1944
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2008-07-14T00:19:54Z
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/* February */
{{year nav|1944}}
{{C20YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1944''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXLIV]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Saturday]] (link will display full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]].
{{C20YearTOCship}}
== Events of 1944- ==
WWII begins on September 1, 1939 after Germany invades Poland.
:: ''(Below, events of [[World War II]] have the "[[World War II|WWII]]" prefix.)''
===January===
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* [[January 4]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Battle of Monte Cassino]] begins.
* [[January 5]]
**[[World War II|WWII]]: Murder of [[Denmark|Danish]] priest, poet and playwright [[Kaj Munk]].
**The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' becomes the first transoceanic [[newspaper]].
* [[January 14]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The Soviet troops start the offensive at [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] and [[Novgorod]].
* [[January 15]] **[[World War II|WWII]]: The [[27th Polish Home Army Infantry Division]] recreated, marking the start of [[Operation Tempest]] by the Polish [[Home Army]].
**An [[1944 San Juan earthquake|earthquake]] hits [[San Juan, Argentina]] killing an estimated 10,000 people in the worst [[natural disaster]] in Argentina's history.
* [[January 17]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[United Kingdom|British]] forces, in [[Italy]], cross the [[Garigliano River]].
**Meat Rationing ends in [[Australia]].
**[[Soviet Union]] ceases the production of [[Mosin-Nagant 1891/30]] [[sniper rifle]].
* [[January 20]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Royal Air Force]] drops 2,300 tons of bombs on [[Berlin]]. The [[US 36th Infantry Division|U.S. Army 36th Infantry Division]], in Italy, attempts to cross the [[Rapido River]].
* [[January 22]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Allies]] begin [[Operation Shingle]], the assault on [[Anzio]], [[Italy]]. The [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division]] stand their ground at Anzio against violent assaults for 4 months.
* [[January 27]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The two year [[Siege of Leningrad]] is lifted.
* [[January 29]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Battle of Cisterna]] takes place.
* [[January 30]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[United States]] troops invade [[Majuro, Marshall Islands]].
* [[January 31]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: American forces land on [[Kwajalein Atoll]] and other islands in the [[Japan]]ese-held [[Marshall Islands]].
===February===
* [[February 1]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[United States]] troops land in the [[Marshall Islands]].
* [[February 2]] - Publication of first issue of ''[[Human Events]]''.
* [[February 3]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[United States]] troops capture the [[Marshall Islands]].
* [[February 7]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: In [[Anzio]], [[Italy|Italian]] forces launch a counteroffensive.
* [[February 14]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[SHAEF]] headquarters established in Britain by General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]].
**Anti-[[Japan]]ese revolt on [[Java (island)|Java]].
* [[February 15]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Battle of Monte Cassino]] - the monastery atop [[Monte Cassino]] is destroyed by Allied bombing.
* [[February 17]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Battle of Eniwetok Atoll]] begins. The battle ended in an American victory on [[February 22]].
* [[February 19]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The Battle for [[Iwo Jima]] begins as US Marines attack the Japanese stronghold.
* [[February 20]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**"Big Week" begins with American bomber raids on [[Germany|German]] [[aircraft]] manufacturing centers.
**The [[United States]] takes [[Eniwetok]] Island.
* [[February 23]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Chechen people|Chechens]] and [[Ingush people|Ingush]] are forcibly deported to [[Central Asia]].
* [[February 26]] - - Shooting begins of the [[Nazism|Nazi]] propaganda film, [["The Fuehrer Gives a Village to the Jews"]] in [[Theresienstadt]].
* [[February 29]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The Admiralty Islands are invaded by U.S. forces in the [[Battle of Los Negros]] and [[Operation Brewer]].
===March===
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*March - [[World War II|WWII]]: The Japanese launch an offensive in central and south [[China]].
* [[March 1]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[USS Tarawa (CV-40)|USS Tarawa]] and [[USS Kearsarge (CV-33)|USS Kearsarge]] laid down.
**Anti-[[fascist]] [[Strike action|strike]] in northern [[Italy]].
* [[March 2]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Train]] stalls inside a railway tunnel outside [[Salerno]], [[Italy]] - 521 choke to death
* 2 March - [[16th Academy Awards]] ceremony
* [[March 3]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Order of Nakhimov]] and the [[Order of Ushakov]] were instituted in [[USSR]]
* [[March 4]] - In [[Ossining (village), New York|Ossining, New York]], [[Louis Buchalter]], the leader of [[1930s]] crime syndicate [[Murder, Inc.]], is executed at [[Sing Sing (prison)|Sing Sing]], along with [[Emanuel "Mendy" Weiss]], and [[Louis Capone]].
* [[March 6]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Soviet Army planes attack [[Narva]] in [[Estonia]], destroying almost the entire old town.
* [[March 9]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Soviet Army planes attack [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]].
* [[March 10]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: In Britain the [[Education Act]] lifts the ban on women [[teacher]]s marrying.
* [[March 12]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The Creation of the politic Committee of national liberation in [[Greece]].
* [[March 15]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[Battle of Monte Cassino]] - [[Allies|Allied]] aircraft bomb German-held monastery and stage an assault.
**The National Council of the [[French Resistance]] approves the [[Resistance movement|Resistance]] programme.
* [[March 17]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The hitlerists assassinate at [[Rîbniţa]] almost 400 prisoners, Soviet citizens and anti-[[fascist]] Romanians.
* [[March 19]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Germany|German]] forces occupy [[Hungary]].
* [[March 18]] - The eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] in [[Italy]] kills 26 and causes thousands to flee their homes.
* [[March 20]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] Flight Sergeant [[Nicholas Alkemade]]'s bomber is hit over Germany and he has to bail out without a [[parachute]] from the height of over 4000 meters. Tree branches interrupt his fall and he lands safely on deep snow
* [[March 23]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: members of the [[Italian Resistance]] attack [[Nazis]] marching in [[via Rasella]]. 33 Nazis are killed.
* [[March 24]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**The [[Fosse Ardeatine]] massacre in Rome, Italy. 335 Italians are killed, including 75 Jews and over 200 members of the [[Italian Resistance]] from various groups.
**In the Polish village of [[Markowa]], German police kill Józef and Wiktoria Ulm, their six children and eight Jewish people they were hiding.
===April===
* [[April 25]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[United Negro College Fund]] is incorporated.
* [[April 28]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: 749 American troops are killed in [[Exercise Tiger]] at [[Start Bay]], [[Devon]], [[England]].
===May===
* [[May 5]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Mohandas Gandhi]] released in [[India]].
* [[May 9]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: In the Ukrainian city of [[Sevastopol]], Soviet troops had completely driven out the German forces. The besieged German troops had been ordered by [[Hitler]] to “fight to the last Man.”<ref>"Year by Year 1944" -- [[History Channel International]]</ref>
* [[May 12]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Soviet troops finalize the liberation of [[Crimea]].
* [[May 18]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[Battle of Monte Cassino]] - Germans evacuate [[Monte Cassino]] and [[Allies|Allied]] forces take the stronghold after a struggle that claimed 20,000 lives.
**Deportation of [[Crimean Tatars]] by the [[Soviet Union]] government.
* [[May 30]] - [[Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois|Princess Charlotte Louise Juliette Louvet Grimaldi]] of [[Monaco]], heir to the throne resigns from her rights in favor of her son [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Prince Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi]], later reigning Prince [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Rainier III of Monaco]].
===June===
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[[Image:NormandySupply edit.jpg|thumb|300px|Allied troops land on the beaches of Normandy during [[D-Day]].]]
* [[June 1]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[BBC]] transmits a coded message (the first line of a poem by [[Paul Verlaine]]) to [[underground resistance]] fighters in [[France]] warning that the invasion of [[Europe]] is imminent.
* [[June 2]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The provisional [[France|French]] government is established.
* [[June 4]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**A hunter-killer group of the [[United States Navy]] captures the [[Germany|German]] submarine [[Unterseeboot-505|U-505]], marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at [[sea]] since the [[19th century]].
**[[Rome]] falls to the [[Allied powers|Allies]]. It is the first capital of an [[Axis powers|Axis]] nation to fall.
* [[June 5]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**More than 1000 [[United Kingdom|British]] bombers drop 5000 tons of bombs on [[Germany|German]] gun batteries on the [[Normandy]] coast in preparation for [[D-Day]].
**At 10:15 p.m. local time, the [[BBC]] transmits the second line of the [[Paul Verlaine]] poem to the [[underground resistance]] indicating that the invasion of [[Europe]] is about to begin.
**The German navy's [[Enigma machine|Enigma]] messages are decoded almost in real time.
* [[June 6]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Battle of Normandy]] begins - ''Operation Overlord'', code named [[D-Day]], commences with the landing of 155,000 [[Allies|Allied]] troops on the beaches of [[Normandy]] in [[France]]. The allied soldiers quickly break through the [[Atlantic Wall]] and push inland in the largest amphibious [[military]] operation in history. This operation was used to help liberate [[France]] from [[Germany]]. It also weakened the [[Nazi Germany]] hold on [[Europe]].
* [[June 7]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Bayeux]] liberated by British troops.
* [[June 9]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Stalin]] launches an offensive against [[Finland]] with the intent of defeating Finland before pushing for [[Berlin]].
* [[June 10]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: 642 men, women and children are killed in the [[Oradour-sur-Glane]] Massacre in [[France]].
* [[June 13]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Germany]] launches a [[V1 Flying Bomb]] attack on [[England]].
* [[June 15]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[Battle of Saipan]]: The [[United States]] invades [[Saipan]].
**[[United States|American]] forces push back [[Germany|Germans]] in [[St. Lo]], capturing the city.
* [[June 17]]
**[[World War II|WWII]]: The proclamation of the Republic of [[Iceland]].
**[[Iceland]] declares full independence from [[Denmark]].
* [[June 22]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[Operation Bagration]]: General attack by [[Soviet]] forces to clear the [[Germany|German]] forces from [[Belarus]] which resulted in the destruction of the German [[Army Group Centre]], possibly the greatest defeat of the Wehrmacht during WWII.
**[[Burma Campaign]]: The [[Battle of Kohima]] ends in a British victory.
* [[June 25]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Battle of Tali-Ihantala]] between Finnish and Soviet troops begins. Largest battle ever to be fought in the [[Nordic countries]].
* [[June 26]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: American troops enter [[Cherbourg-Octeville|Cherbourg]].
* [[June 29]] - Deportation of [[Hungarian Jews]] to [[Auschwitz]] and other [[Nazi]] [[concentration camps]] begins.
===July===
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* [[July 1]] - Start of the [[United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference]] at [[Bretton Woods, New Hampshire]].
* [[July 3]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**Soviet troops liberate [[Minsk]].
**[[Battle of Imphal]]: Japanese forces call off their advance, ending the battle in a [[United Kingdom|British]] victory.
* [[July 6]]
**[[Hartford Circus Fire]]: More than 100 children died in one of the worst fire disasters in the history of the [[United States]].
**[[World War II|WWII]]: At [[Camp Hood]], Texas, future baseball star and 1st Lt. [[Jackie Robinson]] is arrested and later court-martialed for refusing to move to the back of a segregated [[U.S. Army]] bus. He is eventually acquitted.
* [[July 9]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Canada|Canadian]] forces capture [[Caen]].
* [[July 10]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Soviet troops start the operations for occupying the Baltic countries.
* [[July 13]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Liberation of [[Vilnius]].
* [[July 16]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Arrival of the first contingent of the [[Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB)|Brazilian Expeditionary Force]] in Italy.
* [[July 17]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**The largest convoy of the war embarks from [[Halifax Harbour|Halifax, Nova Scotia]] under [[Royal Canadian Navy]] protection.
** SS ''E.A.Bryan'', loaded with ammunition, explodes in the [[Port Chicago]] naval base - 320 dead.
* [[July 18]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Hideki Tojo]] resigns as [[Prime Minister]] of [[Japan]] due to numerous setbacks in the war effort.
* [[July 20]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Adolf Hitler]] survives an [[July 20 Plot|assassination attempt]]. See [[Claus von Stauffenberg]]
* [[July 21]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[Battle of Guam (1944)|Battle of Guam]] - [[United States|American]] troops land on [[Guam]] starting the battle (ends on [[August 10]]).
**The creation of the Polish Committee for national liberation.
* [[July 22]] - End of Bretton Woods conference and signing of Agreements.
* [[July 25]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Operation Spring]] - One of the bloodiest days for [[Canada|Canadian]]s during the war: 18,444 casualties, including 5,021 killed.
===August===
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[[Image:Warsaw Uprising boyscouts.jpg|right|300px|thumb|[[Szare Szeregi]] Scouts also fought in the [[Warsaw Uprising]].]]
* [[August 1]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Warsaw Uprising]] begins.
* [[August 2]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
** [[Turkey]] ends diplomatic and economic relations with [[Germany]].
** the First Assembly of [[ASNOM]] was held in the Prohor Pchinski monastery
* [[August 4]] - [[Holocaust]]: A tip from a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] informer leads the [[Gestapo]] to a sealed-off area in an [[Amsterdam]] warehouse where they find [[Jew]]ish diarist [[Anne Frank]] and her family.
* [[August 5]] - Holocaust: [[Poland|Polish]] insurgents liberate a [[Germany|German]] [[labor camp]] in [[Warsaw]], freeing 348 [[Jew]]ish prisoners.
* [[August 7]] - [[IBM]] dedicates the first program-controlled [[calculator]], the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the [[Harvard Mark I]]).
* [[August 9]] - The [[United States Forest Service]] and the [[Wartime Advertising Council]] release posters featuring [[Smokey the Bear]] for the first time.
* [[August 12]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**Allies capture [[Florence]], [[Italy]].
**World's first undersea [[oil pipeline]] laid, between [[England]] and [[France]] in [[Operation Pluto]]
* [[August 15]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Operation Dragoon]] lands Allies in southern [[France]]. [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division]] participates in its fourth assault landing at St. Maxime, spearheading the drive for the Belfort Gap.
* [[August 19]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Start of Victorious insurrection in [[Paris]].
* [[August 20]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: American forces successfully defeat [[nazi]] forces at [[Chambois]]. This victory closed the [[Falaise Gap]].
* [[August 23]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Ion Antonescu]], prime minister of [[Romania]], is arrested and a new government is established. [[Romania]] exits the war against [[Soviet Union]] joining the [[Allies]].
* [[August 24]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Allies liberate [[Paris]], therefore ending The [[Battle of Normandy]].
* [[August 25]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Hungary]] decides to continue the war together with [[Germany]].
* [[August 29]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Slovakia|Slovak]] National Uprising against Axis powers begins.
*[[August 31]] - [[The Mad Gasser of Mattoon]] resumes his mysterious attacks in [[Mattoon, Illinois]].
===September===
*[[September 1]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: In [[Bulgaria]], the [[Ivan Ivanov Bagrianov|Bagrianov]] government resigns.
*[[September 2]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Holocaust: Diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from Westerbork to Auschwitz. They arrive three days later.
*[[September 3]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Allies liberate [[Brussels]].
*[[September 4]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**The [[United Kingdom|British]] 11th Armored Division liberates the city of [[Antwerp]] in [[Belgium]].
**Finland breaks off relations with [[Germany]].
*[[September 5]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The Soviets declare war on [[Bulgaria]].
*[[September 7]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The Belgian government returns from exile in Britain.
*[[September 8]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[London]] is hit by a [[V2 rocket]] for the first time.
**The French town of [[Menton]] is liberated from [[Germany]].
*[[September 9]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Insurrection in [[Sofia]].
*[[September 11]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Northern and Southern France invasion forces link up near [[Dijon]].
*[[September 17]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Operation Market Garden]] begins.
*[[September 19]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Armistice between Finland and Soviet Union signed. (End of the [[Continuation War]])
*[[September 20]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Jüri Uluots]], prime minister in capacity of president of [[Estonia]], escapes to [[Sweden]]. Two days later, [[Tallinn]] is taken over by the [[Red Army]].
*[[September 24]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division]] takes the strongly defended city of [[Epinal]] before crossing the [[Moselle River]] and entering the western foothills of the Vosges.
*[[September 26]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Operation Market Garden]] ends in an Allied withdrawal.
**On [[Gothic Line#Central Front (5th Army)| middle front]] of [[Gothic Line#Battle| Gothic Line]] Brazilians troops controlled the Serchio valley region after ten days of fighting.
===October===
* [[October 2]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[Warsaw Uprising]] ends.
**Holocaust: [[Nazism|Nazi]] troops end the [[Warsaw Uprising]].
* [[October 5]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] pilots shoot down the first [[Germany|German]] [[Jet aircraft|jet fighter]] over Holland )
* [[October 6]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Battle of Debrecen]] starts on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] (lasts until [[October 29]]).
* [[October 8]] - The [[radio]] show, ''[[The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet]]'' debuts.
* [[October 9]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] and [[Soviet Union]] Premier [[Joseph Stalin]] begin a nine-day conference in [[Moscow]] to discuss the future of [[Europe]].
* [[October 10]] - [[Holocaust]]: 800 [[Roma (people)|Gypsy]] children are systematically murdered at [[Auschwitz]] death camp
* [[October 12]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The Allies land at [[Athens]].
* [[October 13]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Riga]], the capital of [[Latvia]] is taken over by the [[Red Army]].
* [[October 14]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Germany|German]] [[Field Marshal]] [[Erwin Rommel]] committed suicide rather than face execution for allegedly conspiring against [[Adolf Hitler]].
* [[October 18]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Volkssturm]] founded on [[Hitler]]'s orders.
* [[October 20]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**[[Belgrade]] is liberated by Yugoslav Partisans and the [[Red Army]].
**[[LNG]] explosion destroys a [[square mile]] (2.6 km²) of [[Cleveland, Ohio]].
**Landed by the American forces in Red Beach in [[Palo, Leyte]], since general [[Douglas MacArthur]] returned to the [[Philippines]] with the Philippine Commonwealth president [[Sergio Osmeña]] with the Philippine generals of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] are general Basilio Valdes and general [[Carlos P. Romulo]].
**The United States and Filipino troops with the Filipino guerillas started in the [[Battle of Leyte]].
**The American forces landed the beaches in [[Dulag, Leyte]], the [[Philippines]] by the attacked from the Japanese occupation forces, and continued by the Filipino troops entered to the town.
* [[October 21]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Aachen]],the first [[Germany|German]] city to fall, is captured by the Americans.
* [[October 23]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Naval [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]] in the [[Philippines]] begins (lasts until [[October 26]]).
* [[October 25]]
**[[Florence Foster Jenkins]] recital in the [[Carnegie Hall]]
**[[World War II|WWII]]: [[Red Army]] liberates [[Kirkenes]], the first town in [[Norway]] to be liberated from German occupation.
* [[October 30]] - [[Anne Frank]] and sister [[Margot Frank]] are deported from [[Auschwitz]] to the [[Bergen-Belsen]] [[concentration camp]].
* [[October 31]] - Mass murderer [[Marcel Petiot]] is apprehended in [[Paris Métro]] station
===November===
* [[November 3]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Two supreme commanders of the [[Slovak National Uprising]], Generals [[Ján Golian]] and [[Rudolf Viest]] are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.
* [[November 7]]
**[[U.S. presidential election, 1944]]: [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] wins reelection over [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] challenger [[Thomas E. Dewey]] to become the only U.S. president to be elected to a fourth term.
**[[Rail transport in Puerto Rico#Tragedy on election day in 1944|Passenger train derails]] in [[Aguadilla]], [[Puerto Rico]] due to excessive speed in a declining hill. 16 killed; 50 injured.
* [[November 22]] - [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] introduces [[conscription]] in [[Canada]] (see [[Conscription Crisis of 1944]]).
* [[November 24]] - The entire territory of [[Estonia]] is taken over by the [[Red Army]].
===December===
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* [[December 30]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Edward Stettinius Jr.]] becomes the last [[United States Secretary of State]] of the [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] administration, by filling the seat left by [[Cordell Hull]].
* [[December 3]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Civil war]] breaks out in a newly-liberated [[Greece]], between [[Communism|Communists]] and royalists.
* [[December 10]] - Legendary Italian conductor [[Arturo Toscanini]] leads a concert performance of the first half of [[Beethoven]]'s ''[[Fidelio]]'' (minus its spoken dialogue) on [[NBC]] radio, starring [[Rose Bampton]]. He chooses this opera for its political message - a statement against tyranny and dictatorship. Conducting it in German, Toscanini intends it as a tribute to the German people who are being oppressed by Hitler. The second half will be broadcast a week later. The performance will later be released on LP and CD. This is the first of seven operas that the Maestro will conduct on radio.
* [[December 12]] and [[December 13|13]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: British units attempt to take the hilltop town of Tossignano; they are repulsed.
* [[December 13]] - The United States and Philippine Commonwealth troops landed in [[Mindoro Island]], the [[Philippines]] by the attack the Japanese forces during the [[Battle of Mindoro]].
* [[December 14]] - Soviet government change Turkish names of place to Russian in Crimean
* [[December 15]] - A private airplane carrying bandleader [[Glenn Miller]] disappears in heavy fog over the [[English Channel]] while flying to [[Paris]].
* [[December 16]] - [[World War II|WWII]]:
**Germany begins the Ardennes offensive, later to become known as [[Battle of the Bulge]].
**General [[George C. Marshall]] becomes the first [[General of the Army (United States)|Five-Star General]].
* [[December 17]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: German troops carry out the [[Malmedy massacre]].
* [[December 22]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Brigadier General [[Anthony C. McAuliffe]], commander of the U.S. forces defending [[Bastogne]], refuses to accept demands for surrender by sending a one-word reply, "Nuts!", to the German command.
* [[December 24]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The Bulge reaches its deepest point at [[Celles]].
* [[December 26]]
**[[World War II|WWII]]: American troops repulse [[Germany|German]] forces at [[Bastogne]].
**Premiere of ''[[The Glass Menagerie]]'' by [[Tennessee Williams]].
* [[December 30]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: King [[George II of Greece]] declares a regency, leaving his throne vacant.
* [[December 31]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Hungary]] declares war on [[Germany]].
* [[December 31]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: over hundreds of thousands of the Japanese Imperial forces killed in action, after the battles from the Filipino and American military forces are victory after the [[Battle of Leyte]].
===Undated===
* In [[Sweden]], the law of 1864 that criminalizes homosexuality is abolished.
*Swedish author of children's books [[Astrid Lindgren]] publishes her first book ''[[Pippi Longstocking]]''.
* In [[Sweden]], Erik Wallenberg and Ruben Rausing invent a way to package milk in paper and start the company [[Tetra Pak]].
* [[Hans Asperger]] publishes his paper on [[Asperger's syndrome|Asperger's Syndrome]]
* [[National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence]] established.
* [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Arctic]] [[List of explorers|explorer]] [[Henry Larsen]] becomes the first person to successfully navigate the [[Northwest Passage]] in both directions in a schooner. He would chronicle the event in his [[autobiography]], entitled “The Big Ship” ({{ASIN|B000ETAS4K}}).<ref>"Year by Year 1944" -- [[History Channel International]]</ref>
===Ongoing===
* [[Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)|Sino-Japanese War]] ([[1937]]-[[1945]])
* [[World War II|Second World War]] ([[1939]]-[[1945]])
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Shōwa]] 19}}
''For more 1944 births see [[:Category:1944 births]]''
===January-February===
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* [[January 1]] - [[Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir]], President of the [[Sudan]]
* [[January 2]] - Prince [[Norodom Ranariddh]], Cambodian politician
* [[January 3]] - [[Chris von Saltza]], American swimmer
* [[January 6]]
**[[Bonnie Franklin]], American actress
**[[Rolf M. Zinkernagel]], Swiss immunologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
* [[January 9]] - [[Ian Hornak]], American Painter, Draughtsman and Sculptor (d. [[2002]])
* [[January 9]] - [[Jimmy Page]], English guitarist ([[Led Zeppelin]])
* [[January 12]] - [[Joe Frazier]], American boxer
* [[January 17]] - [[Françoise Hardy]], French singer
* [[January 18]] - [[Paul Keating]], twenty-fourth [[Prime Minister of Australia]]
* [[January 19]] - [[Shelley Fabares]], American actress and singer
* [[January 23]] - [[Rutger Hauer]], Dutch actor
* [[January 25]] - [[Anita Pallenberg]], Italian model and actress
* [[January 26]] - [[Angela Davis]], American feminist and activist
* [[January 27]]
**[[Peter Akinola]], Nigerian religious leader
**[[Mairead Corrigan]], Northern Irish activist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]
**[[Nick Mason]], English drummer ([[Pink Floyd]])
* [[January 28]]
**[[Susan Howard]], American actress
**[[John Tavener]], British composer
* [[February 3]] - [[Dave Davies]], British musician ([[The Kinks]])
* [[February 5]] - [[Al Kooper]], American musician ([[Blood, Sweat, and Tears]])
* [[February 9]] - [[Alice Walker]], American writer
* [[February 10]] - [[Vernor Vinge]], American writer
* [[February 11]] - [[Michael G. Oxley]], American politician
* [[February 12]] - [[Moe Bandy]], country music singer
* [[February 13]]
**[[Stockard Channing]], American actress
**[[Jerry Springer]], English-born television host
* [[February 14]]
**[[Carl Bernstein]], American journalist
**[[Alan Parker]], English-born film director, actor, and writer
* [[February 16]] - [[Richard Ford]], American writer
* [[February 17]] - [[Karl Jenkins]], Welsh composer
* [[February 20]] - [[Willem van Hanegem]], Dutch football player and coach
* [[February 22]]
**[[Jonathan Demme]], American film director, producer, and writer
**[[Tom Okker]], Dutch tennis player
* [[February 23]] - [[Johnny Winter]], American musician
* [[February 24]] - [[Nicky Hopkins]], British musician (d. [[1994]])
* [[February 27]] - [[Ken Grimwood]], American writer (d. [[2003]])
* [[February 28]] - [[Sepp Maier]], German footballer
* [[February 29]] - [[Dennis Farina]], American actor
===March-April===
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* [[March 1]]
**[[John Breaux]], U.S. Senator from Louisiana
**[[Roger Daltrey]], English musician ([[The Who]])
* [[March 2]] - [[Uschi Glas]], German actress
* [[March 4]]
**[[Harvey Postlethwaite]], British engineer and race car designer (d. [[1999]])
**[[Mary Wilson (singer)]], American singer
**[[Bobby Womack]], American singer and songwriter
* [[March 6]] - [[Kiri Te Kanawa]], New Zealand soprano
* [[March 8]] - [[Buzz Hargrove]], Canadian labour leader
* [[March 11]] - [[Don Maclean]], British comedian
* [[March 15]] - [[Sly Stone]], American singer
* [[March 17]] - [[John Sebastian]], American singer and songwriter ([[The Lovin' Spoonful]])
* [[March 19]]
**[[Said Musa]], [[Prime Minister of Belize]]
**[[Sirhan Sirhan]], Palestinian assassin of [[Robert F. Kennedy]]
* [[March 24]] - [[R. Lee Ermey]], U.S. Marine and actor
* [[March 26]] - [[Diana Ross]], American singer (The Supremes)
* [[March 28]] - [[Rick Barry]], American basketball player
* [[March 29]] - [[Denny McLain]], baseball player
* [[April 3]] - [[Tony Orlando]], American musician
* [[April 4]] - [[Magda Aelvoet]], Belgian politician
* [[April 6]] - [[Felicity Palmer]], English soprano
* [[April 7]] - [[Gerhard Schröder]], [[Chancellor of Germany]]
* [[April 8]]
**[[Jimmy Walker (basketball)| Jimmy Walker]], American professional basketball player (d.[[2007]])
**[[Odd Nerdrum]], Norwegian painter
* [[April 11]] - [[John Milius]], American film director, producer, and screenwriter
* [[April 13]] - [[Jack Casady]], American musician ([[Jefferson Airplane]] and [[Hot Tuna]])
* [[April 15]] - [[Dzhokhar Dudayev]], Chechen leader, the first President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, an unrecognized breakaway state in the North Caucasus (d. [[1996]])
* [[April 19]] - [[James Heckman]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* [[April 22]] - [[Steve Fossett]], American aviator, sailor and millionaire adventurer ([[missing person|m.]] [[2007]], [[legally dead|l. d.]] [[2008]])
* [[April 27]] - [[Michael Fish]], British TV weatherman
* [[April 28]] - [[Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe]], Belgian politician
* [[April 29]] - [[Richard Kline]], American actor and television director
* [[April 30]] - [[Jill Clayburgh]], American actress
===May-June===
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* [[May 1]] - [[Suresh Kalmadi]], Indian politician
* [[May 4]] - [[Paul Gleason]], American actor (d. [[2006]])
* [[May 5]] - [[John Rhys-Davies]], Welsh actor
* [[May 8]] - [[Gary Glitter]], English singer
* [[May 9]] - [[Richie Furay]], American musician ([[Poco]] and [[Buffalo Springfield]])
* [[May 10]] - [[Jim Abrahams]], American film director
* [[May 12]] - [[Sara Kestelman]], British actor
* [[May 13]] - [[Armistead Maupin]], American author
* [[May 14]] - [[George Lucas]], American film director and producer
* [[May 20]]
**[[Joe Cocker]], British singer
**[[Boudewijn de Groot]], Dutch singer
**[[Dietrich Mateschitz]], Austrian businessman
* [[May 21]] - [[Mary Robinson]], [[President of Ireland]]
* [[May 23]]
**[[John Newcombe]], Australian tennis player
**[[Avraham Oz]], Israeli Professor of Theatre, translator, and political activist
* [[May 24]] - [[Patti LaBelle]], American singer
* [[May 25]] - [[Frank Oz]], English puppeteer and film director
* [[May 28]]
**[[Rudy Giuliani]], former Mayor of New York City
**[[Gladys Knight]], American singer
**[[Patricia Quinn]], Northern Irish actress
**[[Rita MacNeil]], Canadian folk singer
* [[May 30]] - [[Meredith MacRae]], American actress (d. [[2000]])
<!--JUNE-->
* [[June 1]] - [[Robert Powell]], English actor
* [[June 3]] - [[Edith McGuire]], American sprinter
* [[June 4]] - [[Michelle Phillips]], American singer ([[Mamas and the Papas]]) and actress
* [[June 5]]
**[[Tommie Smith]], American athlete
**[[Colm Wilkinson]], Irish singer
* [[June 6]] - [[Phillip Allen Sharp]], American scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
* [[June 8]]
**[[Don Grady]], American actor and singer
**[[Mark Belanger]], baseball player (d. [[1998]])
* [[June 24]]
**[[Jeff Beck]], British musician
**[[John "Charlie" Whitney]], British rock guitarist ([[Family (band)|Family]])
* [[June 29]] - [[Gary Busey]], American actor
* [[June 30]] - [[Raymond Moody]], parapsychologist
===July-August===
* [[July 8]] - [[Jeffrey Tambor]], American actor
* [[July 13]] - [[Ernő Rubik]], Hungarian inventor
* [[July 17]] - [[Mark Burgess (cricket player)|Mark Burgess]], [[New Zealand]] [[cricket]] [[captains]]
* [[July 21]]
**[[Tony Scott]], English film director
**[[Paul Wellstone]], U.S. Senator from Minnesota (d. [[2002]])
* [[July 23]] - [[Alex Buzo]], of Sydney, Australian playwright and author (d. [[2006]])
* [[July 27]] - [[Tony Capstick]], English comedian, actor, and musician (d. [[2003]])
* [[July 31]]
**[[Geraldine Chaplin]], American actress
**[[Robert C. Merton]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
<!--AUGUST-->
* [[August 2]] - [[Jim Capaldi]], British drummer, singer, and songwriter ([[Traffic (band)|Traffic]]) (d. [[2005]])
* [[August 4]]
**[[Richard Belzer]], American actor and comedian
**[[Orhan Gencebay]], Turkish musician, baglama virtuoso, composer, singer, arranger, music producer, music director, and actor.
* [[August 8]] - [[Brooke Bundy]], American actress
* [[August 9]] - [[Sam Elliott]], American actor
* [[August 11]] - [[Ian McDiarmid]], Scottish actor
* [[August 13]] - [[Kevin Tighe]], American actor
* [[August 15]] - [[Sylvie Vartan]], Bulgarian singer
* [[August 19]] - [[Bodil Malmsten]], Swedish writer
* [[August 20]] - [[Linda Clifford (singer)|Linda Clifford]], American R&B and dance singer
* [[August 21]]
**[[Peter Weir]], Australian film director
**[[Kari S. Tikka]], Finnish Professor of Finance (d. [[2006]])
* [[August 23]] - [[Saira Banu]], Indian actress
* [[August 26]] - [[HRH]] [[Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester|Prince Richard of Gloucester]]
* [[August 31]]
**[[Roger Dean (artist)|Roger Dean]], British artist
**[[Jos LeDuc]], Canadian professional wrestler (d. [[1999]])
===September-October===
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* [[September 1]] - [[Leonard Slatkin]], American conductor
* [[September 2]] - [[Gilles Marchal]], French musician
* [[September 6]] - [[Christian Boltanski]], French artist.
* [[September 7]]
**[[Earl Manigault]], American basketball player (d. [[1998]])
**[[Bora Milutinovic]], Serbian football coach
* [[September 12]]
**[[Leonard Peltier]], U.S. Presidential candidate
**[[Barry White]], American singer (d. [[2003]])
* [[September 16]] - [[Betty Kelley]], American singer (Martha and the Vandellas)
* [[September 17]] - [[Reinhold Messner]], Italian Mountaineer
* [[September 19]] - [[Ismet Özel]], Turkish poet
* [[September 21]] - [[Hamilton Jordan]], Carter's first [[White House Chief of Staff|Chief of Staff]] (d. [[2008]])
* [[September 22]] - [[Frazer Hines]], British actor
* [[September 25]] - [[Michael Douglas]], American actor
* [[September 26]] - [[Anne Robinson]], British television host
* [[September 30]] - [[Jimmy Johnstone]], Scottish footballer
* [[October 6]] - [[Mylon LeFevre]], American singer and evangelist
* [[October 9]]
**[[John Entwistle]], English musician ([[The Who]]) (d. [[2002]])
**[[Nona Hendryx]], singer ([[LaBelle]])
**[[Peter Tosh]], Jamaican singer and musician (d. [[1987]])
* October 12 - Ronnie Fischer (Baseball)
* [[October 15]]
**[[David Trimble]], Northern Irish politician, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]
**[[Şerif Gören]], Turkish film director
* [[October 28]]
**[[Dennis Franz]], American actor
**[[Ian Marter]], British actor (d. [[1986]])
===November-December===
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*[[November 4]] - [[Linda Gary]], American voice-over artist (d. [[1995]])
*[[November 7]] - [[Joe Niekro]], baseball player (d. [[2006]])
*[[November 10]] - [[Silvestre Reyes]], American politician
*[[November 11]] - [[Kemal Sunal]], a master of comedy in the Turkish history of cinema
*[[November 12]]
**[[Booker T. Jones]], American musician, singer, and songwriter ([[Booker T. and the M.G.'s]])
**[[Al Michaels]], American sportscaster
*[[November 16]] - [[Oliver Braddick]], British Psychologist
*[[November 17]]
**[[Danny DeVito]], American actor
**[[Rem Koolhaas]], Dutch architect
**[[Lorne Michaels]], Canadian film producer
**[[Tom Seaver]], baseball player
*[[November 18]] - [[Wolfgang Joop]], German artist, fashion designer and art collector
*[[November 21]] - [[Richard Durbin]], American politician
*[[November 24]] - [[Ibrahim Gambari]], Nigerian scholar and diplomat
*[[November 25]] - [[Ben Stein]], American law professor, actor, and author
<!--DECEMBER-->
* [[December 2]] - [[Ibrahim Rugova]], first [[President of Kosovo]] (d. [[2006]])
* [[December 6]] - [[Jonathan King]], British music producer
* [[December 7]] - [[Daniel Chorzempa]], American organist
* [[December 9]] - [[Ki Longfellow]], American novelist
* [[December 12]] - [[Kenneth Cranham]], Scottish born actor
* [[December 21]]
**[[Zheng Xiaoyu]], Chinese bureaucrat (d. [[2007]])
**[[Michael Tilson Thomas]], American conductor
**[[Bill Atkinson (footballer)|Bill Atkinson]], English footballer
* [[December 22]] - [[Steve Carlton]], baseball player
* [[December 23]]
**[[Wesley Clark]], U.S. general and NATO Supreme Allied Commander
**[[Ingar Knudtsen]], Norwegian writer
* [[December 25]] - [[Jairzinho]], Brazilian football player
* [[December 26]] - [[Eli Cohen]], Israeli Spy
* [[December 28]] - [[Kary Mullis]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate
==Deaths==
For more 1944 deaths see [[:Category:1944 deaths]]
===January - March===
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* [[January 1]] - [[Charles Turner (cricketer)|Charles Turner]], Australian cricketer (b. [[1862]])
* [[January 5]] - [[Kaj Munk]] Danish playwright and martyr (b. [[1898]]) (executed)
* [[January 6]] - [[Ida Tarbell]], American journalist (b. [[1857]])
* [[January 10]] - [[William Emerson Ritter]], American biologist (b. [[1856]])
* [[January 11]] - [[Edgard Potier]], Belgian spy (b. [[1903]])
* [[January 20]] - [[James McKeen Cattell]], American psychologist (b. [[1860]])
* [[January 23]] - [[Edvard Munch]], Norwegian painter (b. [[1863]])
* [[January 31]]
**[[Jean Giraudoux]], French writer (b. [[1882]])
**[[William Allen White]], American journalist (b. [[1868]])
* [[February 1]] - [[Piet Mondriaan]], Dutch painter (b. [[1872]])
* [[February 4]] - [[Yvette Guilbert]], French singer and actress (b. [[1867]])
* [[February 11]] - [[Carl Meinhof]], German linguist (b. [[1857]])
* [[February 21]] - [[Ferenc Szisz]], Hungarian-born race car driver (b. [[1873]])
* [[March 4]] - [[Louis Buchalter]], Jewish American mobster, head of Murder, Inc. (b. [[1897]])
* [[March 5]] - [[Max Jacob]], French poet (b. [[1876]])
* [[March 22]] - [[Pierre Brossolette]], journalist and French Resistance fighter (b. [[1903]])
* [[March 24]] - [[Orde Wingate]], British soldier (b. [[1903]])
===April - June===
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* [[April 9]] - [[Evgeniya Rudneva]], Soviet World War II heroine (b. [[1920]])
* [[April 17]] - [[Jack Hearne (John Thomas Hearne)|J.T. Hearne]] English cricketer (b. [[1867]])
* [[April 25]] - [[George Herriman]], American cartoonist (b. [[1880]])
* [[April 28]] - [[Paul Poiret]], French couturier (b. [[1879]])
* [[April 29]] - [[Bernardino Machado]], [[President of Portugal]] (b. [[1851]])
* [[May 12]] - [[Max Brand]], American author (b. [[1892]])
* [[May 12]] - [[Arthur Quiller-Couch|Q]], British writer (b. [[1863]])
* [[May 16]] - [[George Ade]], American author (b. [[1866]])
*June - [[Joseph Campbell (poet)|Joseph Campbell]], Northern Irish poet and lyricist (b. [[1879]])
* [[June 27]] - [[Milan Hodža]], Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (b. [[1878]])
===July - September===
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*[[July 6]]
**[[Andrée Borrel]], French World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1919]])
**[[Vera Leigh]], English World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1903]])
**[[Sonia Olschanezky]], German World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1923]])
**[[Diana Rowden]], English World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1915]])
*[[July 7]] - [[Georges Mandel]], French politician and World War II hero (executed) (b. [[1885]])
*[[July 26]] - [[Reza Pahlavi of Iran|Reza Pahlavi]], [[Shah of Iran]] (b. [[1877]])
*[[July 31]] - [[Antoine de Saint-Exupery]], French pilot and writer (b. [[1900]])
* [[August 1]] -[[Manuel L. Quezon]], Philippine president (b. [[1878]])
* [[August 4]] - [[Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński]], Polish poet, [[Warsaw Uprising]]
* [[August 8]] - [[Chaim Soutine]], Russian painter (b. [[1893]])
* [[August 12]] - [[Suzanne Spaak]], Belgian World War II heroine (executed)
* [[August 19]] - [[Henry Wood (conductor)|Henry Wood]], British conductor (b. [[1869]])
* [[August 23]] - [[Abdul Mejid II]], Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (b. [[1868]])
* [[August 26]]
**[[Adam von Trott zu Solz]], German diplomat (executed) (b. [[1909]])
**[[Hans Leesment]], Estonian general (b. [[1873]])
* [[August 27]] - [[Princess Mafalda of Savoy]] (executed) (b. [[1902]])
<!--SEPTEMBER-->
*[[September 6]]
**[[Gustave Biéler]], Swiss World War II hero (executed) (b. [[1904]])
**[[Jan Franciszek Czartoryski]], Polish RC priest, executed during the [[Warsaw Uprising]]
*[[September 9]] - [[Robert Benoist]], French race car driver and war hero (executed) (b. [[1895]])
*[[September 11]]
**[[Yolande Beekman]], French World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1911]])
**[[Madeleine Damerment]], French World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1917]])
**[[Noor Inayat Khan]], Indian princess and World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1914]])
*[[September 13]] - [[Heath Robinson]], British cartoonist and illustrator (b. [[1872]])
*[[September 14]]
**[[John Kenneth Macalister]], Canadian World War II hero (executed) (b. [[1914]])
**[[Frank Pickersgill]], Canadian World War II hero (executed) (b. [[1915]])
**[[Roméo Sabourin]], Canadian World War II hero (executed) (b. [[1923]])
*[[September 16]] - [[Gustav Bauer]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (b. [[1870]])
*[[September 25]] - [[Eugeniusz Lokajski]], Polish athlete, gymnast and photographer, [[Warsaw Uprising]]
===October - December===
*[[October 4]] - [[Al Smith]], American politician (b. [[1873]])
*[[October 8]] - [[Wendell Willkie]], American politician (b. [[1892]])
*[[October 14]] - [[Erwin Rommel]], German Field Marshal (b. [[1891]])
*[[October 21]] - [[Alois Kayser]], German missionary (b. [[1877]])
*[[October 23]] - [[Charles Glover Barkla]], English physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1877]])
*[[October 24]] - [[Shoji Nishimura]], Japanese [[Vice admiral]] (b. [[1889]])
*[[October 26]]
**[[HRH]] [[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|The Princess Beatrice]], youngest and last living child of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] (b. [[1857]])
**[[William Temple (archbishop)|William Temple]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. [[1881]])
*[[November 2]] - [[Thomas Midgley]], American chemist and inventor (b. [[1889]])
*[[November 5]] - [[Alexis Carrel]], French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1873]])
*[[November 7]] - [[Hannah Szenes]], Hungarian World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1921]])
*[[December 2]] - [[Josef Lhévinne]], Russian pianist (b. [[1874]])
*[[December 4]] - [[Roger Bresnahan]], baseball player (b. [[1879]])
*[[December 13]] - [[Wassily Kandinsky]], Russian-born artist (b. [[1866]])
*[[December 30]] - [[Romain Rolland]], French writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1866]])
*[[December 31]] - [[Vicente Lim]], Filipino general of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] (b. [[1889]])
*''date unknown'' - [[Gerald Haxton]] secretary and lover of the famous novelist and playwright [[W. Somerset Maugham]] (b. [[1892]])
==Nobel prizes==
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Isidor Isaac Rabi]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - [[Otto Hahn]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] - [[Joseph Erlanger]], [[Herbert Spencer Gasser]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] - [[Johannes Vilhelm Jensen]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - International Committee of the [[Red Cross]].
==Ship events==
* [[List of ship launches in 1944|Ship launches]]
* [[List of ship commissionings in 1944|Ship commissionings]]
* [[List of ship decommissionings in 1944|Ship decommissionings]]
* [[List of shipwrecks in 1944|Shipwrecks]]
==Notes==
<references/>
{{commonscat}}
[[Category:1944| ]]
[[af:1944]]
[[am:1944 እ.ኤ.አ.]]
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