1938
34979
225256628
2008-07-12T18:55:05Z
PJtP
1503734
adding mahler jan 16 reference
{{year nav|1938}}
{{C20YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1938''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]].
__TOC__
== Events of 1938 ==
===January-February===
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<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:Daffy Duck and Egghead.JPG|thumb|155px|Scene from [[Daffy Duck and Egghead]].]] -->
[[Image:Kingfarouk1948.jpg|thumb|95px|right| [[January 20]]: [[Farouk I of Egypt|King Farouk]]]]
[[Image:BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg|thumb|130px|right| [[January 16]]: [[Benny Goodman]] in [[NYC]].]]
* [[January 1]] – New [[Constitution]] of [[Estonia]] enters into force.
* [[January 1]] - The [[Merrie Melodies]] cartoon short ''[[Daffy Duck and Egghead]]'' is released.
* [[January 3]] - The [[March of Dimes]] is established by [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]].
* [[January 11]] - [[Frances Moulton]] is named the first female president of a U.S. national bank.
* [[January 16]] - Two landmark [[sound recording|live recordings]] this day: the very first of [[Symphony No. 9 (Mahler)|Mahler's Ninth]] by the [[Vienna Philharmonic]] under [[Bruno Walter]] in the face of [[Anschluss|dire circumstance]]; and [[Benny Goodman]] and his orchestra become the first jazz musicians to [[Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert|headline a concert]] at [[Carnegie Hall]] in [[New York City]].
* [[January 20]] - Wedding of King [[Farouk of Egypt]] and Queen [[Farida Zulficar]] in [[Cairo]].
* [[January 22]] - [[Thornton Wilder]]'s play ''[[Our Town]]'' is performed for the first time in [[Princeton, New Jersey]]. It premieres in [[New York City]] on [[February 4]].
* [[January 27]] - The Niagara Bridge at [[Niagara Falls, New York]] collapses due to an ice jam.
* [[January 28]] - The first [[ski tow]] in America begins operation in [[Vermont]].
* [[January 31]] - Crown princess [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] is born in [[Netherlands]].
[[Image:Niagara Falls, New York from Skylon Tower.jpg|thumb|200px|right
| [[January 27]]: [[Niagara Falls|Niagara Bridge]] collapses in ice.]]
* [[February 4]] - [[Adolf Hitler]] creates the [[Oberkommando der Wehrmacht]] (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military, and sacks political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies.
* [[February 6]] - Black Sunday at [[Bondi Beach]], [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]: 300 swimmers dragged out to sea in three freak [[waves]]; 80 [[lifesavers]] save all but 5.
* [[February 10]] - [[Carol II of Romania]] takes dictatorial powers.
* [[February 12]] - Chancellor [[Kurt von Schuschnigg]] of [[Austria]] meets [[Adolf Hitler]] at [[Berchtesgaden]] and, under threat of invasion, is forced to yield to German demands for greater [[Nazi]] participation in the Austrian government.
* [[February 14]] - The British naval base at [[Singapore]] begins operations.
* [[February 20]] - [[Anthony Eden]] resigns as foreign minister of [[Great Britain]], and is succeeded by [[Lord Halifax]].
* [[February 24]] - A [[nylon]] bristle [[toothbrush]] becomes the first commercial product to be made with nylon yarn.
===March-April===
*March - Italian mathematician [[Ettore Majorana]] disappears.
* [[March 3]] - [[Petroleum|Oil]] is discovered in [[Saudi Arabia]].
* [[March 12]] - ''[[Anschluss]]:'' [[Germany|German]] troops occupy [[Austria]]; annexation declared the following day.
* [[March 15]] - [[Soviet Union]] announces officially that [[Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin|Nikholai Bukharin]] has been executed.
* [[March 17]] - Poland [[1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania|presents an ultimatum]] to [[Lithuania]]; Poland demands to establish normal diplomatic relations that were severed over the [[Vilnius Region]]
* [[March 18]] - [[Mexico]] nationalizes all foreign-owned [[Petroleum|oil]] properties within its borders.
* [[April 10]] - [[Edouard Daladier]] becomes prime minister of France.
* [[April 24]] – [[Konstantin Päts]] becomes [[president of Estonia]].
* [[April 25]] - [[U.S. Supreme Court]] delivers opinion in ''[[Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins]]'' and overturns a century of federal common law.
* [[April 28]] - The towns of [[Dana, Massachusetts|Dana]], [[Enfield, Massachusetts|Enfield]], [[Greenwich, Massachusetts|Greenwich]], and [[Prescott, Massachusetts|Prescott]] in [[Massachusetts]] are disincorporated to make way for the [[Quabbin Reservoir]].
===May-June===
* [[May 5]] - [[Holy See|Vatican]] recognizes [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]'s government in [[Spain]]
* [[May 9]] - [[Kaarel Eenpalu]] becomes prime minister of [[Estonia]]
* [[May 14]] - [[Chile]] withdraws from the [[League of Nations]]
* [[May 17]] - ''[[Information Please]]'' debuts on [[NBC]] Radio.
* [[May 20]] - [[Czechoslovakia]] orders a partial mobilization of its armed forces along the German border.
* [[May 25]] - Bombing of [[Alicante]], [[Spain]], in the [[Spanish Civil War]], with 313 dead.
* [[May 28]] - In a conference at the Reichs Chancellery, [[Hitler]] declares his decision to destroy [[Czechoslovakia]] by military force, and orders the immediate mobilization of 96 Wehrmacht divisions
* [[June]] - [[Action Comics]] issue #1 is published, presenting the first appearance of [[Superman]], considered the first [[superhero]].
* [[June 11]] - Fire destroys 212 buildings in [[Ludes]], [[Latvia]]
* [[June 12]]-[[June 18|18]] - [[Roma people|Roma]] and [[Sinti]] in [[Germany]] and [[Austria]] are rounded up, beaten up and jailed.
* [[June 15]] - [[László Bíró]] patents the [[ballpoint pen]] in Britain.
* [[June 19]] - [[Italy national football team|Italy]] beat [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]] 4-2 to win the [[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938 World Cup]]
* [[June 22]] - [[Heavyweight]] [[boxing]] champion [[Joe Louis]] knocks out [[Max Schmeling]] in the first round of their rematch at [[Yankee Stadium]] in [[New York City]].
* [[June 23]]
**The [[Civil Aeronautics Act]] is signed into law, forming the [[Civil Aeronautics Authority]] in the [[United States]].
**[[Marineland of Florida|Marineland]] opens near [[St. Augustine, Florida]].
* [[June 24]] - A 450 [[metric ton]] [[meteorite]] strikes the earth in an empty field near [[Chicora, Pennsylvania]].
* [[June 25]] - Dr. [[Douglas Hyde]] is elected the first [[President of Ireland]].
===July-August===
* July - Building of the [[concentration camp]] [[Mauthausen]]
* [[July 3]] - [[Steam locomotive]] "[[Mallard (locomotive)|Mallard]]" sets the world speed record for steam by reaching 126 mph.
* [[July 3]] - The last reunion of the Blue and [[Confederate States of America|Gray]] commemorates the 75th anniversary of the [[Battle of Gettysburg]] in [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania]].
* [[July 12]] - Kurdish Genocide in Dersim, Turkey by the Turkish army.
* [[July 14]] - [[Howard Hughes]] sets a new record by completing a 91 hour [[fixed-wing aircraft|airplane]] flight around the world.
* [[July 18]] - [[Wrong Way Corrigan]] takes off from New York, ostensibly heading for California. He lands in Ireland instead.
* [[July 28]] - A revolt against the [[Ioannis Metaxas]] dictatorship is put down in [[Chania]],
* [[July 30]] - The first ever issue of [[The Beano]]
* [[August 6]] - The [[Looney Tunes]] animated short ''[[Porky & Daffy]]'' is released.
* [[August 18]] - The [[Thousand Islands Bridge]], connecting the [[United States]] with [[Canada]], is dedicated by US President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]].
===September-October===
* September - [[Europe]]an crisis over German demand for annexation of [[Sudetenland|Sudeten]] borderland of [[Czechoslovakia]].
* [[September 21]] - A large [[hurricane]] (the [[New England Hurricane of 1938]]) strikes [[Long Island]] and southern New England, killing over 300 along the Rhode Island shoreline and 600 altogether.
* [[September 29]]
**[[Munich agreement]] of German, Italian, British and French leaders agrees to German demands regarding annexation of [[Sudetenland]].
**[[Republic of Hatay]] declared in [[Syria]]
* [[September 30]] - Neville Chamberlain returns to Britain from meeting with Adolf Hitler and declares "Peace In Our Time"
* [[October 1]] - German troops march into [[Sudetenland]]
* [[October 2]] - [[1938 Tiberias massacre|Tiberias massacre]]: Arabs murder 20 Jews.
* [[October 5]] - [[Edvard Beneš]], president of [[Czechoslovakia]], resigns.
* [[October 10]] - The [[Blue Water Bridge]] opens, connecting [[Port Huron, Michigan]] and [[Sarnia, Ontario]]
* [[October 16]] - [[Winston Churchill]], in a broadcast address to the [[United States]], condemns the [[Munich Agreement]] as a defeat and calls upon America and western Europe to prepare for armed resistance against Hitler.
* [[October 17]] - [[Jan Syrovy]]'s government begins in Czechoslovakia
* [[October 24]] - [[Minimum wage]] established by law in the [[United States]]
* [[October 27]] - [[Du Pont]] announced a name for its new synthetic yarn: "[[nylon]]".
* [[October 30]] - [[Orson Welles]]'s radio adaptation of ''[[The War of the Worlds (radio)|The War of the Worlds]]'' is broadcast, causing panic in various parts of the [[United States]].
* [[October 31]] - [[Great Depression]]: In an effort to try restore investor confidence, the [[New York Stock Exchange]] unveils a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public.
===November-December===
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*[[November 1]] - [[Horse Racing]]: [[Seabiscuit]] defeats [[War Admiral]] by four lengths in their famous match race at [[Pimlico Race Course]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]].
* [[November 9]] - [[Holocaust]]: [[Kristallnacht]] begins - In [[Germany]], the "night of broken glass" begins as [[Nazism|Nazi]] troops and sympathizers loot and burn [[Jew]]ish businesses (the all night affair saw 7,500 Jewish businesses destroyed, 267 [[synagogue]]s burned, 91 Jews killed, and at least 25,000 Jewish men arrested).
* [[November 10]] - On the eve of [[Armistice Day]], [[Kate Smith]] sings [[Irving Berlin]]'s ''[[God Bless America]]'' for the first time on her weekly radio show.
* [[November 10]] - The founder of [[Turkey]], [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]], dies.
* [[November 13]]- The people of New York City held a fruit tasting contest held by managers.
* [[November 18]] - [[Trade union]] members elect [[John L. Lewis]] as the first president of the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]].
* [[November 30]] - Czech parliament elects [[Emil Hácha]] as the new president of Czechoslovakia.
* [[December 11]] - [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia parliamentary election, 1938|Kingdom of Yugoslavia parliamentary election]] - Opposition gains votes but not seats
*[[December 13]] - The [[Neuengamme]] [[concentration camp]] opens near [[Hamburg]].
* [[December 16]] - [[MGM]] releases its successful film version of [[Charles Dickens]]'s ''[[A Christmas Carol]]''. The film was originally intended to star [[Lionel Barrymore]] as [[Ebenezer Scrooge]], but Barrymore, ill with arthritis, is replaced by [[Reginald Owen]].
*[[December 23]] - A [[Coelacanth]], a fish thought to have been [[extinct]], is caught off the coast of [[South Africa]] near [[Chalumna River]].
*[[December 27]] - 87 killed, a construction worker of domitory site hit avalanche by heavy massivie snow at [[Kurobe]], [[Japan]].
===Undated===
* In [[West Java]], Daeng Soetigna tunes the [[pentatonic|traditional]] [[angklung]] to play the [[diatonic]] [[Scale (music)|scale]].
* [[Adolf Hitler]] is ''[[Time magazine]]'s'' "Man of the Year" , an award that usually goes to the most influential person of the year.
* [[Walther P38]] is introduced.
* The first cartoon to feature a prototypical [[Bugs Bunny]], ''[[Porky's Hare Hunt]]'', is released.
* The [[Schomburgk's Deer]] becames extinct by this date.
*Siam is renamed [[Thailand]].
===Ongoing===
* [[Spanish Civil War]] ([[1936]]-[[1939]]).
* [[Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)|Sino-Japanese War]] ([[1937]]-[[1945]]).
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Shōwa]] 13}}
===January-February===
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* [[January 1]]
**[[Robert Jankel]], British coachbuilder (d. [[2005]])
**[[Frank Langella]], American actor
*[[January 2]] - [[Hans Herbjørnsrud]], Norwegian author
**[[Ian Brady]], British serial killer
**[[Goh Kun]], Mayor of Seoul
*[[January 5]] - King [[Juan Carlos I of Spain]]
* [[January 6]] - [[Mario Rodríguez Cobos]], '''Silo''', Argentine author and spiritual Guide
* [[January 7]] - [[Roland Topor]], French illustrator (d. [[1997]])
* [[January 8]] - [[Bob Eubanks]], American game show host
* [[January 10]]
**[[Donald Knuth]], American mathematician and computer scientist
**[[Willie McCovey]], baseball player
* [[January 11]] - [[Fischer Black]], American economist (d. [[1995]])
* [[January 12]]
**[[Noel McNamara]], Australian justice campaigner and commentator
**[[Lewis Fiander]], Australian actor
* [[January 14]] - [[Jack Jones (singer)|Jack Jones]], American singer and actor
* [[January 18]] - [[Curt Flood]], baseball player (d. [[1997]])
* [[January 20]] - [[Derek Dougan]], Northern Irish footballer (d. [[2007]])
* [[January 21]] - [[Wolfman Jack]], American disc-jockey and actor (d. [[1995]])
* [[January 23]] - [[Georg Baselitz]], German painter and sculptor
* [[January 25]]
**[[Etta James]], American singer
**[[Vladimir Vysotsky]], Russian singer-songwriter, poet, actor (d. [[1980]])
* [[January 31]] - Queen [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]]
* [[February 1]] - [[Sherman Hemsley]], American comedian and actor
* [[February 2]] - [[Max Alvis]], baseball player
* [[February 8]] - [[Prentice Gautt]], American football player
* [[February 11]]
**[[Bevan Congdon]], New Zealand cricketer
**[[Simone de Oliveira]], Portuguese actress and singer
**[[Manuel Noriega]], Panamanian general and dictator
* [[February 12]] - [[Judy Blume]], American author
* [[February 13]] - [[Oliver Reed]], English actor (d. [[1999]])
* [[February 14]] - [[Lee Chamberlin]], African-American film and television actress
* [[February 18]] - [[Istvan Szabo]], Hungarian director
* [[February 24]]
**[[James Farentino]], American actor
**[[Phil Knight]], American sportswear entrepreneur
* [[February 25]] - [[Herb Elliott]], Australian runner
===March-April===
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* [[March 4]]
**[[Don Perkins]], American football player
**[[Angus MacLise]], American percussionist, composer, mystic, shaman, poet, occultist, calligrapher and original drummer for the [[Velvet Underground]] (d. [[1979]])
*[[March 7]]
**[[David Baltimore]], American biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
**[[Janet Guthrie]], American race car driver
* [[March 13]] - [[Erma Franklin]], American singer (d. [[2002]])
* [[March 17]]
**[[Rudolf Nureyev]], Russian-born dancer and choreographer (d. [[1993]])
**[[Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien]], Northern Irish clergyman
* [[March 18]] - [[Charley Pride]], American baseball player and musician
* [[March 23]] - [[Maynard Jackson]], mayor of Atlanta, Georgia (d. [[2003]])
* [[March 25]] - [[Hoyt Axton]], American actor and country music singer-songwriter (d. [[1999]])
* [[March 26]] - [[Anthony James Leggett]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* [[March 31]] - [[Joel Godard]], announcer for [[Late Night with Conan O'Brien]]
* [[April 1]] - [[John Quade]], American actor
* [[April 2]] - [[John Larsson]], the 17th General of [[The Salvation Army]]
* [[April 3]] - [[Jeff Barry]], American record producer and songwriter
* [[April 4]] - [[A. Bartlett Giamatti]], American president of Yale University and baseball commissioner (d. [[1989]])
* [[April 7]] - [[Freddie Hubbard]], jazz trumpeter
* [[April 8]] - [[Kofi Annan]], Ghanaian [[Secretary General of the United Nations]], recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]
* [[April 10]]
**[[Viktor Chernomyrdin]], Russian politician
**[[Don Meredith]], American football player and broadcaster
* [[April 11]]
**[[Michael Deaver]], Reagan Administration [[Deputy White House Chief of Staff]] (d. [[2007]])
**[[Kurt Moll]], German bass
* [[April 12]] - [[Roger Caron]], Canadian author
* [[April 15]] - [[Claudia Cardinale]], Tunisian-born, Italian actress
* [[April 17]] - [[Kerry Wendell Thornley]], American counterculture figure, writer, and co-founder of [[Discordianism]]
* [[April 22]]
**[[Talal Abu-Ghazaleh]] born in Jaffa
**[[Adam Raphael]], English journalist and editor
* [[April 26]]
**[[Duane Eddy]], American musician
**[[Maurice Williams]], American musician
* [[April 29]] - [[Larry Niven]], American author
===May-June===
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* [[May 2]] - Paramount Chief [[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (d. [[1996]])
* [[May 17]] - [[Jason Bernard]], American actor (d. [[1996]])
* [[May 22]] - [[Richard Benjamin]], American actor
* [[May 26]]
**[[William Bolcom]], American composer
**[[Teresa Stratas]], Canadian soprano
**[[Pauline Parker]], New Zealandic murderess
* [[May 28]] - [[Jerry West]], American basketball player and executive
* [[May 31]] - [[Johnny PayCheck]], American singer (d. [[2003]])
* [[May 31]] - [[Peter Yarrow]], American singer
* [[June 5]] - [[Karin Balzer]], German athlete
* [[June 6]] - [[Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza]], [[pretender]] to the [[Brazil|Brazilian]] [[Brazilian Imperial Family|throne]]
* [[June 7]] - [[Goose Gonsoulin]], American football player
* [[June 12]] - [[Tom Oliver]], Australian actor
* [[June 15]] - [[Billy Williams (baseball player)|Billy Williams]], baseball player
* [[June 19]]
**[[Wahoo McDaniel]], American football player and professional wrestler (d. [[2002]])
**[[Ian Smith (actor)|Ian Smith]], Australian actor
* [[June 28]] - [[Moy Yat]], Chinese martial artist
===July-August===
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* [[July 3]] - [[Bolo Yeung]], Hong Kong actor
* [[July 4]] - [[Bill Withers]], American singer and songwriter
* [[July 6]] - [[Tony Lewis]], English cricketer
* [[July 12]] - [[Wieger Mensonides]], Dutch swimmer
* [[July 18]] - [[Paul Verhoeven]], Dutch film director
* [[July 19]] - [[Jayant Narlikar]], Indian astrophysicist
* [[July 20]] - [[Natalie Wood]], American actress (d. [[1981]])
* [[July 20]] - [[Diana Rigg]], English actress
* [[July 23]]
**[[Juliet Anderson]], American actress
**[[Bert Newton]], Australian actor and television show host
* [[July 24]] - [[Eugene J. Martin]], American painter, artist
* [[July 27]] - [[Gary Gygax]], American author and game designer (d. [[2008]])
* [[July 28]] - [[Alberto Fujimori]], [[President of Peru]]
* [[July 29]] - [[Peter Jennings]], Canadian-born television news reporter (d. [[2005]])
* [[August 3]] - [[Terry Wogan]], British/Irish TV and radio broadcaster
* [[August 8]] - [[Connie Stevens]], American actress and singer
* [[August 9]]
**[[Ezola B. Foster|Ezola Broussard Foster]], [[List of female United States presidential and vice-presidential candidates|U.S. Vice Presidential Candidate]]
**[[Rod Laver]], Australian tennis player
* [[August 15]] - [[Janusz A. Zajdel]], Polish writer
* [[August 16]] - [[Bill Masterton]], Canadian hockey player (d. [[1968]])
* [[August 19]] - [[Diana Muldaur]], American actress
* [[August 20]] - [[Alain Vivien]], French politician
* [[August 21]] - [[Kenny Rogers]], American country singer
* [[August 22]] - [[Paul Maguire]], American football player
* [[August 24]]
**[[Halldór Blöndal]], Icelandic politician
**[[David Freiberg]], American musician ([[Quicksilver Messenger Service]] and [[Jefferson Starship]])
* [[August 28]]
**[[Maurizio Costanzo]], Italian television news reporter
**[[Paul Martin]], [[Prime Minister of Canada]]
*[[August 29]] - [[Robert Rubin]], American banker who served as the 70th United States Secretary of the Treasury
* [[August 31]] - [[Martin Bell]], British journalist and politician
===September-October===
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* [[September 1]] - [[Per Kirkeby]], Danish artist
* [[September 2]] - [[Clarence Felder]], American actor
* [[September 3]] - [[Ryoji Noyori]], Japanese chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* [[September 8]] - [[Kenichi Horie]], Japanese adventurer
* [[September 10]]
**[[David Hamilton]], radio and TV personality
**[[Karl Lagerfeld]], German fashion designer and photographer
* [[September 13]] - [[John Smith (UK politician)|John Smith]], Scottish politician (d. [[1994]])
* [[September 18]] - [[Poornachandra Tejaswi]], Kannada writer (d. [[2007]])
* [[September 22]] - [[Gene Mingo]], American football player
* [[September 23]] - [[Tom Lester]], American actor and evangelist
* [[September 25]] - [[Jonathan Motzfeldt]], [[Prime Minister of Greenland]]
* [[September 28]] - [[Ben E. King]], American singer
* [[September 29]] - [[Wim Kok]], [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]]
* [[October 3]] - [[Eddie Cochran]], American singer (d. [[1960]])
* [[October 4]] - [[Kurt Wüthrich]], Swiss chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* [[October 9]] - [[Heinz Fischer]], Austrian politician
* [[October 14]]
**[[Farah Diba]], Empress of Iran
**[[Ron Lancaster]], Canadian Football League quarterback and coach
* [[October 15]] - [[Fela Kuti]], Nigerian musician and activist (d. [[1997]])
* [[October 16]] - [[Carl Gunter Jr]], Louisiana State Representative (d. [[1999]])
* [[October 17]] - [[Evel Knievel]], American motorcycle daredevil (d. [[2007]])
* [[October 20]] - [[Iain Macmillan]], ''[[Abbey Road (album)|Abbey Road]]'' photographer (d. [[2006]])
* [[October 22]] - [[Christopher Lloyd]], American actor
* [[October 23]] - [[H. John Heinz III]], U.S. Senator (d. [[1991]])
* [[October 28]] - [[Anne Perry]], English-born novelist
* [[October 29]]
**[[Ralph Bakshi]], Israeli cartoonist, film director, and video producer
**[[Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf]], [[President of Liberia]]
===November-December===
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*[[November 2]] - [[Patrick Joseph Buchanan]], American journalist and Presidential candidate
*[[November 5]]
**[[Joe Dassin]], French singer (d. [[1980]])
**[[Enéas Carneiro]], Brazilian politician (d. [[2007]])
*[[November 6]]
**[[Mack Jones]], baseball player (d. [[2004]])
**[[Dumitru Rusu]], Romanian painter
*[[November 13]] - [[Jean Seberg]], American actress (d. [[1979]])
*[[November 16]] - [[Robert Nozick]], American philosopher (d. [[2002]])
*[[November 17]] - [[Gordon Lightfoot]], Canadian folk singer
*[[November 19]] - [[Ted Turner]], modern entrepreneur
*[[November 26]] - [[Porter J. Goss]], American politician and Central Intelligence Agency director
*[[December 4]]
**[[Andre V. Marrou]], U.S. Presidential candidate
**[[Yvonne Minton]], Australian soprano
*[[December 5]] - [[J. J. Cale]], American singer
*[[December 8]] - [[Ken Delo]], American singer, ''[[The Lawrence Welk Show]]''
*[[December 12]] - [[Connie Francis]], American singer and actress
*[[December 15]] - [[Billy Shaw]], American football player
*[[December 16]]
**[[Liv Ullmann]], Norwegian actress
**[[Frank Deford]], American sportswriter
*[[December 17]]
**[[Peter Snell]], New Zealand athlete
**[[Carlo Little]], British drummer (d.[[2005]])
*[[December 20]] - [[John Harbison]], American composer
*[[December 23]] - [[Bob Kahn]], American Internet pioneer
*[[December 24]] - [[Bobby Henrich]], American baseball player
*[[December 29]] - [[Jon Voight]], American actor
===Date unknown===
*[[Neila Sathyalingam]], Singaporean classical Indian dancer, choreographer and instructor
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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* [[January 8]] - [[Johnny Gruelle]], American cartoonist and children's book author (b. [[1880]]) ([[Raggedy Ann]])
* [[January 20]] - [[Émile Cohl]], French caricaturist and animator (b. [[1857]])
* [[January 21]] - [[Georges Méliès]], French film director (b. [[1861]])
* [[January 28]] - [[Bernd Rosemeyer]], German racing driver (b. [[1909]])
<!--FEBRUARY-->
* [[February 2]] - [[Frederick William Vanderbilt]], American railway magnate (b. [[1856]])
* [[February 7]] - [[Harvey Firestone]], American manufacturer (b. [[1868]])
* [[February 18]] - [[David King Udall]], American politician (b. [[1851]])
* [[February 19]] - [[Edmund Landau]], German mathematician (b. [[1877]])
<!--MARCH-->
* [[March 1]] - [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], Italian writer, war hero, and politician (b. [[1863]])
* [[March 2]] - [[Ben Harney]], American composer and pianist (b. [[1871]])
* [[March 13]] - [[Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin]], Soviet politician (b. [[1888]])
* [[March 13]] - [[Clarence Darrow]], American attorney (b. [[1857]])
<!--APRIL-->
* [[April 8]] - [[Joe "King" Oliver]], American jazz musician (b. [[1885]])
* [[April 12]] - [[Feodor Chaliapin]], Russian bass (b. [[1873]])
* [[April 16]] - [[Steve Bloomer]], English footballer (b. [[1874]])
* [[April 21]] - [[Allama Iqbal]], Indian philosopher and poet (b. [[1877]])
* [[April 25]] - [[Aleksander Świętochowski]] - Polish writer (b. [[1849]])
* [[April 26]] - [[Edmund Husserl]], Austrian philosopher (b. [[1859]])
<!--MAY-->
* [[May 4]] - [[Carl von Ossietzky]], German pacifist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1889]])
* [[May 9]] - [[Thomas B. Thrige]], Danish industrialist (b. [[1866]])
* [[May 13]] - [[Charles Edouard Guillaume]], French physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1861]])
* [[May 26]] - [[John Jacob Abel]], American pharmacologist (b. [[1857]])
<!--JUNE-->
<!--none-->
=== July - December ===
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* [[July 4]] - [[Otto Bauer]], Austrian Social Democratic politician (b. [[1881]])
* [[August 1]] - [[Edmund Charles Tarbell]], American artist (b. [[1862]])
* [[August 7]] - [[Constantin Stanislavski]], Russian [[theatre practitioner]] (b. [[1863]])
* [[August 14]] - [[Hugh Trumble]], Australian test cricketer (b. [[1876]])
* [[August 16]] - [[Robert Johnson (musician)|Robert Johnson]], American blues singer (b. [[1911]])
*[[September 1]] - [[Nikolai Bryukhanov]], Soviet statesman and political figure who served as People's Commissar of Finances (b. [[1878]])
* [[September 17]] - [[Bruno Jasienski|Bruno Jasieński]], Polish poet (b. [[1901]])
* [[September 25]] - [[Paul Olaf Bodding]], Norwegian missionary to [[India]] and creator of [[Santali latin alphabet]] (b. 1865)
<!--OCTOBER-->
* [[October 2]] - [[Alexandru Averescu]], Romanian soldier and politician (b. [[1859]])
* [[October 13]] [[E.C. Segar]], American comics artist ([[Popeye]])
* [[October 17]] - [[Karl Kautsky]], Marxist theoretician (b. [[1854]])
* [[October 22]] - [[May Irwin]], Canadian actress and singer (b. [[1862]])
* [[October 24]] - [[Ernst Barlach]], German sculptor and poet (b. [[1870]])
* [[October 27]] - [[Lascelles Abercrombie]], English poet and critic (b. [[1881]])
<!--NOVEMBER-->
* [[November 9]] - [[Vasily Blyukher]], Soviet military commander (b. [[1889]])
* [[November 10]] - [[Kemal Atatürk]], [[President of Turkey]] (b. [[1881]])
* [[November 20]] - [[Maud of Wales]], queen of [[Haakon VII of Norway]] (b. [[1869]])
* [[November 30]] - [[Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]], Romanian fascist, leader of the [[Iron Guard]] (executed along other Guard activists) (b. [[1899]])
<!--DECEMBER-->
* [[December 11]] - [[Christian Lous Lange]], Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1869]])
* [[December 20]] - [[Annie Armstrong]] US [[Christian missions|missionary]] leader (b. 1850)
* [[December 25]] - [[Karel Capek|Karel Čapek]], Czech author (b. [[1890]])
* [[December 28]] - [[Florence Lawrence]], Canadian actress (b. [[1886]])
==Nobel prizes==
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Enrico Fermi]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - [[Richard Kuhn]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] - [[Corneille Jean François Heymans]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] - [[Pearl S. Buck]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - [[Nansen International Office For Refugees]], [[Geneva]].
==External links==
*[http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/Time/1938/1938fr.html The 1930s Timeline: 1938] — from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia
*[http://www.coinpage.com/1938-pictures.html 1938 Coin Pictures]
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