of [[Discordianism]] * [[April 22]] **[[Talal Abu-Ghazaleh]] born in Jaffa **[[Adam Raphael]], English journalist and editor * [[April 26]] **[[Duane Eddy]], American musician **[[Maurice Williams]], American musician * [[April 29]] - [[Larry Niven]], American author ===May-June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[May 2]] - Paramount Chief [[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (d. [[1996]]) * [[May 17]] - [[Jason Bernard]], American actor (d. [[1996]]) * [[May 22]] - [[Richard Benjamin]], American actor * [[May 26]] **[[William Bolcom]], American composer **[[Teresa Stratas]], Canadian soprano **[[Pauline Parker]], New Zealandic murderess * [[May 28]] - [[Jerry West]], American basketball player and executive * [[May 31]] - [[Johnny PayCheck]], American singer (d. [[2003]]) * [[May 31]] - [[Peter Yarrow]], American singer * [[June 5]] - [[Karin Balzer]], German athlete * [[June 6]] - [[Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza]], [[pretender]] to the [[Brazil|Brazilian]] [[Brazilian Imperial Family|throne]] * [[June 7]] - [[Goose Gonsoulin]], American football player * [[June 12]] - [[Tom Oliver]], Australian actor * [[June 15]] - [[Billy Williams (baseball player)|Billy Williams]], baseball player * [[June 19]] **[[Wahoo McDaniel]], American football player and professional wrestler (d. [[2002]]) **[[Ian Smith (actor)|Ian Smith]], Australian actor * [[June 28]] - [[Moy Yat]], Chinese martial artist ===July-August=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 3]] - [[Bolo Yeung]], Hong Kong actor * [[July 4]] - [[Bill Withers]], American singer and songwriter * [[July 6]] - [[Tony Lewis]], English cricketer * [[July 12]] - [[Wieger Mensonides]], Dutch swimmer * [[July 18]] - [[Paul Verhoeven]], Dutch film director * [[July 19]] - [[Jayant Narlikar]], Indian astrophysicist * [[July 20]] - [[Natalie Wood]], American actress (d. [[1981]]) * [[July 20]] - [[Diana Rigg]], English actress * [[July 23]] **[[Juliet Anderson]], American actress **[[Bert Newton]], Australian actor and television show host * [[July 24]] - [[Eugene J. Martin]], American painter, artist * [[July 27]] - [[Gary Gygax]], American author and game designer (d. [[2008]]) * [[July 28]] - [[Alberto Fujimori]], [[President of Peru]] * [[July 29]] - [[Peter Jennings]], Canadian-born television news reporter (d. [[2005]]) * [[August 3]] - [[Terry Wogan]], British/Irish TV and radio broadcaster * [[August 8]] - [[Connie Stevens]], American actress and singer * [[August 9]] **[[Ezola B. Foster|Ezola Broussard Foster]], [[List of female United States presidential and vice-presidential candidates|U.S. Vice Presidential Candidate]] **[[Rod Laver]], Australian tennis player * [[August 15]] - [[Janusz A. Zajdel]], Polish writer * [[August 16]] - [[Bill Masterton]], Canadian hockey player (d. [[1968]]) * [[August 19]] - [[Diana Muldaur]], American actress * [[August 20]] - [[Alain Vivien]], French politician * [[August 21]] - [[Kenny Rogers]], American country singer * [[August 22]] - [[Paul Maguire]], American football player * [[August 24]] **[[Halldór Blöndal]], Icelandic politician **[[David Freiberg]], American musician ([[Quicksilver Messenger Service]] and [[Jefferson Starship]]) * [[August 28]] **[[Maurizio Costanzo]], Italian television news reporter **[[Paul Martin]], [[Prime Minister of Canada]] *[[August 29]] - [[Robert Rubin]], American banker who served as the 70th United States Secretary of the Treasury * [[August 31]] - [[Martin Bell]], British journalist and politician ===September-October=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[September 1]] - [[Per Kirkeby]], Danish artist * [[September 2]] - [[Clarence Felder]], American actor * [[September 3]] - [[Ryoji Noyori]], Japanese chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate * [[September 8]] - [[Kenichi Horie]], Japanese adventurer * [[September 10]] **[[David Hamilton]], radio and TV personality **[[Karl Lagerfeld]], German fashion designer and photographer * [[September 13]] - [[John Smith (UK politician)|John Smith]], Scottish politician (d. [[1994]]) * [[September 18]] - [[Poornachandra Tejaswi]], Kannada writer (d. [[2007]]) * [[September 22]] - [[Gene Mingo]], American football player * [[September 23]] - [[Tom Lester]], American actor and evangelist * [[September 25]] - [[Jonathan Motzfeldt]], [[Prime Minister of Greenland]] * [[September 28]] - [[Ben E. King]], American singer * [[September 29]] - [[Wim Kok]], [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]] * [[October 3]] - [[Eddie Cochran]], American singer (d. [[1960]]) * [[October 4]] - [[Kurt Wüthrich]], Swiss chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate * [[October 9]] - [[Heinz Fischer]], Austrian politician * [[October 14]] **[[Farah Diba]], Empress of Iran **[[Ron Lancaster]], Canadian Football League quarterback and coach * [[October 15]] - [[Fela Kuti]], Nigerian musician and activist (d. [[1997]]) * [[October 16]] - [[Carl Gunter Jr]], Louisiana State Representative (d. [[1999]]) * [[October 17]] - [[Evel Knievel]], American motorcycle daredevil (d. [[2007]]) * [[October 20]] - [[Iain Macmillan]], ''[[Abbey Road (album)|Abbey Road]]'' photographer (d. [[2006]]) * [[October 22]] - [[Christopher Lloyd]], American actor * [[October 23]] - [[H. John Heinz III]], U.S. Senator (d. [[1991]]) * [[October 28]] - [[Anne Perry]], English-born novelist * [[October 29]] **[[Ralph Bakshi]], Israeli cartoonist, film director, and video producer **[[Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf]], [[President of Liberia]] ===November-December=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[November 2]] - [[Patrick Joseph Buchanan]], American journalist and Presidential candidate *[[November 5]] **[[Joe Dassin]], French singer (d. [[1980]]) **[[Enéas Carneiro]], Brazilian politician (d. [[2007]]) *[[November 6]] **[[Mack Jones]], baseball player (d. [[2004]]) **[[Dumitru Rusu]], Romanian painter *[[November 13]] - [[Jean Seberg]], American actress (d. [[1979]]) *[[November 16]] - [[Robert Nozick]], American philosopher (d. [[2002]]) *[[November 17]] - [[Gordon Lightfoot]], Canadian folk singer *[[November 19]] - [[Ted Turner]], modern entrepreneur *[[November 26]] - [[Porter J. Goss]], American politician and Central Intelligence Agency director *[[December 4]] **[[Andre V. Marrou]], U.S. Presidential candidate **[[Yvonne Minton]], Australian soprano *[[December 5]] - [[J. J. Cale]], American singer *[[December 8]] - [[Ken Delo]], American singer, ''[[The Lawrence Welk Show]]'' *[[December 12]] - [[Connie Francis]], American singer and actress *[[December 15]] - [[Billy Shaw]], American football player *[[December 16]] **[[Liv Ullmann]], Norwegian actress **[[Frank Deford]], American sportswriter *[[December 17]] **[[Peter Snell]], New Zealand athlete **[[Carlo Little]], British drummer (d.[[2005]]) *[[December 20]] - [[John Harbison]], American composer *[[December 23]] - [[Bob Kahn]], American Internet pioneer *[[December 24]] - [[Bobby Henrich]], American baseball player *[[December 29]] - [[Jon Voight]], American actor ===Date unknown=== *[[Neila Sathyalingam]], Singaporean classical Indian dancer, choreographer and instructor ==Deaths== ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 8]] - [[Johnny Gruelle]], American cartoonist and children's book author (b. [[1880]]) ([[Raggedy Ann]]) * [[January 20]] - [[Émile Cohl]], French caricaturist and animator (b. [[1857]]) * [[January 21]] - [[Georges Méliès]], French film director (b. [[1861]]) * [[January 28]] - [[Bernd Rosemeyer]], German racing driver (b. [[1909]]) <!--FEBRUARY--> * [[February 2]] - [[Frederick William Vanderbilt]], American railway magnate (b. [[1856]]) * [[February 7]] - [[Harvey Firestone]], American manufacturer (b. [[1868]]) * [[February 18]] - [[David King Udall]], American politician (b. [[1851]]) * [[February 19]] - [[Edmund Landau]], German mathematician (b. [[1877]]) <!--MARCH--> * [[March 1]] - [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], Italian writer, war hero, and politician (b. [[1863]]) * [[March 2]] - [[Ben Harney]], American composer and pianist (b. [[1871]]) * [[March 13]] - [[Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin]], Soviet politician (b. [[1888]]) * [[March 13]] - [[Clarence Darrow]], American attorney (b. [[1857]]) <!--APRIL--> * [[April 8]] - [[Joe "King" Oliver]], American jazz musician (b. [[1885]]) * [[April 12]] - [[Feodor Chaliapin]], Russian bass (b. [[1873]]) * [[April 16]] - [[Steve Bloomer]], English footballer (b. [[1874]]) * [[April 21]] - [[Allama Iqbal]], Indian philosopher and poet (b. [[1877]]) * [[April 25]] - [[Aleksander Świętochowski]] - Polish writer (b. [[1849]]) * [[April 26]] - [[Edmund Husserl]], Austrian philosopher (b. [[1859]]) <!--MAY--> * [[May 4]] - [[Carl von Ossietzky]], German pacifist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1889]]) * [[May 9]] - [[Thomas B. Thrige]], Danish industrialist (b. [[1866]]) * [[May 13]] - [[Charles Edouard Guillaume]], French physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1861]]) * [[May 26]] - [[John Jacob Abel]], American pharmacologist (b. [[1857]]) <!--JUNE--> <!--none--> === July - December === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 4]] - [[Otto Bauer]], Austrian Social Democratic politician (b. [[1881]]) * [[August 1]] - [[Edmund Charles Tarbell]], American artist (b. [[1862]]) * [[August 7]] - [[Constantin Stanislavski]], Russian [[theatre practitioner]] (b. [[1863]]) * [[August 14]] - [[Hugh Trumble]], Australian test cricketer (b. [[1876]]) * [[August 16]] - [[Robert Johnson (musician)|Robert Johnson]], American blues singer (b. [[1911]]) *[[September 1]] - [[Nikolai Bryukhanov]], Soviet statesman and political figure who served as People's Commissar of Finances (b. [[1878]]) * [[September 17]] - [[Bruno Jasienski|Bruno Jasieński]], Polish poet (b. [[1901]]) * [[September 25]] - [[Paul Olaf Bodding]], Norwegian missionary to [[India]] and creator of [[Santali latin alphabet]] (b. 1865) <!--OCTOBER--> * [[October 2]] - [[Alexandru Averescu]], Romanian soldier and politician (b. [[1859]]) * [[October 13]] [[E.C. Segar]], American comics artist ([[Popeye]]) * [[October 17]] - [[Karl Kautsky]], Marxist theoretician (b. [[1854]]) * [[October 22]] - [[May Irwin]], Canadian actress and singer (b. [[1862]]) * [[October 24]] - [[Ernst Barlach]], German sculptor and poet (b. [[1870]]) * [[October 27]] - [[Lascelles Abercrombie]], English poet and critic (b. [[1881]]) <!--NOVEMBER--> * [[November 9]] - [[Vasily Blyukher]], Soviet military commander (b. [[1889]]) * [[November 10]] - [[Kemal Atatürk]], [[President of Turkey]] (b. [[1881]]) * [[November 20]] - [[Maud of Wales]], queen of [[Haakon VII of Norway]] (b. [[1869]]) * [[November 30]] - [[Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]], Romanian fascist, leader of the [[Iron Guard]] (executed along other Guard activists) (b. [[1899]]) <!--DECEMBER--> * [[December 11]] - [[Christian Lous Lange]], Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1869]]) * [[December 20]] - [[Annie Armstrong]] US [[Christian missions|missionary]] leader (b. 1850) * [[December 25]] - [[Karel Capek|Karel Čapek]], Czech author (b. [[1890]]) * [[December 28]] - [[Florence Lawrence]], Canadian actress (b. [[1886]]) ==Nobel prizes== * [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Enrico Fermi]] * [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - [[Richard Kuhn]] * [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] - [[Corneille Jean François Heymans]] * [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] - [[Pearl S. Buck]] * [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - [[Nansen International Office For Refugees]], [[Geneva]]. ==External links== *[http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/Time/1938/1938fr.html The 1930s Timeline: 1938] &mdash; from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia *[http://www.coinpage.com/1938-pictures.html 1938 Coin Pictures] {{commonscat}} [[Category:1938| ]] [[af:1938]] [[am:1938 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1938]] [[an:1938]] [[roa-rup:1938]] [[frp:1938]] [[ast:1938]] [[av:1938]] [[az:1938]] [[bn:১৯৩৮]] [[zh-min-nan:1938 nî]] [[map-bms:1938]] [[be:1938]] [[be-x-old:1938]] [[bh:१९३८]] [[bs:1938]] [[br:1938]] [[bg:1938]] [[ca:1938]] [[cv:1938]] [[cs:1938]] [[co:1938]] [[cy:1938]] [[da:1938]] [[de:1938]] [[et:1938]] [[el:1938]] [[es:1938]] [[eo:1938]] [[eu:1938]] [[fa:۱۹۳۸ (میلادی)]] [[fo:1938]] [[hif:1938]] [[fr:1938]] [[fy:1938]] [[ga:1938]] [[gan:1938年]] [[gv:1938]] [[gd:1938]] [[gl:1938]] [[ko:1938년]] [[hy:1938]] [[hi:1938]] [[hr:1938.]] [[io:1938]] [[ilo:1938]] [[bpy:মারি ১৯৩৮]] [[id:1938]] [[ia:1938]] [[os:1938]] [[is:1938]] [[it:1938]] [[he:1938]] [[jv:1938]] [[pam:1938]] [[kn:೧೯೩೮]] [[ka:1938]] [[csb:1938]] [[kk:1938]] [[kw:1938]] [[sw:1938]] [[ht:1938 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[ku:1938]] [[la:1938]] [[lb:1938]] [[lt:1938 m.]] [[lij:1938]] [[lmo:1938]] [[hu:1938]] [[mk:1938]] [[mi:1938]] [[mr:इ.स. १९३८]] [[ms:1938]] [[nah:1938]] [[nl:1938]] [[new:ई सं १९३८]] [[ja:1938年]] [[nap:1938]] [[no:1938]] [[nn:1938]] [[nrm:1938]] [[nov:1938]] [[oc:1938]] [[uz:1938]] [[pi:१९३८]] [[nds:1938]] [[pl:1938]] [[pt:1938]] [[ty:1938]] [[ksh:Joohr 1938]] [[ro:1938]] [[ru:1938 год]] [[sah:1938 сыл]] [[se:1938]] [[sq:1938]] [[scn:1938]] [[simple:1938]] [[sk:1938]] [[sl:1938]] [[sr:1938]] [[sh:1938]] [[su:1938]] [[fi:1938]] [[sv:1938]] [[tl:1938]] [[ta:1938]] [[tt:1938]] [[te:1938]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2481]] [[vi:1938]] [[tr:1938]] [[tk:1938]] [[uk:1938]] [[vec:1938]] [[wa:1938]] [[vls:1938]] [[yi:1938]] [[yo:1938]] [[zh-yue:1938年]] [[cbk-zam:1938]] [[bat-smg:1938]] [[zh:1938年]]