1945 34624 226071630 2008-07-16T18:25:54Z 134.106.12.58 /* January */ formatted multiply-used dates {{year nav|1945}} {{C20YearInTopicX}} Year '''1945''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXLV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar). It is most widely known for being the year in which [[World War II]] ended. It is also known as the beginning of the [[Information Age]].{{Fact|date=June 2008}} {{C20YearTOCship}} == Events of 1945 == :: ''(Below, many events of [[World War II]] have the "[[World War II|WWII]]" prefix.)'' ===January=== <!-- Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:Auschwitz gate brama 1940s.jpg|thumb|230px|right| [[January 27|Jan. 27]]: [[Soviet Union]] liberates [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]].]] *January - American troops cross the [[Siegfried Line]] into Belgium * [[January 5]] - [[Soviet Union]] recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of [[Poland]]. * [[January 7]] - [[United Kingdom|British]] General [[Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Bernard Montgomery]] holds a press conference at [[Zonhoven]] describing his contribution to the [[Battle of the Bulge]]. * [[January 12]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Soviet Union]] begins the [[Vistula-Oder Offensive]] in [[Eastern Europe]] against the [[Nazism|Nazis]]. * [[January 13]] - A Soviet patrol arrests [[Raoul Wallenberg]] in [[Hungary]]. * [[January 16]] - [[Adolf Hitler]] evacuates to his underground bunker, the ''[[Führerbunker]]''. * [[January 17]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **[[Soviet Union]] occupies [[Warsaw]]. **[[Holocaust]]: [[Nazism|Nazis]] begin to evacuate from [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] [[concentration camp]]. * [[January 20]] **[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] is inaugurated to an unprecedented fourth term as [[President of the United States]]. **[[Hungary]] drops out of the [[World War II|Second World War]], agreeing to an [[armistice]] with the [[Allies]]. * [[January 24]] - First successful launch of the German [[A4b]]-Rocket * [[January 27]] - The [[Red Army]] arrives at [[Auschwitz]] and Birkenau in [[Poland]] and find the [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[concentration camp]] where 1.3 million people were murdered. * [[January 28]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Supplies begin to reach [[China]] over the newly reopened [[Burma Road]]. * [[January 30]] ** The ''[[KdF Ship Wilhelm Gustloff|Wilhelm Gustloff]]'' ship with over 10,000 mainly civilian Germans from Gotenhafen ([[Gdynia]]) in the [[Gdansk Bay]] is sunk by 3 [[torpedo]]es from the [[Soviet submarine S-13]] in the [[Baltic Sea]]. Based on recent research, over 9,000 died. **121 American Soldiers and other 200 Filipino guerrillas commence the [[Raid at Cabanatuan|Raid of Cabanatuan]], freeing 513 American & British [[Prisoner of War|POWs]] from the Japanese-held camp at [[Cabanatuan City]], [[Philippines]]. * [[January 31]] - [[Eddie Slovik]] is executed by firing squad for [[desertion]], the first American soldier since the [[American Civil War]], and last to date to be executed for this offence. ===February=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> {| align = right | [[Image:Yalta summit 1945 with Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin.jpg|thumb|250px|''February 2'': The "Big Three" at the [[Yalta Conference]], [[Winston Churchill]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and [[Joseph Stalin]].]] |} * [[February 2]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] leave to meet with [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] leader [[Joseph Stalin]] at the [[Yalta Conference]]. * [[February 3]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Soviet Union]] agrees to enter the Pacific Theater conflict against [[Japan]]. * [[February 4]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] [[Winston Churchill]] and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] leader [[Joseph Stalin]] begin the [[Yalta Conference]] (ends [[February 11]]) * [[February 6]] - French writer [[Robert Brasillach]] executed for [[collaborationism|collaboration]] with the Germans * Robert Nesta Marley was born in Jamaica. * [[February 7]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: General [[Douglas MacArthur]] returns to [[Manila]] * [[February 9]] - [[Walter Ulbricht]] becomes the leader of German [[communism|communists]] in [[Moscow]] * [[February 10]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Dampfschiff General von Steuben|SS General von Steuben]] sunk by the [[Soviet submarine S-13]]. * [[February 13]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **[[Soviet Union]] forces capture [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]] from the [[Nazism|Nazis]]. **The [[Royal Air Force]] [[Bombing of Dresden in World War II|bombs Dresden]], [[Germany]]. * [[February 14]] - [[Chile]], [[Ecuador]], [[Paraguay]] and [[Peru]] join the [[United Nations]]. * [[February 16]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **American and Filipino forces land on [[Corregidor]] island in the [[Philippines]]. **American and Filipino forces recapture the [[Bataan]] Peninsula * [[February 19]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Battle of Iwo Jima]] - about 30,000 [[United States Marine]]s landed on [[Iwo Jima]] starting the battle. * [[February 21]] - Last launch of an A4-rocket at [[Peenemünde]] * [[February 23]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **During the [[Battle of Iwo Jima]], a group of [[United States Marine]]s reach the top of [[Mount Suribachi]] on the island and are photographed raising the [[flag of the United States|American flag]]. The photo, ''[[Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima]]'' taken by [[Joe Rosenthal]] will later win a [[Pulitzer Prize]]. **The capital of the [[Philippines]], Manila, is liberated by [[United States|American]] and [[Philippine|Filipino]] forces. **The liberating Filipino and American troops entering in [[Intramuros, Manila]] by the attack from the Japanese forces. **Capitulation of German garrison in [[Poznań]], city is liberated by [[Red Army]] and Polish forces. * [[February 24]] - Egyptian Premier [[Ahmed Maher Pasha]] is killed in Parliament after reading a decree. ===March=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *Early March - [[Anne Frank|Annelies Marie Frank]], also called Anne Frank, dies in the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]] of [[typhus]]. * [[March 1]] - [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] gives what will be his last address to a joint session of Congress, reporting on the [[Yalta Conference]]. * [[March 2]] **Former US Vice-President [[Henry Agard Wallace]] starts his term of office as [[United States Secretary of Commerce|US Secretary of Commerce]], serving under President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] **Launch of the [[Bachem Ba 349|Bachem Ba 349 Natter]] from [[Stetten am kalten Markt]]. The Natter was the first manned rocket and developed as anti-aircraft weapon. The launch failed and the pilot died.<ref>"Year by Year 1945" -- [[History Channel International]]</ref> * [[March 3]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **Previously neutral [[Finland]] declares war on the [[Axis powers]]. **A possible experimental atomic test blast occurs at the Nazis' [[Ohrdruf]] military testing area. **The United States and Filipino troops take [[Manila]]. * [[March 4]] - In the [[United Kingdom]], [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Princess Elizabeth]], later to become Queen Elizabeth II, joins the [[British Army]] as a driver. * [[March 6]] - Communist-led government formed in [[Romania]] * [[March 7]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: American troops seize the bridge over the [[Rhine River]] at [[Remagen]], [[Germany]] and begin to cross. * [[March 8]] - [[Josip Broz Tito]] forms a government in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] * [[March 9]]-[[March 10]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: American [[B-29 Superfortress|B-29]] bombers attack [[Japan]] with [[incendiary bomb]]s. [[Tokyo]] is [[fire-bomb]]ed killing 100,000 citizens. * [[March 10]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Battle of Mindanao]] founded to the battles of the American and Philippine Commonwealth troops together with the Allied Filipino Guerrillas against the Japanese. * [[March 15]] - [[17th Academy Awards]] ceremony * [[March 16]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Battle of Iwo Jima]] ends, with small pockets of guerrilla resistance persisting past the official conclusion of the battle. * [[March 17]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Japan]]ese city of [[Kobe]] is [[fire-bomb]]ed by 331 [[B-29 Superfortress|B-29]] bombers, killing over 8,000. * [[March 18]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: 1,250 American bombers attack [[Berlin]]. * [[March 19]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **[[Adolf Hitler]] orders that all industries, military installations, shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in [[Germany]] be destroyed. **Off the coast of [[Japan]], bombers hit the [[aircraft carrier]] [[USS Franklin (CV-13)|USS ''Franklin'']], killing 800 of her crew and crippling the ship. * [[March 21]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] troops liberate [[Mandalay]], [[Myanmar|Burma]] * [[March 22]] - The [[Arab League]] is formed with the adoption of a charter in [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]. * [[March 24]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Operation Varsity]] takes place, with two airborne divisions capturing bridges across the [[River Rhine]] to aid the Alied advance. * [[March 29]] - The "Clash of Titans": [[George Mikan]] and [[Bob Kurland]] duelled at [[Madison Square Garden]]. [[Oklahoma State University|OSU]] defeats [[DePaul University|DePaul]] 52-44. * [[March 30]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Soviet Union]] forces invade [[Austria]] and take [[Vienna]]. [[Alger Hiss]] congratulated in Moscow for his part in bringing about the [[Western betrayal]] at the [[Yalta Conference]]. * From [[February 14]], [[1936]], to [[March 1]], 1945, [[AG Weser]] launched a total of 162 [[U-boats]]. ===April=== * [[April 1]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[United States]] troops land on [[Okinawa]] in the last campaign of the war. The [[Battle of Okinawa]] starts. * [[April 4]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: American troops liberate their first Nazi concentration camp, [[Ohrdruf]] [[death camp]] in [[Germany]]. * [[April 7]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **The first and only flight of the German ramming unit known as the [[Sonderkommando Elbe]] took place, resulting in the loss of some 24 [[B-17 Flying Fortress|B-17]]s and [[B-24 Liberator|B-24]]s of the United States [[Eighth Air Force]]. **The [[Japanese battleship Yamato|Japanese battleship ''Yamato'']] is sunk 200&nbsp;miles north of [[Okinawa]] while enroute on a [[Operation Ten-Go|suicide mission]]. **[[Visoko]] was liberated by the 7th, 9th and 17th Krajina brigades from the Tenth division of [[Yugoslav Partisan]] forces. **[[Kantaro Suzuki]] becomes the [[Prime Minister of Japan]] * [[April 9]] **Abwehr conspirators [[Wilhelm Canaris]], [[Hans Oster]] and [[Hans Dohanyi]] are hanged at [[Flossenberg concentration camp]] along with pastor [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]]. **[[World War II|WWII]]: [[Battle of Königsberg]], in [[East Prussia]], ends. * [[April 10]] - The [[Allied Forces]] liberate the [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[concentration camp]], [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]]. * [[April 12]] - [[President of the United States|United States President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] ([[1933]]-1945) dies suddenly at [[Warm Springs, Georgia]]; Vice President [[Harry S. Truman]] (1945-[[1953]]) becomes the 33rd President. * [[April 15]] - [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] liberated. * [[April 16]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Goya (ship)|Goya]] sunk by the [[Soviet submarine L-3]]. * [[April 18]] - U.S. [[war correspondent]] [[Ernie Pyle]] is killed by Japanese [[machine gun]] fire on the island of [[Ie Shima]] off [[Okinawa]]. * [[April 19]] - [[Rodgers and Hammerstein]]'s ''[[Carousel (musical)|Carousel]]'', a musical play based on [[Ferenc Molnar]]'s ''[[Liliom]]'', opens on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] and becomes their second long-running stage classic. * [[April 20]]- The [[League of Nations]] officially ceases to exist. *[[April 24]] - Retreating [[Wehrmacht|German troops]] destroy all the bridges over the [[Adige]] in [[Verona]], including the historical [[Ponte di Castelvecchio]] and [[Ponte Pietra]]. * [[April 25]] **Founding negotiations of [[United Nations]] in [[San Francisco]] **[[World War II|WWII]]: [[Elbe Day]], [[United States]] and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] troops link up at the [[Elbe River]], cutting [[Germany]] in two * [[April 26]] - [[Battle of Bautzen (World War II)]] - last "successful" German panzer-offensive in [[Bautzen]], the city is recaptured * [[April 27]] - U.S. Ordinance troops find the coffins of Frederick Wilhelm I, Frederick the Great, [[Paul Von Hindenburg]], and his wife * [[April 28]] - Italian dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] and his mistress, [[Clara Petacci]], are executed by Italian partisans as they attempt to flee the country. Their bodies are then hung by their heels in the public square of [[Milan]]. * [[April 29]] - Start of [[Operation Manna]]: British [[Avro Lancaster|Lancaster]] bombers drop food into the [[Netherlands]] to prevent the starvation of the civilian population. * [[April 30]] - [[Adolf Hitler]] and his wife of one day, [[Eva Braun]], [[Hitler's death|commit suicide]] as [[Red Army]] approaches [[Führerbunker]] in [[Berlin]]. [[Karl Dönitz]] succeeds Hitler as [[Reichspräsident|President of Germany]]. [[Joseph Goebbels]] succeeds Hitler as [[Chancellor of Germany]]. ===May=== {| align=right | |- | <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:British VE Day.jpg|thumb|300px|''May 8'': [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Princess Elizabeth]], [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Queen Elizabeth]], [[Winston Churchill]], [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]] and [[Princess Margaret]] celebrate [[V-E Day]] on the balcony of [[Buckingham Palace]].]] --> |} <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[May 1]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **[[Hamburg]] Radio announces that Hitler has died in battle, "...fighting up to his last breath against [[Bolshevism]]." **[[Joseph Goebbels]] and his wife commit suicide after killing their 6 children. Karl Dönitz appoints [[Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk]] as the new [[Chancellor of Germany]]. **Troops of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] 4th Army together with [[Slovenes|Slovene]] 9th Corpus NOV enter [[Trieste]]. * [[May 2]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **The [[Soviet Union]] announces the [[Battle of Berlin#Breakout and surrender|fall of Berlin]]. Soviet soldiers hoist the [[red flag]] over the ''[[Reich Chancellery#New Reich Chancellery (1938)|Reich Chancellery]]''.<!-- Red Flag over the Reichstag was 29 Apil --> **Troops of [[New Zealand Army]] [[2nd Division (New Zealand)|2nd Division]] enter [[Trieste]] a day after the [[Yugoslavs]]. [[German Army]] in [[Trieste]] surrenders to the [[New Zealand Army]]. **The last postage stamp utilized by [[Manzhouguo]] is issued. **Liberation of [[Lübeck]] by British Army. * [[May 3]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **Sinkings of the [[prison ship]]s [[Cap Arcona]], [[Thielbek]] and [[Deutschland IV (liner)|Deutschland]] by the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] in the [[Lübeck]] Bay. **Rocket scientist [[Wernher von Braun]] and 120 members of his team surrender to US forces. They later help start the US space program. * [[May 4]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **Liberation of the [[concentration camp]] [[Neuengamme]] near [[Hamburg]] by the British army. **Reddition of the North Germany army by Marshal [[Bernard Montgomery]]. **Holland liberated by Canadian troops. [http://www-lib.usc.edu/~anthonya/war/lib.htm] German troops officially surrender one day later. * [[May 5]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **[[Prague]] uprising against the Nazis. **[[Ezra Pound]], poet and author, is arrested by American soldiers in [[Italy]] for treason. **[[US 11th Armored Division]] liberates prisoners of [[Mauthausen concentration camp]] - including [[Simon Wiesenthal]] **[[Canada|Canadian]] soldiers liberate the city of [[Amsterdam]] from [[Nazism|Nazi]] occupation. ***[[Karl Dönitz|Admiral Karl Dönitz]] orders all [[U-boat]]s to cease offensive operations and return to their bases. ** A Japanese [[balloon bomb]] killed five children and a woman, [[Elsie Mitchell]] near [[Bly, Oregon]], when it exploded as they dragged it from the woods. They were the only people killed by enemy attack on the United States mainland during [[World War II]]. * [[May 6]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Axis Sally]] delivers her last [[propaganda]] broadcast to [[Allies|Allied]] troops (first was on [[December 11]], [[1941]]). * [[May 7]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: General [[Alfred Jodl]] signs unconditional surrender terms at [[Rheims]], [[France]], ending [[Germany]]'s participation in the war. The document will take effect the next day. * [[May 8]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **[[V-E Day]] (Victory in Europe, as [[Nazi Germany]] surrenders) commemorates the end of [[World War II]] in [[Europe]]. **British 8th Army together with Slovene partisan troops and motorized detachment of Yugoslav 4th Army arrives to [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]] and [[Klagenfurt]]. * [[May 8]]-[[May 29]] - In [[Algeria]], thousands die as French troops and released Italian POW's kill an estimated 6 thousand Algerian citizens [[Sétif massacre|(Sétif rebellion)]]. * [[May 9]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **Russian V-E day and [[Hermann Göring]] is captured by the [[United States Army]]; [[Norway]] arrests [[Vidkun Quisling]]; [[Soviet Union]] marks [[V-E Day]]. **[[Red Army]] enters Prague (capitulation of German occupation troops) **General [[Alexander Löhr]] Commander of German Army Group E near [[Topolsica|Topolšica]], [[Slovenia]], signs capitulation of German occupation troops. **[[Occupation of the Channel Islands]] ends with the liberation by British troops. [[Alderney]], annex of the [[concentration camp]] [[Neuengamme]] liberated. * [[May 14]] - [[May 15]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: the [[Battle of Poljana]]: the last battle of WWII in Europe is fought at [[Poljana]] near [[Slovenj Gradec]], [[Slovenia]] * [[May 23]] **[[Reichspräsident|President of Germany]] [[Karl Dönitz]] and [[Chancellor of Germany]] [[Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk]] are arrested by [[United Kingdom|British]] forces at [[Flensburg]]. They would respectively be the last German [[Head of state]] and [[Prime Minister|Head of government]] until [[1949]]. **[[Heinrich Himmler]], the head of the [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[Gestapo]], commits suicide in British custody. * [[May 28]] - [[William Joyce]], known as "[[Lord Haw-Haw]]" is captured. He is later charged with high treason in [[London]] for his English-language wartime broadcasts on German radio. He is hanged in January 1946. * [[May 29]] - Group of German communists, Ulbricht in the lead, arrive in [[Berlin]]. * [[May 30]] - [[Iran]]ian government demands that Soviet and British troops leave the country. ===June=== * [[June 1]] - British take over [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]] * [[June 5]] - [[Allied Control Council]], military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power. * [[June 6]] - King [[Haakon VII of Norway]] returns to Norway * [[June 11]] - [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] is re-elected as Canadian prime minister. Franck Committee recommends against a surprise nuclear bombing of Japan. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/timeline/1940/1945.htm] * [[June 12]] - [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] Army leaves [[Trieste]], leaving the [[New Zealand Army]] in control. * [[June 21]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[Battle of Okinawa]] ends. * [[June 24]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Victory parade in [[Red Square]] * [[June 25]] - [[Seán T. O'Kelly]] is elected the second [[President of Ireland]]. * [[June 26]] - [[United Nations]] charter signed. * [[June 29]] - [[Czechoslovakia]] cedes [[Ruthenia]] to [[Soviet Union]] ===July=== [[Image:Trinity shot color.jpg|thumb|145px|right| [[July 16]]: [[Trinity site|Trinity Test]] at night in [[Nevada]].]] * [[July 1]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Germany is divided between Allied occupation forces * [[July 5]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Liberation of the [[Philippines]] declared. * [[July 8]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Harry S. Truman]] was informed that [[Japan]] will talk peace if she can keep the Emperor. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/timeline/1940/1945.htm] * [[July 9]] - A [[forest fire]] breaks out in the [[Tillamook Burn]], the third fire in that area since 1933. * [[July 16]] - [[Nuclear testing]]: The [[Trinity site|Trinity Test]], the first test of an [[nuclear weapon|atomic bomb]], using 6 kilograms of [[plutonium]], succeeds in detonating, unleashing an explosion equivalent to that of 19 kilotons of TNT. * [[July 16]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: A train collision near [[Munich]], [[Germany]] kills 102 war prisoners. * [[July 17]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Potsdam Conference]] - At [[Potsdam]], the three main [[Allies|Allied]] leaders begin their final summit of the war. The meeting will end on [[August 2]]. * [[July 21]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Harry S. Truman]] approves order for atomic bombs to be used. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/timeline/1940/1945.htm] * [[July 23]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: French marshal [[Philippe Pétain]], who headed the [[Vichy government]] during [[World War II]] goes on trial, charged with treason. * [[July 26]] **[[Winston Churchill]] resigns as [[United Kingdom|Britain's]] prime minister after his [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] is soundly defeated by the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] in the [[United Kingdom general election, 1945|1945 general election]]. [[Clement Attlee]] becomes the new prime minister. **[[Potsdam Declaration]] demands Japan's unconditional surrender; Article 12 permitting Japan to retain the Emperor had been deleted by Truman. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/timeline/1940/1945.htm] * [[July 28]] **An [[United States Army Air Forces|Army Air Forces]] [[B-25]] bomber accidentally crashes into the [[Empire State Building]], killing 14 people. **[[World War II|WWII]]: [[Japan]] rejects [[Potsdam Declaration]] [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/timeline/1940/1945.htm]. * [[July 29]] - The [[BBC Light Programme]] [[radio station]] was launched, aimed at [[Mainstream (terminology)|mainstream]] light entertainment and [[music]]. * [[July 30]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: The [[USS Indianapolis (CA-35)|USS ''Indianapolis'']] is hit and sunk by the [[Japanese submarine I-58]]. Some 900 survivors jump into the sea and are adrift for 4 days. Nearly 600 die before help arrives. Captain [[Charles B. McVay III]] is later court-martialed. * [[July 31]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Pierre Laval]], fugitive former leader of [[Vichy France]], surrenders to [[Allies|Allied]] soldiers in Austria. [[Image:USS Indianapolis at Mare Island.jpg|thumb|225px|right| [[July 30]]: [[USS Indianapolis (CA-35)|USS ''Indianapolis'']] will be sunk.]] {{-}}<!-- reset to left margin, for future images added above --> ===August=== {| align=right | [[Image:Nagasakibomb.jpg|thumb|200px|''August 9'': The mushroom cloud from the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|nuclear bomb dropped on Nagasaki]] rising 18&nbsp;km into the air.]] |- | [[Image:Shigemitsu-signs-surrender.jpg|thumb|200px|''September 2'': Japan signs the [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender|Instrument of Surrender]] aboard the [[USS Missouri (BB-63)|USS ''Missouri'']].]] |} * [[August 6]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: the [[Atomic bombing of Hiroshima]]. The [[United States]] detonates an [[nuclear weapon|atomic bomb]] nicknamed "[[Little Boy]]" on [[Hiroshima, Japan|Hiroshima]], [[Japan]] at 8:15 a.m. (local time). * [[August 7]] - President Harry Truman announces the successful bombing of Hiroshima with an [[nuclear weapon|atomic bomb]] while returning from the Potsdam Conference aboard the heavy cruiser [[USS Augusta (CA-31)]] in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. * [[August 8]] - The [[United Nations Charter]] is ratified by the [[United States]], and that nation becomes the third to join the new international organization. Soviet Union declares war on Japan. * [[August 9]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **The [[United States]] detonates an [[atomic bomb]] nicknamed "[[Fat Man]]" over the city of [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]], [[Japan]] at 11:02 a.m. (local time). **The [[Soviet Union]] begins its offensive against Japan in the then Japanese controlled Chinese region of [[Manchuria]]. [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1986/RMF.htm] * [[August 10]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **[[Japan]] offers to surrender to the [[Allies]], "...provided this does not prejudice the sovereignty of the Emperor." **US drops warning leaflets on Nagasaki. [http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/timeline/1940/1945.htm] * [[August 11]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Allies]] reply to the Japanese surrender offer by saying that Emperor [[Hirohito]] would be subject to the authority of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces. * [[August 13]] - [[Zionism|Zionist]] World Congress approaches British government to talk about founding of [[Israel]]. * [[August 14]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Emperor [[Hirohito]] accepts the terms of the [[Potsdam Declaration]]. * [[August 15]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: **Emperor [[Hirohito]] announces Japan's surrender on the radio. The United States called this day [[V-J Day]] (Victory in Japan). This ends the period of [[Japanese expansionism]] and begins the period of [[Occupied Japan]]. **[[Korea]] gains independence following Japan's surrender * [[August 17]] - [[Indonesia]]n nationalists [[Soekarno]] and [[Mohammed Hatta]] declare the independence of Republic of [[Indonesia]], Soekarno as a president. Dutch colonial authorities do not approve. [[Animal Farm]] by [[George Orwell]] is first published by [[Fredric Warburg]] * [[August 19]] - [[Vietnam War]]: [[Viet Minh]] led by [[Ho Chi Minh]] take power in [[Hanoi]], [[Vietnam]]. * End of August - [[Chinese Civil War]]: [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Chiang Kai-shek]] meet in [[Chongqing]] to discuss an end to hostilities between the [[Communist Party of China|Communists]] and the [[Kuomintang|Nationalists]]. ===September=== * [[September 2]] **The Commanding of the Imperial Japanese Army general [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]] surrendered to the Filipino and American forces at [[Kiangan, Ifugao]]. **[[World War II]] ends: The final official surrender of [[Japan]] was accepted by Supreme Allied Commander General of the Army [[Douglas MacArthur]] and Fleet Admiral [[Chester Nimitz]] from a delegation led by [[Mamoru Shigemitsu]], aboard the battleship [[USS Missouri (BB-63)|Missouri]] in Tokyo Bay. But in Japan [[August 14]] is well recognized as the day the [[Pacific War]] ended. **[[Ho Chi Minh]] promulgates the [[Vietnam]]ese Declaration of Independence, and unity from the north to the south. * [[September 4]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: [[Japan]]ese forces surrender on [[Wake Island]] after hearing word of their nation's surrender. * [[September 5]] - [[Iva Toguri D'Aquino]], a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist "[[Tokyo Rose]]," is arrested in [[Yokohama]]. * [[September 5]] - Russian code clerk [[Igor Gouzenko]] comes forward with numerous documents implicating the Soviet Union of having numerous spy rings in [[North America]]. * [[September 8]] **US troops occupy southern [[Korea]], [[Soviet Union]] occupy the north. This arrangement proves to be the beginning of a divided [[Korea]]. * *[[Hideki Tojo]], Japanese prime minister during most of [[World War II]], attempts suicide to avoid facing a [[war crimes]] tribunal. * [[September 9]] - "First actual case of (a computer) [[Software bug|bug]] being found" - a [[moth]] lodged in a [[relay]] of a Harvard Mark II computer at the [[Naval Weapons Center in Dahlgren, Virginia]]. * [[September 11]] **[[Radio Republik Indonesia]] starts broadcasting. **[[Batu Lintang camp]] in [[Sarawak]], [[Borneo]] liberated by Australian forces. * [[September 12]] - [[Japan]]ese army formally surrendered in [[Singapore]]. * [[September 18]] - [[Tropical cyclone|Typhoon Makurazaki]] in [[Japan]] kills 3,746. * [[September 20]] - [[Mohandas Gandhi]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] demand that British troops leave [[India]] ===October=== [[Image:Flag of the United Nations (1945-1947).svg|thumb|220px| [[October 24]]: The [[United Nations]] is formed. This was its flag. The modern version is slightly retouched.]] [[Image:Buchenwald Slave Laborers Liberation.jpg|thumb|220px| [[October 18]]: [[Nuremberg]] trials begin, after [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]] closed.]] * [[October 1]] - to [[October 15]] - Launch of three [[V-2 rocket|A4 rockets]] near [[Cuxhaven]] in order to show Allied forces the rocket with liquid fuel ([[Operation Backfire (WWII)|Operation Backfire]]) * [[October 3]] - to [[October 10]] - [[Detroit Tigers]] won the [[World Series]] against the [[Chicago Cubs]]. The Cubs haven't made it to the World Series since. * [[October 4]] - Established [[Partizan Belgrade|Partizan]], [[sports society]] from [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]]. * [[October 5]] - A strike by the Set Decorator's Union in Hollywood results in [[Hollywood Black Friday|riot]] * [[October 15]] - [[World War II|WWII]]: Former premier of [[Vichy France]], [[Pierre Laval]], is executed by [[firing squad]] for [[treason]]. * [[October 17]] - A massive number of people, headed for [[General Confederation of Labour (Argentina)|CGT]], gather in the [[Plaza de Mayo]] in [[Argentina]] to demand [[Juan Peron]]'s release. This is known to the [[Peronists]] as the ''Día de la lealtad'' (day of loyalty) or ''San Perón'' (Saint Perón). It's considered the birthday of Peronism. * [[October 18]] **The first German [[war crimes]] trial begins in [[Nuremberg]]. **[[Isaías Medina Angarita]], president of [[Venezuela]], is overthrown by a [[military coup]]. * [[October 21]] - [[Women's suffrage]]: Women are allowed to vote in [[France]] for the first time. * [[October 23]] - [[Jackie Robinson]] signs a contract with the [[Montreal Royals]]. * [[October 24]] **[[United Nations]] founded. **Norwegian Nazi leader, [[Vidkun Quisling]], is shot by [[firing squad]] for [[treason]]. * [[October 27]] - [[Indonesia]]n separatists riot and fight Dutch and British security forces. * [[October 29]] **[[Getúlio Vargas]], president of [[Brazil]], resigns. **At [[Gimbel's]] Department Store in [[New York City]], the first [[ballpoint pen]]s go on sale at $12.50 each. ===November=== * [[November 1]] **[[John H. Johnson]] publishes the first issue of the magazine ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]''. **Telechron introduces the model 8H59 "Musalarm", the first clock radio. * [[November 11]] - [[Musical theatre]] [[composer]] [[Jerome Kern]] dies after suffering a stroke a week before. * [[November 13]] - [[Charles de Gaulle|Charles De Gaulle]] elected head of a French [[provisional government]] * [[November 15]] - [[Harry S. Truman]], [[Clement Attlee]], and [[Mackenzie King]] call for a UN Atomic Energy Commission.[http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/timeline/1940/1945.htm] * [[November 16]] **[[Cold War]]: The [[United States]] controversially imports 88 [[Germany|German]] scientists to help in the production of [[rocket]] technology. **The motion picture ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'', starring [[Ray Milland]], is released. It is the most realistic film portrayal of an alcoholic up to that time, and wins several Oscars, including [[Best Picture]], [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]] ([[Billy Wilder]]) and [[Best Actor]] (Ray Milland). Billy Wilder wins his first Oscar for the film; Milland his only one. After his Oscar win, Ray Milland, who has usually starred in light comedies and adventure films, will be given more heavily dramatic roles. **[[Yeshiva College (Yeshiva University)|Yeshiva College]] founded * [[November 20]] - [[Nuremberg Trials]] begin: Trials against 24 [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[war crime|war criminals]] of [[World War II]] start at the [[Nuremberg Palace of Justice]]. * [[November 28]] - [[1945 Balochistan earthquake|Earthquake in Balochistan]] (Pakistan) caused a tsunami and killed 4000. * [[November 29]] **The [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] is declared (this day was celebrated as Republic Day until [[1990s]]). [[Marshal Tito]] is named president. **Assembly of the world's first general purpose electronic computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer ([[ENIAC]]), is completed. It covers 1800&nbsp;feet of floor space. The first set of calculations is run on the computer. ===December=== * [[December 2]] - General [[Eurico Gaspar Dutra]] elected president of [[Brazil]] * [[December 3]] - [[Communist]] demonstrations in [[Athens]] - preliminary of the [[Greek Civil War]] * [[December 4]] - By a vote of 65 to 7, the [[United States Senate]] approves the entry of the [[United States]] into the [[United Nations]]. * [[December 5]] - A flight of USAF Avenger torpedo bombers known as [[Flight 19]] disappears on a training exercise. * [[December 21]] - General [[George S. Patton]] dies from injuries sustained in a car accident on December 9. * [[December 27]] **Twenty-eight nations sign an agreement creating the [[World Bank]]. **Terror strikes against British military bases in [[British mandate of Palestine|Palestine]]. ===Undated=== *Foundation of the [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]]. *Poland has two rival governments. [[Image:Kodeks IV NagHammadi.jpg|thumb|230px|right|1945: [[Nag Hammadi library|Nag Hammadi texts]] found.]] *Discovery of [[Nag Hammadi library|Nag Hammadi scriptures]]. *Dutch painter [[Han van Meegeren]] is arrested for collaboration with Nazis but the paintings he had sold to [[Hermann Göring]] are found to be his fakes. *[[Female suffrage]] in [[Guatemala]] and [[Japan]] *[[Saskatchewan Government Insurance]], the first state-owned [[automobile insurance]] company in [[North America]], is created. *[[Denmark]] recognizes independent [[Iceland]] * US House of Representatives calls for unrestricted Jewish immigration to [[Palestine]] in order to establish a Jewish commonwealth there * [[Berklee College of Music]] founded ==Science and technology== *The [[Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College]], the first chiropractic college in Canada, initiates its four year doctoral program. *[[Arthur C. Clarke]] puts forward the idea of a communications [[satellite]] in a ''Wireless World'' magazine article. *At the [[Mayo Clinic]], [[streptomycin]] is first used to treat [[tuberculosis]]. *[[Percy Spencer]] accidentally discovers that microwaves can heat food. Invention of the [[microwave oven]] follows. *[[Grand Rapids, Michigan]] and [[Newburgh, New York]] become the first cities to [[Water fluoridation|add fluoride to drinking water]]. *The first nuclear reactor outside of the U.S. is built in [[Chalk River, Ontario|Chalk River]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. *High-altitude, west-to-east winds across the [[Pacific Ocean]]&mdash;discovered by the [[Japan]]ese in [[1942]] and by [[United States|Americans]] in [[1944]]&mdash;are dubbed the ''[[jet stream]]''. *[[Salvador Edward Luria]] and [[Alfred Day Hershey]] independently recognize that [[virus]]es undergo [[mutation]]s. *The [[herbicide]] [[2,4-D]] is introduced; it is later used as a component of [[Agent Orange]]. *A team led by [[Charles DuBois Coryell]] discovers [[chemical element]] 61, the only one still missing between 1 and 96 on the [[periodic table]]. The new element is called [[promethium]]. *[[Raymond Libby]] develops oral [[penicillin]]. *American Canamid discovers [[folic acid]], a [[vitamin]] abundant in [[green leafy vegetable]]s, [[liver]], [[kidney]], and [[yeast]]. *The first [[geothermal milk pasteurization]] occurs in [[Klamath Falls, Oregon|Klamath Falls]], [[Oregon]], [[United States|USA]]. ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|Japanese=[[Shōwa]] 20}} ===January=== * [[January 3]] **[[Stephen Stills]], American singer and songwriter ([[Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young)|Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young]]) **[[Abbas Khattak]], Commander of [[Pakistan Air Force]] * [[January 4]] - [[Richard R. Schrock]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate * [[January 6]] - [[Pepe Le Pew]], Looney Tunes cartoon character * [[January 10]] **[[Jennifer Moss]], British actress (d. [[2006]]) **[[Rod Stewart]], British singer * [[January 14]] - [[Einar Hakonarson]], Painter * [[January 15]] **[[Princess Michael of Kent]] **[[Vince Foster]], a deputy White House counsel during the first term of President Bill Clinton (d.[[1993]]) * [[January 20]] - [[Robert Olen Butler]], American writer * [[January 26]] - [[Jacqueline Du Pre|Jacqueline du Pré]], English cellist (d. [[1987]]) * [[January 27]] - [[Harold Cardinal]], Cree political leader, writer, and lawyer (d. [[2005]]) * [[January 29]] **[[Jim Nicholson (UK politician)|Jim Nicholson]], Northern Irish politician **[[Tom Selleck]], American actor * [[January 30]] - [[Michael Dorris]], American author (d. [[1997]]) * [[January 31]] - [[Joseph Kosuth]], American artist ===February=== * [[February 2]] - [[David D. Friedman|David Friedman]], American economist * [[February 3]] **[[Bob Griese]], American football player **[[Philip Waruinge]], Kenyan boxer * [[February 5]] - [[Charlotte Rampling]], English actress * [[February 6]] - [[Bob Marley]], Jamaican singer and musician (d. [[1981]]) * [[February 7]] **[[Gerald Davies]], Welsh rugby player **[[Pete Postlethwaite]], English actor * [[February 9]] - [[Mia Farrow]], American actress * [[February 12]] - [[Maud Adams]], Swedish actress * [[February 16]] - [[Frank Welker]], American voice actor * [[February 14]] - Prince [[Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein]] * [[February 17]] - [[Brenda Fricker]], Irish actress * [[February 24]] - [[Barry Bostwick]], American actor * [[February 25]] - [[Elkie Brooks]], English singer * [[February 25]] - [[Roy Saari]], American swimmer * [[February 26]] - [[Marta Kristen]], Norwegian actress * [[February 27]] - [[Carl Anderson (singer)|Carl Anderson]], American singer and actor (d. [[2004]]) * [[February 28]] - [[Bubba Smith]], American football player and actor ===March=== * [[March 1]] - [[Dirk Benedict]], American actor * [[March 3]] - [[Hattie Winston]], American actress * [[March 4]] **[[Dieter Meier]], Swiss singer and children's writer **[[Tommy Svensson]], Swedish football manager and former player **[[Gary Williams]], American basketball coach * [[March 6]] - [[Rob Reiner]], American actor, comedian and director * [[March 7]] - [[John Heard (actor)|John Heard]], American actor * [[March 8]] **[[Jim Chapman]], American politician **[[Micky Dolenz]], American actor, director, and musician ([[The Monkees]]) **[[Anselm Kiefer]], German painter * [[March 9]] - [[Dennis Rader]], American serial killer * [[March 13]] - [[Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko]], Russian mathematician * [[March 15]] - [[A. K. Faezul Huq]], Bangladeshi lawyer and Politician (d. [[2007]]) * [[March 17]] - [[Katri Helena]], Finnish singer * [[March 19]] - [[Cem Karaca]], Turkish musician (d. [[2004]]) * [[March 20]] - [[Jay Ingram]], television host, author and journalist * [[March 20]] - [[Pat Riley]], American basketball coach * [[March 24]] - [[Sylvester (Looney Tunes)|Sylvester the Cat]], Looney Tunes cartoon character * [[March 26]] - [[Mikhail Voronin]], Russian gymnast (d. [[2004]]) * [[March 29]] - [[Walt Frazier]], American basketball player * [[March 30]] - [[Eric Clapton]], English guitarist * [[March 31]] - [[Gabe Kaplan]], American actor, comedian, and professional poker player ===April=== *[[April 2]] - [[Linda Hunt]], American actress *[[April 4]] - [[Daniel Cohn-Bendit]], French activist *[[April 7]] - [[Werner Schroeter]], German film director *[[April 9]] **[[Peter Gammons]], baseball sportswriter **[[Steve Gadd]], American session drummer *[[April 12]] - [[Lee Jong-wook]], Korean Director-General of the [[World Health Organization]] (d. [[2006]]) *[[April 13]] **[[Tony Dow]], American actor, producer, and director **[[Lowell George]], American musician ([[Little Feat]]) **[[Bob Kalsu]], American football player (d. [[1970]]) *[[April 14]] - [[Ritchie Blackmore]], English guitarist ([[Deep Purple]] 1968-1975 & 1984-1993) *[[April 20]] - [[Frank DiLeo]], American actor *[[April 21]] - [[Diana Darvey]], British actress, singer and dancer (d. [[2000]]) *[[April 25]] - [[Björn Ulvaeus]], Swedish songwriter ([[ABBA]]) *[[April 27]] - [[August Wilson]], American playwright (d. [[2005]]) ===May=== *[[May 1]] - [[Rita Coolidge]], American singer *[[May 2]] **[[Judge Dread]], English musician **[[Sarah Weddington]], American attorney *[[May 4]] - [[Narasinham Ram]], Indian journalist *[[May 5]] - [[Kurt Loder]] American film critic, author, and television personality. *[[May 5]] - [[Yosemite Sam]], Looney Tunes cartoon character *[[May 6]] **[[Jimmie Dale Gilmore]], American musician **[[Bob Seger]], American singer *[[May 8]] - [[Keith Jarrett]], American musician *[[May 14]] - [[Yochanan Vollach]], former [[Israel]]i football player and president of Maccabi Haifa, [[CEO]] *[[May 15]] - [[Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza]], heir to the Portuguese crown *[[May 16]] - [[Nicky Chinn]], English songwriter ([[Sweet (band)|The Sweet]] and [[Suzi Quatro]]) *[[May 17]] - [[Tony Roche]], Australian tennis player *[[May 19]] - [[Pete Townshend]], English guitarist and lyricist ([[The Who]]) *[[May 21]] - [[Ernst Messerschmid]], German physicist and astronaut *[[May 23]] - [[Doris Mae Oulton]], Canadian community developer *[[May 24]] - [[Priscilla Presley]], American actress *[[May 28]] **[[John Fogerty]], American singer **[[Gary Stewart (singer)|Gary Stewart]], American singer (d. [[2003]]) *[[May 31]] - [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]], German film director (d. [[1982]]) ===June=== * [[June 1]] - [[Frederica von Stade]], American mezzo-soprano * [[June 8]] - [[Steven Fromholz]], American singer-songwriter * [[June 9]] - [[Nike Wagner]], German woman of the theater * [[June 11]] - [[Adrienne Barbeau]], American film and television actress * [[June 12]] - [[Pat Jennings]], Northern Irish footballer player * [[June 14]] - [[Jörg Immendorff]], German painter * [[June 15]] - [[Françoise Chandernagor]], French writer * [[June 16]] - [[Claire Alexander]], Canadian ice hockey player * [[June 17]] - [[P. D. T. Acharya]], Secretary General Lok Sabha **[[Frank Ashmore]], American actor **[[Art Bell]], American radio talk show host **[[Anupam Kher]], Indian actor **[[Eddy Merckx]], Belgian cyclist * [[June 19]] **[[Aung San Suu Kyi]], Myanmar poet, politician, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] **[[Radovan Karadžić]], Serbian politician * [[June 24]] - [[George Pataki]], former [[New York State]] [[Governor]] * [[June 25]] - [[Carly Simon]], American singer and songwriter * [[June 26]] - [[Dwight York]], American musician, fashion consultant, cult leader, and child molester ===July=== * [[July 1]] - [[Debbie Harry]], American singer ([[Blondie (band)|Blondie]]) * [[July 5]] - [[Lu Sheng-yen]], leader of the [[True Buddha School]] * [[July 6]] - [[Burt Ward]], American actor * [[July 7]] - [[Michael Ancram]], British politician * [[July 8]] - [[Micheline Calmy-Rey]], Swiss Federal Councilor * [[July 9]] - [[Dean R. Koontz]], American writer * [[July 11]] - [[Richard Wesley]], American playwright and screenwriter * [[July 15]] - [[Jürgen Möllemann]], German politician (d. [[2003]]) * [[July 16]] - [[Victor Sloan]], Irish artist * [[July 17]] - [[Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia]] * [[July 20]] - [[Kim Carnes]], American singer-songwriter * [[July 20]] - [[Larry Craig]], U.S. senator from [[Idaho]] * [[July 21]] - [[John Lowe]], English darts player * [[July 24]] - [[Azim Premji]], Indian businessman * [[July 26]] - Dame [[Helen Mirren]], British actress * [[July 28]] **[[Jim Davis (cartoonist)|Jim Davis]], American cartoonist **[[Richard Wright (musician)|Richard Wright]], English keyboardist ([[Pink Floyd]]) ===August=== * [[August 1]] ** [[Laila Morse]], American actress ** [[Douglas D. Osheroff]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate * [[August 5]] - [[Loni Anderson]], American actress *[[August 6]] - [[Ron Jones (television director)|Ron Jones]], director (d. [[1995]]) * [[August 7]] - [[Alan Page]], American football player * [[August 9]] - [[Posy Simmonds]], English cartoonist * [[August 14]] **[[Steve Martin]], American actor and comedian **[[Eliana Pittman]], Brazilian singer and actress * [[August 15]] - [[Mahamandaleshwar Paramhans Swami Maheshwarananda]], Indian guru * [[August 19]] - [[Ian Gillan]], English singer ([[Deep Purple]]) * [[August 22]] - [[Ron Dante]], American singer, songwriter, and record producer ([[The Archies]]) * [[August 24]] - [[Vince McMahon]], American wrestling promoter * [[August 31]] **[[Van Morrison]], Irish musician **[[Itzhak Perlman]], Israeli-American violinist and conductor ===September=== * [[September 1]] - [[Mustafa Balel]], Turkish writer * [[September 5]] - [[Al Stewart]], Scottish singer-songwriter * [[September 8]] - [[Jose Feliciano]], Puerto Rican singer * [[September 14]] - [[Martin Tyler]], British sports broadcaster * [[September 15]] - [[Jessye Norman]], American soprano * [[September 17]] - [[Phil Jackson]], American basketball coach * [[September 19]] - [[Randolph Mantooth]], American actor * [[September 21]] - [[Shaw Clifton]], General of The Salvation Army * [[September 27]] - [[Kay Ryan]], American poet * [[September 30]] **[[Salaheddin Ali Nader Shah Angha]], 42nd [[Oveyssi-Shahmaghsoudi]] leader **[[Ehud Olmert]], 12th [[Prime Minister of Israel]] ===October=== * [[October 3]] - [[Kay Baxter]], American bodybuilder (d. [[1988]]) * [[October 12]] - [[Aurore Clément]], French actress * [[October 15]] - [[Jim Palmer]], baseball player * [[October 18]] - [[Yıldo]], Turkish famous showmen, football player * [[October 19]] - [[John Lithgow]], American actor * [[October 22]] - [[Yvan Ponton]], Canadian actor and sportscaster * [[October 24]] - [[Eugenie Scott]], Executive Director of the [[National Center for Science Education]] * [[October 25]] - [[David Schramm]], American astrophysicist * [[October 27]] - [[Luís Inácio Lula da Silva]], [[President of Brazil]] * [[October 27]] - [[John Kane (writer)|John Kane]], actor/writer * [[October 30]] - [[Henry Winkler]], American actor * [[October 31]] - [[Brian Doyle-Murray]], American actor ===November=== *[[November 5]] - [[Jacques Lanctôt]], Canadian terrorist *[[November 11]] - [[Chris Dreja]], British musician ([[The Yardbirds]]) *[[November 12]] **[[Michael Bishop (author)|Michael Bishop]], American author **[[Tracy Kidder]], American journalist and author **[[Neil Young]], Canadian singer *[[November 15]] - [[Anni-Frid Lyngstad]], Norwegian singer ([[ABBA]]) *[[November 16]] - [[Casper the Friendly Ghost]], Harvey Comics cartoon character *[[November 18]] - [[Wilma Mankiller]], Chief of the Cherowkee nation *[[November 18]] - [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]], President of [[Sri Lanka]] *[[November 21]] - [[Goldie Hawn]], American actress *[[November 23]] - [[Jerry Harris]], American sculptor *[[November 26]] **[[Daniel Davis]], American actor **[[John McVie]], English musician ([[Fleetwood Mac]]) ===December=== *[[December 1]] - [[Bette Midler]], American singer and actress *[[December 6]] **[[Larry Bowa]], baseball player **[[Dan Harrington]], American poker player *[[December 7]] - [[Marion Rung]], Finnish singer *[[December 8]] - [[John Banville]], Irish novelist and journalist *[[December 12]] - [[Tony Williams]], American musician (d. [[1997]]) *[[December 20]] - [[Peter Criss|Peter George Criscoula]], American drummer and singer ([[Kiss (band)|Kiss]]) *[[December 22]] - [[Diane Sawyer]], American television anchor *[[December 24]] - [[Lemmy|Ian "Lemmy" Kilminster]], British bassist and singer ([[Motörhead]]) *[[December 28]] - King [[Birendra of Nepal]] ===Unknown dates=== *[[Victor Sloan]], Irish artist *[[Roger Dobkowitz]], American game show producer ==Deaths== ===January-March=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 2]] - [[Bertram Ramsay]], British admiral (b. [[1883]]) *[[January 3]] - [[Edgar Cayce]], American psychic (b. [[1877]]) *[[January 6]] - [[Josefa Llanes Escoda]], Filipino advocate of women's right of [[suffrage]] and founder of the [[Girl Scouts of the Philippines]] (b. [[1898]]) *[[January 9]] - [[Jüri Uluots]], Estonian statesman (b. [[1890]]) *[[January 22]] - [[Else Lasker-Schuler]], German poet (b. [[1869]]) *[[January 31]] - [[Eddie Slovik]], American soldier (b. [[1920]]) *[[February 5]] **[[Denise Bloch]], French World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1915]]) **[[Lilian Rolfe]], French World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1914]]) **[[Violette Szabo]], French World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1921]]) *[[February 10]] - [[Anacleto Diaz]], Filipino jurist (murdered during [[Battle of Manila (1945)|Battle of Manila]]) (b. [[1878]]) *[[February 11]] - [[Al Dubin]], Swiss songwriter (b. [[1891]]) *[[February 12]] - [[Antonio Villa-Real]], Filipino jurist (murdered during [[Battle of Manila (1945)|Battle of Manila]]) (b. [[1878]]) *[[February 14]] - [[Didier Bonvitesse]], Belgian painter and sculptor (b. [[1880]]) *[[February 17]] - [[Gabrielle Weidner]], Belgian World War II heroine (b. [[1914]]) *[[February 21]] - [[Eric Liddell]], Scottish runner (b. [[1902]]) *[[February 25]] - [[Mário de Andrade]], Brazilian writer and photographer (b. [[1893]]) *March - [[Margot Frank]] (b. [[1926]]) and her younger sister [[Anne Frank]], German-born diarist (typhus) (b. [[1929]]) *[[March 2]] - [[Emily Carr]], Canadian artist (b. [[1871]]) *[[March 16]] - [[Börries von Münchhausen]], German poet (b. [[1874]]) *[[March 18]] - [[William Grover-Williams]], French race car driver and war hero (b. [[1903]]) *[[March 19]] - [[Friedrich Fromm]], Nazi official (b. [[1888]]) * [[March 20]] - [[Lord Alfred Douglas]], English poet (b. [[1870]]) *[[March 22]] **[[Eliyahu Bet-Zuri]], Israeli assassin (executed) (b. [[1922]]) **[[Eliyahu Hakim]], Israeli assassin (executed) (b. [[1925]]) *[[March 23]] - [[Elisabeth de Rothschild]], French World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1902]]) *[[March 26]] - [[David Lloyd George]], Welsh [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1863]]) *[[March 30]] - [[Élise Rivet]], French nun and war heroine (b. [[1890]]) *[[March 31]] - [[Hans Fischer]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1881]]) ===April-June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *April-[[Auguste van Pels]], housemate of [[Anne Frank]] *[[April 5]] - [[Huldreich Georg Früh]] (b. [[1903]]) *[[April 9]] **[[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]], German theologian (hanged) (b. [[1906]]) **[[Wilhelm Canaris]], head of the German Abwehr (hanged) (b. [[1887]]) *[[April 10]] - [[H.N. Werkman]], Dutch artist and printer (executed) (b. [[1882]]) *[[April 12]] - [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], [[President of the United States]] (cerebral hemorrhage) (b. [[1882]]) *[[April 18]] **[[Ernie Pyle]], American journalist (sniper fire) (b. [[1900]]) **[[William, Prince of Albania|Prince William of Wied]], sovereign Prince of Albania (b.[[1876]]) *[[April 22]] - [[Käthe Kollwitz]], German artist (b. [[1867]]) *[[April 24]] - [[Ernst-Robert Grawitz]], Reichsphysician SS and Police in the Third Reich (b. [[1899]]) *[[April 28]] - [[Benito Mussolini]], Italian dictator (executed) (b. [[1883]]) *[[April 30]] **[[Adolf Hitler]], German dictator (suicide) (b. [[1889]]) **[[Eva Braun]], wife of Adolf Hitler (suicide) (b. [[1912]]) **[[William Darby]], creator of the U.S. Army Rangers (b. [[1911]]) *[[May 1]] **[[Cecily Lefort]], English World War II heroine (executed) (b. [[1900]]) **[[Joseph Goebbels]], Nazi propagandist (suicide) (b. [[1897]]) **[[Magda Goebbels]], wife of Joseph Goebbels (suicide) (b. [[1901]]) *[[May 5]] - [[Peter van Pels]], love interest of diarist [[Anne Frank]] (b. [[1926]]) *[[May 14]] - [[Heber J. Grant]], seventh president of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (b. [[1856]]) *[[May 15]] - [[Charles Williams (UK writer)|Charles Williams]], British author (b. [[1886]]) *[[May 18]] - [[William Joseph Simmons]], founder of the second [[KKK]] (b. [[1880]]) *[[May 19]] - [[Philipp Bouhler]], German Nazi Leader *[[May 23]] - [[Heinrich Himmler]], head of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] (suicide) (b. [[1900]]) *[[June 8]] - [[Robert Desnos]], French poet and French resistance fighter (b. [[1900]]) *[[June 15]] - [[Nikola Avramov]], Bulgarian painter (b. [[1897]]) *[[June 16]] - [[Nikolai Berzarin]], Russian Red Army General (b.[[1904]]) ===July-September=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[July 5]] - [[John Curtin]], fourteenth [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (b. [[1885]]) *[[July 20]] - [[Paul Valéry]], French poet (b. [[1871]]) *[[August 2]] - [[Pietro Mascagni]], Italian composer (b. [[1863]]) *[[August 9]] - [[Harry Hillman]], American athlete (b. [[1881]]) *[[August 10]] - [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard]], American rocket scientist (b. [[1882]]) *[[August 15]] - [[Korechika Anami]], Japanese general (b. [[1887]]) *[[August 18]] - [[Subhash Chandra Bose]], Indian political leader (b. [[1897]]) *[[August 19]] - [[Tomas Burgos]], Chilean philanthropist (b.[[1875]]) *[[August 31]] - [[Stefan Banach]], Polish mathematician (b. [[1892]]) *[[September 12]] - [[Sugiyama Hajime]], Japanese general (b. [[1880]]) *[[September 15]] - [[Anton Webern]], Austrian composer (b. [[1883]]) *[[September 24]] - [[Johannes Hans Geiger]], German physicist and inventor (b. [[1882]]) *[[September 26]] - [[Béla Bartók]], Hungarian composer (b. [[1881]]) ===October-December=== * [[October 13]] - [[Milton Hershey]], American chocolate tycoon (b. [[1857]]) * [[October 15]] - [[Pierre Laval]], [[Prime Minister of France]] (executed) (b. [[1883]]) * [[October 19]] - [[N.C. Wyeth]], American illustrator (b. [[1882]]) * [[October 24]] - [[Vidkun Quisling]], Norwegian traitor (executed) (b. [[1887]]) * [[October 25]] - [[Robert Ley]], Nazi politician (suicide} (b. [[1890]]) * [[October 26]] - [[Paul Pelliot]], French explorer (b. [[1878]]) * [[October 31]] - [[Henry Ainley]], actor (b. [[1879]]) * [[November 8]] - [[August von Mackensen]], German field marshal (b. [[1849]]) * [[November 11]] - [[Jerome Kern]], American composer (b. [[1885]]) * [[November 20]] - [[Francis William Aston]], English chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1877]]) * [[November 21]] - [[Robert Benchley]], American humorist, theater critic, and actor (b. [[1889]]) * [[December 4]] - [[Thomas Hunt Morgan]], American geneticist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1866]]) * [[December 5]] - [[Cosmo Lang]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. [[1864]]) * [[December 13]] - [[Josef Kramer]], commandant of [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] (executed) (b. [[1906]]) * [[December 16]] - [[Fumimaro Konoe]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (suicide) (b. [[1891]]) * [[December 21]] - [[George S. Patton]], U.S. general (car accident) (b. [[1885]]) * [[December 28]] - [[Theodore Dreiser]], American author (b. [[1871]]) ==Nobel prizes== * [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Wolfgang Pauli]] * [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - [[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen]] * [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] - Sir [[Alexander Fleming]], [[Ernst Boris Chain]], Sir [[Howard Walter Florey]] * [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] - [[Gabriela Mistral]] * [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - [[Cordell Hull]] ==Ship events== * [[List of ship launches in 1945]] * [[List of ship commissionings in 1945]] * [[List of ship decommissionings in 1945]] * [[List of shipwrecks in 1945]] ==Notes== {{commonscat}} <references /> ==Table of Contents== __TOC__ [[Category:1945| ]] [[af:1945]] [[am:1945 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1945]] [[an:1945]] [[frp:1945]] [[ast:1945]] [[gn:1945]] [[av:1945]] [[az:1945]] [[bn:১৯৪৫]] [[zh-min-nan:1945 nî]] [[map-bms:1945]] [[be:1945]] [[be-x-old:1945]] [[bh:१९४५]] [[bs:1945]] [[br:1945]] [[bg:1945]] [[ca:1945]] [[cv:1945]] [[cs:1945]] [[co:1945]] [[cy:1945]] [[da:1945]] [[de:1945]] [[et:1945]] [[el:1945]] [[es:1945]] [[eo:1945]] [[eu:1945]] [[fa:۱۹۴۵ (میلادی)]] [[fo:1945]] [[fr:1945]] [[fy:1945]] [[fur:1945]] [[ga:1945]] [[gv:1945]] [[gd:1945]] [[gl:1945]] [[gan:1945年]] [[ko:1945년]] [[hy:1945]] [[hi:1945]] [[hif:1945]] [[hr:1945.]] [[io:1945]] [[ilo:1945]] [[bpy:মারি ১৯৪৫]] [[id:1945]] [[ia:1945]] [[os:1945]] [[is:1945]] [[it:1945]] [[he:1945]] [[jv:1945]] [[pam:1945]] [[kn:೧೯೪೫]] [[ka:1945]] [[csb:1945]] [[kk:1945]] [[kw:1945]] [[sw:1945]] [[ht:1945 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[ku:1945]] [[la:1945]] [[lv:1945]] [[lb:1945]] [[lt:1945 m.]] [[lij:1945]] [[li:1945]] [[lmo:1945]] [[hu:1945]] [[mk:1945]] [[mi:1945]] [[mr:इ.स. १९४५]] [[ms:1945]] [[mn:1945]] [[nah:1945]] [[nl:1945]] [[new:ई सं १९४५]] [[ja:1945年]] [[nap:1945]] [[no:1945]] [[nn:1945]] [[nrm:1945]] [[nov:1945]] [[oc:1945]] [[uz:1945]] [[pi:१९४५]] [[nds:1945]] [[pl:1945]] [[pt:1945]] [[ty:1945]] [[ksh:Joohr 1945]] [[ro:1945]] [[ru:1945 год]] [[se:1945]] [[sq:1945]] [[scn:1945]] [[simple:1945]] [[sk:1945]] [[sl:1945]] [[so:1945]] [[sr:1945]] [[sh:1945]] [[su:1945]] [[fi:1945]] [[sv:1945]] [[tl:1945]] [[ta:1945]] [[tt:1945]] [[te:1945]] [[tet:1945]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2488]] [[vi:1945]] [[tg:1945]] [[tr:1945]] [[tk:1945]] [[uk:1945]] [[ur:1945]] [[vec:1945]] [[wa:1945]] [[vls:1945]] [[yi:1945]] [[yo:1945]] [[zh-yue:1945年]] [[cbk-zam:1945]] [[bat-smg:1945]] [[zh:1945年]]