1952 Summer Olympics
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{{Olympics infobox|1952|Summer |
Name = Games of the XV Olympiad |
Logo = Olympic logo 1952.png |
Size = 140px |
Host city = [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]] |
Nations participating = 69 |
Athletes participating = 4,955<br>(4,436 men, 519 women)|
Events = 149 in 17 [[sport]]s |
Opening ceremony = [[July 19]], [[1952]] |
Closing ceremony = [[August 3]], [[1952]] |
Officially opened by = [[Juho Kusti Paasikivi]] |
Athlete's Oath = [[Heikki Savolainen (athlete)|Heikki Savolainen]] |
Judge's Oath = |
Olympic Torch = [[Paavo Nurmi]] and<br>[[Hannes Kolehmainen]] |
Stadium = [[Helsinki Olympic Stadium|Olympiastadion]] |
}}
The '''1952 Summer Olympics''', officially known as the '''Games of the XV Olympiad''', were an [[international]] multi-[[sport]] event which was celebrated in [[1952]] in [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]. Helsinki had been elected as the host city over rival bids from [[Amsterdam]] and five [[United States|American]] cities: [[Chicago]], [[Detroit]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Minneapolis]] and [[Philadelphia]] at the 40th [[IOC Session]] on [[June 21]], [[1947]], in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]. Helsinki had been earlier given the [[1940 Summer Olympics]] but they were cancelled due to [[World War II]]. The voting results, in a chart below, comes from [http://www.aldaver.com/votes.html the International Olympic Committee Vote History] web page.
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
! colspan="7" | 1952 Summer Olympics Bidding Results
|-
| '''City'''
| '''NOC Name'''
| bgcolor="" |'''Round 1'''
| bgcolor="" |'''Round 2'''
|-
||[[Helsinki]]||{{FIN}}
||'''14'''||'''15'''
|-
||[[Los Angeles, California]]||{{flag|United States|1912}}
||4||5
|-
||[[Minneapolis-Saint Paul]], [[Minnesota]]||{{flag|United States|1912}}
||4||5
|-
||[[Amsterdam]]||{{NED}}
||3||3
|-
||[[Detroit, Michigan]]||{{flag|United States|1912}}
||2||-
|-
||[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]||{{flag|United States|1912}}
||1||-
|-
||[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]||{{flag|United States|1912}}
||-||-
|}
== Highlights ==
[[Image:Paavo Nurmi sytyttää olympiatulen 1952.jpg|thumb|left|Paavo Nurmi and the Olympic Flame]]
* To the enjoyment of the Finnish crowd, the [[Olympic Flame]] was lit by two Finnish heroes, [[running|runners]] [[Paavo Nurmi]] and [[Hannes Kolehmainen]].
* For the first time, a team from the [[USSR]] participated in the Olympics. The first gold medal for the USSR was won by [[Nina Romashkova]] in the women's [[Discus throw|Discus Throwing]] event, and the Soviet women's gymnastics team won the first of its eight consecutive gold medals.
* [[Israel]] made its Olympic debut. The Jewish state could not participate in the 1948 Games because of the War of Independence. Previous Mandate-era teams did not participate in the Olympics because of the Second World War and a boycott of the 1936 Games in protest of the Nazi regime.
* [[Hungary]], a country with a mere 10 million inhabitants, won an astonishing 42 medals at these games, coming in third place behind the [[USA]] and the [[USSR]] with one of the most outstanding exhibitions ever.
* [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]]'s ''[[Golden Team]]'' won the [[Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics|football]] tournament in style, beating [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]] 2-0 in the final.
* [[Germany]] and [[Japan]] were invited again after being barred in [[1948]]. After occupation and partition, three German states had been erected. Only West German athletes took part, from the [[Federal Republic of Germany]] and the [[Saar (protectorate)|Saarland]] which joined the FRG after 1955, the East [[German Democratic Republic]] being absent. Despite ranking 5th by total medals with 24, Germans failed to score Gold for the first and only time.
* Rules in [[equestrianism]] now allowed non-military officers to compete, including [[women]]. [[Lis Hartel]] of [[Denmark]] became the first woman in the sport to win a medal.
* [[Emil Zátopek]] of [[Czechoslovakia]] won three gold medals in the [[10,000m|5,000m]], [[10,000m]] and the [[Marathon]] (which he never run before).
* [[Bob Mathias]] of the [[USA]] became the first Olympian to successfully defend his [[decathlon]] title with a total score of 7,887 points.
* [[Josy Barthel]] of the tiny country of [[Luxembourg]] pulled a major surprise by winning the 1500 m.
== Sports ==
[[Image:1952.jpg|thumb|A [[Romania]]n poster promoting the 1952 Olympics|120px]]
{|
|
* [[Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Athletics]]
* [[Basketball at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Basketball]]
* [[Boxing at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Boxing]]
* [[Canoeing at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Canoeing]]
* [[Cycling at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Cycling]]
* [[Diving at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Diving]]
* [[Equestrian at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Equestrian]]
* [[Fencing at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Fencing]]
* [[Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Field hockey]]
* [[Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Football]]
|width=20|
|valign=top|
* [[Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Gymnastics]]
* [[Modern pentathlon at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Modern pentathlon]]
* [[Rowing at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Rowing]]
* [[Sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Sailing]]
* [[Shooting at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Shooting]]
* [[Swimming at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Swimming]]
* [[Water polo at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Water polo]]
* [[Weightlifting at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]]
* [[Wrestling at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]]
|}
===Demonstration sports===
* [[Field handball at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Field handball]]
* [[Baseball at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Finnish baseball]]
==Participating nations==
[[Image:1952 Olympic games countries.PNG|thumb|240px|Participating nations. Pictured in blue are nations participating for the first time.]]
A total of 69 nations participated in these Games, up from 59 in the [[1948 Summer Olympics|1948 Games]]. Twelve nations made their first Olympic appearance in 1952: [[The Bahamas]], [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] (now [[Ghana]]), [[Guatemala]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Indonesia]], [[Israel]], [[Netherlands Antilles]], [[Nigeria]], [[Soviet Union]] (USSR), [[Thailand]], and [[Vietnam]]. Due to the [[division of Germany]], German athletes from [[Saar (protectorate)|Saar]] entered a separate team for the first and only time.
{|
|valign=top|
* {{flagIOC|ARG|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|AUS|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|AUT|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|BAH|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|BEL|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|BER|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|BRA|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|GUY|1952 Summer|name=British Guiana}}
* {{flagIOC|BUL|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|BIR|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|CAN|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|CEY|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|CHI|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|ROC|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|CUB|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|TCH|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|DEN|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|EGY|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|FIN|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|FRA|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|GER|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|GHA|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|GBR|1952 Summer}}
|width=20|
|valign=top|
* {{flagIOC|GRE|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|GUA|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|HKG|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|HUN|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|ISL|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|IND|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|INA|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|IRI|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|IRL|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|ISR|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|ITA|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|JAM|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|JPN|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|KOR|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|LIB|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|LIE|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|LUX|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|MEX|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|MON|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|NED|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|AHO|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|NZL|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|NGR|1952 Summer}}
|width=20|
|valign=top|
* {{flagIOC|NOR|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|PAK|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|PAN|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|PHI|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|POL|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|POR|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|PUR|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|ROU|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|SAA|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|SIN|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|RSA|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|URS|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|ESP|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|SWE|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|SUI|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|THA|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|TRI|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|TUR|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|USA|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|URU|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|VEN|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|VIE|1952 Summer}}
* {{flagIOC|YUG|1952 Summer}}
|}
== Medal count ==
{{Main|1952 Summer Olympics medal count}}
These are the top ten nations that won medals at these Games.
{| {{RankedMedalTable}}
|-
|1||align=left| {{flagIOC|USA|1952 Summer}} ||40||19||17||76
|-
|2||align=left| {{flagIOC|URS|1952 Summer}} ||22||30||19||71
|-
|3||align=left| {{flagIOC|HUN|1952 Summer}} ||16||10||16||42
|-
|4||align=left| {{flagIOC|SWE|1952 Summer}} ||12||13||10||35
|-
|5||align=left| {{flagIOC|ITA|1952 Summer}} ||8||9||4||21
|-
|6||align=left| {{flagIOC|TCH|1952 Summer}} ||7||3||3||13
|-
|7||align=left| {{flagIOC|FRA|1952 Summer}} ||6||6||6||18
|-style="background:#ccccff"
|8||align=left| {{flagIOC|FIN|1952 Summer}} (host nation) ||6||3||13||22
|-
|9||align=left| {{flagIOC|AUS|1952 Summer}} ||6||2||3||11
|-
|10||align=left| {{flagIOC|NOR|1952 Summer}} ||3||2||0||5
|}
==See also==
*[[International Olympic Committee]]
*[[IOC country codes]]
*[[Modern Olympic coins]]
==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1952 IOC Site on 1952 Summer Olympics]
* Helsinki 1952 Official Olympic Report [http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1952/OR1952.pdf la84foundation.org]
* Helsinki 1952 Official Olympic Report [http://olympic-museum.de/o-reports/report1952.htm olympic-museum.de]
{{Olympic Games}}
[[Category:1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Summer Olymics]]
[[Category:Sports festivals hosted in Finland]]
{{Link FA|fi}}
[[ar:ألعاب أولمبية صيفية 1952]]
[[bs:XV Olimpijske igre - Helsinki 1952.]]
[[bg:Летни олимпийски игри 1952]]
[[cs:Letní olympijské hry 1952]]
[[da:Sommer-OL 1952]]
[[de:Olympische Sommerspiele 1952]]
[[et:1952. aasta suveolümpiamängud]]
[[es:Juegos Olímpicos de Helsinki 1952]]
[[eo:Somera Olimpiko 1952]]
[[fa:بازیهای المپیک تابستانی ۱۹۵۲]]
[[fr:Jeux Olympiques d'été de 1952]]
[[gl:Xogos Olímpicos de 1952]]
[[ko:1952년 하계 올림픽]]
[[hr:XV. Olimpijske igre - Helsinki 1952.]]
[[id:Olimpiade Helsinki 1952]]
[[it:Giochi della XV Olimpiade]]
[[he:אולימפיאדת הלסינקי (1952)]]
[[la:1952 Olympia Aestiva]]
[[hu:1952. évi nyári olimpiai játékok]]
[[mk:Летни олимписки игри - 1952]]
[[nah:Helsinqui 1952]]
[[nl:Olympische Zomerspelen 1952]]
[[ja:ヘルシンキオリンピック]]
[[no:Sommer-OL 1952]]
[[nn:Sommar-OL 1952]]
[[pl:Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1952]]
[[pt:Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1952]]
[[ro:Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1952]]
[[ru:Летние Олимпийские игры 1952]]
[[simple:1952 Summer Olympics]]
[[sl:Poletne olimpijske igre 1952]]
[[sr:Летње олимпијске игре 1952.]]
[[sh:Olimpijada 1952]]
[[fi:Kesäolympialaiset 1952]]
[[sv:Olympiska sommarspelen 1952]]
[[th:โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1952]]
[[tr:1952 Yaz Olimpiyatları]]
[[zh:1952年夏季奥林匹克运动会]]