1960
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2008-07-12T18:33:45Z
12.210.199.187
/* May-June */
{{year nav|1960}}
{{C20YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1960''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMLX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Friday]] (link will display full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]]. The year 1960 is known as the "[[Year of Africa]]."
{{C20YearTOC|1960||Ship events|World population}}
== Events of 1960 ==
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===January===
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* January - The [[state of emergency]] is lifted in [[Kenya]] — the [[Mau Mau Uprising]] is officially over.
[[Image:Trieste (23 Jan 1960).jpeg|thumb|[[Bathyscaphe Trieste]], before dive into [[Marianas Trench]]]]
* [[January 1]] - [[Cameroon]] gains its independence.
* [[January 3]] - U.S. Senator [[John F. Kennedy]] (D-MA) announces his candidacy for the [[Democratic]] nomination for President.
* [[January 9]]-[[January 11]] - [[Aswan High Dam]] construction begins in [[Egypt]].
* [[January 10]] - British Prime Minister [[Harold Macmillan]] makes the [[Wind of Change (speech)|Wind of Change]] speech for the first time (see [[February 3]]).
* [[January 14]] - [[Reserve Bank of Australia|Reserve Bank]] and [[Commonwealth Bank]] are created in [[Australia]].
* [[January 19]] - The [[Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan]] is signed in [[Washington, DC]].
* [[January 21]] - A mine collapses at Coalbrook, [[South Africa]], killing 437.
* [[January 22]] - In [[France]], President [[Charles de Gaulle]] fires Jacques Massun, commander-in-chief for the French troops in [[Algeria]].
* [[January 23]] - [[Jacques Piccard]] and [[Don Walsh]] descend into the [[Marianas Trench]] in the ''[[bathyscaphe Trieste]]'', reaching the depth of 10,916 meters.
* [[January 24]] - A major insurrection occurs in [[Algiers]] against French colonial policy.
* [[January 25]] - In [[Washington, DC]], the [[National Association of Broadcasters]] reacts to the [[payola]] scandal by threatening fines for any [[disc jockey]]s who accepted money for playing particular records.
===February===
* [[February 1]] - In [[Greensboro, North Carolina]], [[Greensboro Four|four black students]] from [[North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University]] begin a sit-in at a segregated [[F.W. Woolworth Company|Woolworth's]] [[lunch counter]]. Although they are refused service, they are allowed to stay at the counter. The event triggers many similar nonviolent [[protests]] throughout the [[Southern United States]], and 6 months later the original 4 protesters are served lunch at the same counter.
[[Image:LunchCounter.jpg|thumb| [[F.W. Woolworth Company|Woolworth's]] lunch counter from [[Greensboro, NC]] (in [[Smithsonian Institution]])]]
* [[February 3]] - [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] [[Harold Macmillan]] makes the [[Wind of Change (speech)|Wind of Change]] speech to the [[South Africa]]n Parliament in [[Cape Town]] (although he had first made the speech, to little publicity, in [[Accra]], [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] - now [[Ghana]] - on [[January 10]] the same year).
* [[February 5]] - The [[CERN]] [[particle accelerator]] is inaugurated in [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]].
* [[February 9]] - [[Joanne Woodward]] receives the first star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].
* [[February 9]] - [[Adolph Coors III]], chairman of the board of the [[Coors Brewing Company]], is kidnapped and captors demand $500,000. Coors is later found dead and [[Joseph Corbett, Jr.]] is indicted.
* [[February 10]] - A conference about the [[independence]] of the [[Belgian Congo]] begins in [[Brussels]].
* [[February 11]] - The [[airship]] [[ZPG-3W]] is destroyed in a storm in [[Massachusetts]].
* [[February 11]] - Twelve [[India]]n soldiers die in clashes with [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] troops at their common border.
* [[February 13]] - [[Nuclear testing]]: [[France]] tests its first [[atomic bomb]] in the [[Sahara]].
* [[February 18]] - The [[1960 Winter Olympics]] open in [[Squaw Valley]], [[California]].
* [[February 29]] - An [[earthquake]] totally destroys [[Agadir]], [[Morocco]].
===March===
* [[March 3]] - [[Elvis Presley]] returns home from [[Germany]], after being away on [[duty]] for 2 years.
* [[March 6]] - Vietnam War: The United States announces that 3,500 American soldiers will be sent to Vietnam.
* [[March 6]] - The [[Canton of Geneva]] in [[Switzerland]] gives women the right to vote.
* [[March 17]] - [[Northwest Airlines Flight 710|Northwest Orient Airlines flight 710]] crashes near Tell City, Indiana killing all 63 on board.
* [[March 21]] - The [[Sharpeville massacre]] in [[South Africa]] kills more than 69 people, wounds 300.
* [[March 22]] - [[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]] & [[Charles Hard Townes]] receive the first [[patent]] for a [[laser]].
* [[March 23]] - [[Nikita Khrushchev]] meets [[Charles De Gaulle]] in [[Paris]].
* [[March 25]] - ''[[Tom Pillibi]]'' by Jacqueline Boyer (music by André Popp, text by Pierre Cour) wins the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1960]] for [[France]].
===April===
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* [[April 1]] - [[Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad]], 1st [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] of [[Malaysia]], dies in office. He is replaced by [[Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah]], [[Sultan]] of [[Selangor]].
* [[April 1]] - The [[United States]] launches the first [[weather satellite]], [[TIROS-1]].
* [[April 4]]
**The first 3 female priests are ordained in [[Sweden]].
**[[32nd Academy Awards]] ceremony
* [[April 12]] - Eric Peugeot, youngest son of the founder of [[Peugeot]], is kidnapped in [[Paris]]. Kidnappers release him [[April 15]] in exchange for $300,000 [[ransom]].
* [[April 13]] - The [[United States]] launches [[navigation satellite]] Transit I-b.
* [[April 13]] - The [[Blue Streak missile]] is cancelled.
* [[April 16]] - Gunman [[David Pratt]] attacks [[South Africa]]n Prime Minister [[Henrik Verwoerd]] in [[Johannesburg]], wounding him seriously.
* [[April 19]] - In the [[April Revolution]], [[South Korea]]n students hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against president [[Syngman Rhee]], eventually leading him to resign.
* [[April 21]] - In [[Brazil]], the country's capital ([[Federal District]]) is shifted from [[Rio de Janeiro]] to [[Brasília]]. The [[Guanabara State]] is founded to succeed [[Rio de Janeiro]] as the [[Brazilian Federal District]].
* [[April 27]] - [[Togo]] gains independence from [[France|French]]-administered UN trusteeship.
===May===
* [[May 1]] - A Soviet missile shoots down an American [[Lockheed U2]] spy plane; the pilot [[Francis Gary Powers]] is captured.
* [[May 1]] - In India, May 1st is declared as 'Maharashtra Divas', i.e., [[Maharashtra Day]] (the same day is also celebrated as 'Kaamgaar Divas', i.e., Workers Day).
* [[May 4]] - [[West Germany|West German]] refugee minister [[Theodor Oberländer]] is fired because of his [[Nazi]] past.
* [[May 6]] - President [[Dwight Eisenhower]] signs the [[Civil Rights Act of 1960]] into law.
* [[May 9]] - The U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] announces that it will approve [[birth control]] as an additional [[indication (medicine)|indication]] for [[G. D. Searle & Company|Searle]]'s Enovid, making it the world's first approved [[combined oral contraceptive pill|oral contraceptive pill]].
* [[May 10]] - The nuclear submarine [[USS Triton|USS ''Triton'']] completes the first underwater circumnavigation of the [[Earth]].
* [[May 11]] - In [[Buenos Aires]], 4 [[Mossad]] agents abduct fugitive [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[Adolf Eichmann]], who was using the alias "Ricardo Klement".
* [[May 13]] - A Swiss/Austrian expedition makes the first ascent of [[Dhaulagiri]], the world's 7th highest mountain.
* [[May 14]] - The Kenyan African National Congress Party is founded in [[Kenya]], when 3 political parties join forces.
* [[May 15]] - [[Sputnik program|Sputnik 4]] is launched into [[Earth]] orbit.
* [[May 16]] - [[Nikita Khrushchev]] demands an apology from U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] for [[U-2 spy plane]] flights over the [[Soviet Union]], thus ending a [[Big Four#Countries|Big Four]] summit in [[Paris]].
* [[May 16]] - [[Theodore Maiman]] operates the first [[laser]].
* [[May 20]] - In [[Japan]], police carry away [[Socialist]] members of the [[Diet of Japan|Diet]]; Parliament then approves a security treaty with the [[United States]].
* [[May 22]] - [[Great Chilean Earthquake]]: [[Chile]]'s subduction fault ruptures from [[Talcahuano]] to [[Taitao Peninsula]], causing a [[tsunami]] and one of the greatest [[earthquake]]s on record. [[Seismograph]]s in [[Valdivia (city)|Valdivia]] crash.
* [[May 23]] - [[Prime Minister of Israel]] [[David Ben-Gurion]] announces that [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[war criminal]] [[Adolf Eichmann]] has been captured.
* [[May 27]] - In [[Turkey]], a bloodless military [[coup d'état]] removes President [[Celal Bayar]] and installs General [[Cemal Gürsel]] as head of state.
===June===
* [[June 1]] - [[New Zealand]]'s first [[television]] transmission occurs when a switch is flicked in Shortland Street, [[Auckland]]
* [[June 4]] - The [[Lake Bodom murders]] occur in [[Finland]].
* [[June 6]] - U.S. Senator [[John F. Kennedy]] wins the [[California]] [[Democratic]] primary.
* [[June 9]] - [[Typhoon]] Mary kills 1,000,000 in the [[Fukien]] province of [[China]].
* [[June 15]] - Violent [[Demonstration (people)|demonstrations]] at [[Tokyo University]] result in 182 arrests, 589 injuries.
* [[June 15]] - [[BC Ferries]], the second largest ferry operator in the world, starts service between [[Tsawwassen]] and [[Swartz Bay]].
* [[June 19]] - The [[Associated Broadcasting Company]] is founded in the [[Philippines]].
* [[June 20]] - The [[Mali Federation]] between [[Senegal]] and [[Sudanese Republic]] (now [[Mali]]) gains [[independence]] from [[France]].
* [[June 23]] - [[Japan]]ese prime minister [[Nobusuke Kishi]] announces his resignation.
* [[June 24]] - [[Joseph Kasavubu]] is elected the first president of independent [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]].
* [[June 24]] - [[Avro 748]] makes its first flight at [[Woodford]], [[United Kingdom|UK]].
* [[June 26]] - [[British Somaliland]] gains [[independence]] from the [[United Kingdom]]; 5 days later it unites with the former [[Italian Somaliland]] to create the modern [[Somali Republic]].
* [[June 28]] - The [[University of Novi Sad]] is founded.
* [[June 29]] - The Kanlaon Broadcasting System (KBS), the fourth TV station in the [[Philippines]], is launched.
* [[June 30]] - [[Belgian Congo]] gains [[independence]] from [[Belgium]]; civil war follows.
* [[June 30]] - Public demonstrations by democratic and left forces, against Italian government support of the post-fascist [[Italian Social Movement]], are heavily suppressed by police.
===July===
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* [[July 1]] - [[Ghana]] becomes a [[Republic]] and [[Kwame Nkrumah]] becomes its first [[President of Ghana|President]] as [[Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]] ceases to be the [[Heads of state of Ghana|Head of state]].
* [[July 1]] - A [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Mikoyan|MiG]] fighter north of [[Murmansk]] in the [[Barents Sea]] shoots down a 6-man [[B-47 Stratojet|RB-47]]. Two [[United States Air Force]] officers survive and are imprisoned in [[Moscow]]'s dreaded [[Lubyanka (KGB)|Lubyanka prison]].
* [[July 1]] - [[Somalia|Italian Somailand]] Gains it's Independence from [[Italy]], 5 days after the [[British Somaliland|British Somailand]]
* [[July 4]] - Following the admission of [[Hawaii]] as the 50th [[U.S. state]] the previous year, the 50-star [[flag of the United States]] debuts in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]].
* [[July 10]] - The [[USSR national football team|Soviet Union]] beats [[Yugoslavia national football team|Yugoslavia]] 2-1 to win the first [[European Football Championship]].
* [[July 11]] - [[Moise Tshombe]] declares the Congolese province of [[Katanga]] independent; he receives Belgian help.
* [[July 11]] - U.S. Senator [[John F. Kennedy]] is nominated for President at the [[Democratic National Convention]] in [[Los Angeles, California]].
* [[July 12]] - [[Orlyonok]], the main [[Young Pioneer camp]] of the [[Russian SFSR]], is founded.
* [[July 14]] - The [[United Nations]] decides to send troops to Katanga to oversee Belgian troops withdrawal.
* [[July 20]] - [[Sri Lanka]] (then Ceylon) elects [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] Prime Minister, the world's first elected female head of government.
* [[July 21]] - [[Francis Chichester]], English navigator and yachtsman, arrives in New York aboard ''Gypsy Moth II'' — he has made a record solo Atlantic crossing in 40 days.
* [[July 25]] - The Woolworth's counter in [[Greensboro, North Carolina]], the subject of a sit-in which sparked sit-ins and pickets across the southern United States in February 1960, serves its first black customer.
* [[July 25]]-[[July 28]] - In [[Chicago]], the [[Republican National Convention]] nominates U.S. Vice President [[Richard M. Nixon]] for President and [[Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.]] for Vice President.
* [[July 27]] - The [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] is founded in [[Paris]].
===August===
* [[August 1]] - [[Benin]] become independent from [[France]], under the name [[Dahomey]].
* [[August 5]] - [[Burkina Faso]] (Upper Volta) declares [[independence]] from [[France]].
* [[August 6]] - [[Cuban Revolution]]: In response to a [[United States]] [[United States embargo against Cuba|embargo]], [[Cuba]] nationalizes American and foreign-owned property in the nation.
* [[August 6]] - In the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], Albert Kalonji declares the independence of the Autonomous State of [[South Kasai]].
* [[August 7]] - [[Côte d'Ivoire]] becomes independent.
* [[August 11]] - [[Chad]] becomes independent.
* [[August 13]] - [[Central African Republic]] becomes independent.
* [[August 15]] - [[Congo-Brazzaville]] becomes independent.
* [[August 16]] - [[Joseph Kittinger]] parachutes from a balloon over [[New Mexico]] at 102,800 feet (31,333 m). He sets unbeaten ([[as of 2005]]) world records for: high-altitude jump; [[free-fall]] by falling 16 miles (25.7 km) before opening his [[parachute]]; and fastest speed by a [[human]] without motorized assistance, 982 km/h (614 mi/h).
* [[August 16]] - [[Cyprus]] gains its independence from the [[United Kingdom]].
* [[August 17]] - The newly named [[Beatles]] begin a forty-eight night residency at the [[Indra]] Club in [[Hamburg]], [[West Germany]].
* [[August 17]] - [[Gabon]] gains independence from [[France]].
* [[August 17]] - The trial of [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] pilot [[Francis Gary Powers]] begins in [[Moscow]].
* [[August 19]] - [[Cold War]]: In [[Moscow]], downed American [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] pilot [[Francis Gary Powers]] is sentenced to 10 years imprisonment by the [[Soviet Union]] for [[espionage]].
* [[August 19]] - [[Sputnik program]]: The [[Soviet Union]] launches [[Sputnik 5]], with the [[dog]]s Belka and Strelka ([[Russian language|Russian]] for "Squirrel" and "Little Arrow"), 40 [[mouse|mice]], 2 [[rat]]s and a variety of [[plant]]s. The spacecraft returns to earth the next day and all animals are recovered safely.
* [[August 20]] - [[Senegal]] breaks away from the [[Mali Federation]], declaring independence.
* [[August 25]] - The [[1960 Summer Olympics]] are open in [[Rome]].
* [[August 25]] - The ''[[USS Seadragon (SSN-584)]]'' surfaces at the [[North Pole]], where the crew plays softball.
* [[August 29]] - [[Hurricane]] Donna kills 50 in [[Florida]] and [[New England]].
===September===
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* [[September 1]] - [[Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah]], [[Sultan]] of [[Selangor]] and 2nd [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] of [[Malaysia]], dies in office. He is replaced by [[Tuanku Syed Putra]], [[Raja]] of [[Perlis]].
* [[September 1]] - Disgruntled [[railroad]] workers effectively halt operations of the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]], marking the first shutdown in the company's history (the event lasts 2 days).
* [[September 5]] - [[1960 Summer Olympics]]: [[Cassius Clay]] wins the gold medal in boxing.
* [[September 5]] - [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]] president [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fires [[Patrice Lumumba]]'s government and places him under [[house arrest]].
* [[September 8]] - In [[Huntsville, Alabama]], U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] formally dedicates the [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] (which [[NASA]] had already activated on [[July 1]]).
* [[September 14]] - Colonel [[Joseph Mobutu]] takes power in [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]] in a [[military coup]].
* [[September 14]] - [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Kuwait]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Venezuela]] form [[OPEC]].
* [[September 22]] - [[Mali]], sole remaining member of the Mali Federation following the withdrawal of Senegal a month earlier, declares full independence as the ''Republic of Mali''.
* [[September 26]] - The 2 leading U.S. presidential candidates, [[Richard M. Nixon]] and [[John F. Kennedy]], participate in the first televised presidential debate.
===October===
* [[October 1]] - [[Nigeria]] gains independence; [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] is the first native [[Governor General]].
* [[October 3]] - [[Jânio Quadros]] is elected president of [[Brazil]] for a 5-year term.
* [[October 5]] - White [[South Africa]]ns vote to make the country a republic.
* [[October 12]] - [[Cold War]]: [[Nikita Khrushchev]] [[shoe-banging incident|pounds his shoe on a table]] at a [[United Nations]] General Assembly meeting, to protest at the discussion of [[Soviet Union]] policy toward [[Eastern Europe]].
* [[October 12]] - [[Otoya Yamaguchi]] assassinates [[Inejiro Asanuma]], chairman of the Japanese Socialist Party.
* [[October 14]] - U.S. presidential candidate [[John F. Kennedy]] first suggests the idea for the [[Peace Corps]].
* [[October 24]] - A rocket explodes in the [[Baikonur]] Space Center during fueling, killing 91.
* [[October 26]] - [[Robert F. Kennedy]] calls [[Coretta Scott King]], wife of [[Dr. Martin Luther King]], and secures his release from jail on a traffic violation in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].
* [[October 29]] - In [[Louisville, Kentucky]], Cassius Clay (later [[Muhammad Ali]]) wins his first professional fight.
* [[October 30]] - [[Michael Woodruff]] performs the first successful kidney transplant in the [[United Kingdom]], at the [[Edinburgh Royal Infirmary]].
===November===
[[Image:Polaris-a3.jpg|thumb|200px| '''[[November 15]]''': [[Polaris missile]] test]]
* [[November 2]] - [[Penguin Books]] is found not guilty of [[obscenity]] in the ''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' case.
* [[November 8]] - [[United States presidential election, 1960]]: In a close race, [[John F. Kennedy]] is elected over [[Richard M. Nixon]], becoming the youngest (43) man elected to that office.
* [[November 13]] - [[Sammy Davis, Jr.]] marries Swedish actress [[May Britt]].
* [[November 14]] - [[Belgium]] threatens to leave the [[United Nations]] over criticism of its [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]] policy.
* [[November 14]] - A collision between two trains in [[Pardubice]], [[Czechoslovakia]] kills 117 people.
* [[November 15]] - The [[Polaris missile]] is test-launched.
* [[November 22]] - The [[United Nations]] supports the government of [[Joseph Kasavubu]] and [[Joseph Mobutu]] in [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]].
* [[november 24]] - [[Wilt Chamberlain]] makes 55 rebounds
* [[November 28]] - [[Mauritania]] becomes independent of [[France]].
* [[November 30]] - Production of the [[DeSoto (automobile)|DeSoto]] automobile brand ceases.
===December===
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* [[December 1]] - [[Patrice Lumumba]], the deposed premier of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]], is arrested by troops of Colonel [[Joseph Mobutu]].
* [[December 1]] - A 5-ton [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] spacecraft containing animals, insects and plants is launched into orbit; it burns up upon re-entry.
* [[December 2]] - The [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], the Most Rev. Geoffrey Francis Fisher, talks with [[Pope John XXIII]] for about an hour in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]. It is the first time in more than 500 years that a head of the [[Anglican Church]] had visited the Pope.
* [[December 2]] - U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] authorizes the use of $1M for the relief and resettlement of [[Cuba]]n [[refugees]], who have been arriving in [[Florida]] at the rate of 1,000 a week.
* [[December 4]] - The admission to the [[United Nations]] of [[Mauritania]] is vetoed by the [[Soviet Union|USSR]].
* [[December 5]] - [[Pierre Lagaillarde]], who led [[1958]] and 1960 insurrections in [[Algeria]], fails to appear in a [[Paris]] court. He has reportedly fled with 4 fellow defendants to [[Spain]] en route to Algeria.
* [[December 7]] - The [[United Nations]] Security Council is called into session by the [[Soviet Union]], to consider Soviet demands that the U.N. seek the immediate release of former [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]] Premier [[Patrice Lumumba]].
* [[December 9]] - French President [[Charles de Gaulle]]'s visit to [[Algeria]] is marked by bloody riots by European and [[Muslim]] mobs in Algeria's largest cities, killing 127 people.
* [[December 9]] - First Episode of long-running drama ''[[Coronation Street]]'' airs. It was originally planned to be a 16-part drama but became such a success that it is still running 5 times or more per week.
* [[December 12]] - The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] upholds a Federal Court ruling that [[Louisiana]]'s segregation laws are [[Constitutionality|unconstitutional]].
* [[December 13]] - While Emperor [[Haile Selassie I]] of [[Ethiopia]] visits [[Brazil]], his [[Kebur Zabangna|Imperial Bodyguard]] revolts unsuccessfully against his rule. The rebels proclaim the emperor's son, Crown Prince [[Amha Selassie|Asfa Wossen]], as Emperor.
* [[December 13]] - [[Guatemala]], [[El Salvador]], [[Nicaragua]] and [[Honduras]] found the [[Central American Common Market]].
* [[December 13]] - Navy Commander Leroy Heath (Pilot) and Lieutenant Larry Monroe (Bombardier/Navigator) establish a world altitude record of 91,450.8 feet (27,874.2 metres) in an [[A-5 Vigilante|A3J Vigilante]] carrying a 1,000 kilogram payload, besting the previous record by over 4 miles.
* [[December 14]] - [[Antoine Gizenga]] proclaims in [[Stanleyville]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]], that he has assumed the premiership.
* [[December 14]] - The [[OECD]] is formed in [[Paris]].
* [[December 15]] - King [[Mahendra of Nepal]] deposes the government and takes power into his own hands.
* [[December 15]] - King [[Baudouin of Belgium]] marries Doña [[Fabiola de Mora y Aragon]].
* [[December 16]] - U.S. Secretary of State [[Christian Herter]] announces that the United States will commit 5 atomic submarines and 80 [[Polaris missiles]] to [[NATO]] by the end of [[1963]].
* [[December 16]] - [[1960 New York air disaster]]: [[United Airlines]] [[DC-8]] collides with a [[TWA]] [[Lockheed Constellation]] over [[Staten Island]], [[New York City]]. All 128 passengers and crew on both planes are killed, as are 6 persons on the ground.
* [[December 17]] - Troops loyal to [[Haile Selassie I]] in [[Ethiopia]] suppress the revolt that began [[December 13]], giving power back to their leader upon his return from [[Brazil]]. Haile Selassie absolves his son of any guilt.
* [[December 19]] - Fire sweeps through the [[USS Constellation (CV-64)|USS ''Constellation'']], the largest U.S. aircraft carrier, while it is under construction at a [[Brooklyn Navy Yard]] pier, killing 50 and injuring 150.
* [[December 20]] - Discoverer XIX is launched into polar orbit from [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]], to measure [[radiation]].
* [[December 27]] - [[France]] sets off its third nuclear test blast at its atomic proving grounds at [[Reggane]], [[Algeria]].
===Ongoing===
* [[Computer Age]]
* [[Cold War]].
===World population===
*[[World population]]: 3,021,475,000
**[[Africa]]: 277,398,000
**[[Asia]]: 1,701,336,000
**[[Europe]]: 604,401,000
**[[Latin-America]]: 218,300,000
**[[Northern America]]: 204,152,000
**[[Oceania]]: 15,888,000
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Shōwa]] 35}}
===January-February===
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* [[January 2]] - [[Naoki Urasawa]], Japanese manga author and artist
* [[January 3]] - [[Sandeep Marwah]], Founder of Noida Film City
* [[January 4]] - [[Michael Stipe]], American singer ([[R.E.M. (band)|R.E.M.]])
* [[January 6]] - [[Kari Jalonen]], Finnish ice hockey player
* [[January 6]] - [[Nigella Lawson]], British chef and writer
* [[January 6]] - [[Howie Long]], American football player
* [[January 10]] - [[Samira Said]], Moroccan singer
* [[January 12]] - [[Oliver Platt]], Canadian actor
* [[January 12]] - [[Dominique Wilkins]], American basketball player
* [[January 13]] - [[Kevin Anderson (actor)|Kevin Anderson]], American actor
* [[January 20]] - [[Will Wright (game designer)|Will Wright]], American computer game designer best known for games such as [[The Sims]], [[Sim City]], and [[Spore (2008 video game)|Spore]]
* [[January 22]] - [[Michael Hutchence]], Australian musician ([[INXS]]) (d. [[1997]])
* [[January 23]] - [[Patrick de Gayardon]], French skydiver and skysurfing pioneer (d. [[1998]])
* [[January 28]] - [[Robert von Dassanowsky]], American cultural historian, writer, and producer
* [[January 29]] - [[Greg Louganis]], American diver
* [[January 29]] - [[Gia Carangi]], American model (d. [[1986]])
* [[January 29]] - [[Sean Kerly]], British field hockey player
* [[February 2]] - [[Jari Porttila]], Finnish sports journalist
* [[February 4]] - [[Tim Booth]], British singer ([[James]])
* [[February 13]] - [[Pierluigi Collina]], Italian football (soccer) referee
* [[February 13]] - [[Gary Patterson]], American football coach
* [[February 14]] - [[Jim Kelly]], American football player
* [[February 16]] - [[Cherie Chung]], Hong Kong actress
* [[February 19]] - [[Prince Andrew, Duke of York]]
* [[February 20]] - [[Kee Marcello]], Swedish guitarist ([[Easy Action (band)|Easy Action]], [[Europe (band)|Europe]])
* [[February 21]] - [[Henry G. Brinton]], American writer and minister
* [[February 23]] - [[Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan]]
* [[February 27]] - [[Andrés Gómez]], Ecuadorian tennis player
* [[February 28]] - [[Dorothy Stratten]], Canadian model and actress (d. [[1980]])
===March-April===
* [[March 2]] - [[Hector Calma]], Filipino basketball player
* [[March 4]] - [[Mikko Kuustonen]], Finnish singer and songwriter
* [[March 4]] - [[John Mugabi]], Ugandan boxer and world Junior Middleweight champion
* [[March 4]] - [[Mykelti Williamson]], American actor
* [[March 7]] - [[Joe Carter]], baseball player
* [[March 7]] - [[Ivan Lendl]], Czech tennis player
* [[March 8]] - [[Finn Carter]], American actress
* [[March 10]] - [[Anne MacKenzie]], British broadcaster
* [[March 12]] - [[Minoru Niihara]], Japanese singer
* [[March 12]] - [[Maki Nomiya]], Japanese singer ([[Pizzicato Five]])
* [[March 13]] - [[Adam Clayton]], Irish bassist ([[U2]])
* [[March 13]] - [[Joe Ranft]], American animator (d. [[2005]])
* [[March 14]] - [[Kirby Puckett]], baseball player (d. [[2006]])
* [[March 16]] - [[Jenny Eclair]] (British comedian, actress and novelist
* [[March 18]] - [[Richard Biggs]], American actor (d. [[2004]])
* [[March 20]] - [[Norm Magnusson]], American artist
* [[March 21]] - [[Ayrton Senna]], Brazilian race car driver (d. [[1994]])
* [[March 23]] - [[Nicol Stephen]], Scottish politician
* [[March 24]] - [[Nena Kerner]], German singer
* [[March 26]] - [[Marcus Allen]], American football player
* [[March 27]] - [[Hans Pflügler]], German footballer
* [[March 27]] - [[Renato Russo]], Brazilian singer ([[Legião Urbana]]) (d. [[1996]])
* [[April 1]] - [[Michael Praed]], British actor
* [[April 2]] - [[Linford Christie]], British athlete
* [[April 3]] - [[Elizabeth Gracen]], American beauty queen, actress, and model
* [[April 4]] - [[Jane Eaglen]], English soprano
* [[April 4]] - [[Hugo Weaving]], Australian actor
* [[April 11]] - [[Jeremy Clarkson]], English journalist and television show host
* [[April 14]] - [[Brad Garrett]], American actor
* [[April 16]] - [[Rafael Benitez]], Spanish football manager
* [[April 16]] - [[Wahab Akbar]], Filipino politician (d. [[2007]])
* [[April 18]] - [[Neo Rauch]], German painter
* [[April 19]] - [[Frank Viola]], baseball player
* [[April 23]] - [[Steve Clark]], English guitarist ([[Def Leppard]])
* [[April 23]] - [[Valerie Bertinelli]], American actress
* [[April 24]] - [[Paula Yates]], British television presenter (d. [[2000]])
* [[April 25]] - [[Michael Lohan]], American stock broker and reality television star, father of [[Lindsay Lohan]]
* [[April 26]] - [[Roger Andrew Taylor|Roger Taylor]], English musician ([[Duran Duran]])
* [[April 28]] - [[John Cerutti]], baseball player and announcer (d. [[2004]])
===May-June===
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* [[May 4]] - [[Andrew Denton]], Australian television presenter and comedian
* [[May 6]] - [[John Flansburgh]], American musician ([[They Might Be Giants]])
* [[May 6]] - [[Roma Downey]], Irish-born actress
* [[May 10]] - [[Bono]], Irish singer ([[U2]])
* [[May 14]] - [[Ronan Tynan]], Irish tenor
* [[May 18]] - [[Jari Kurri]], Finnish hockey player
* [[May 18]] - [[Yannick Noah]], French tennis player
* [[May 20]] - [[John Billingsley]], American actor
* [[May 21]] - [[Jeffrey Dahmer]], American serial killer (d. [[1994]])
* [[May 22]] - [[Hideaki Anno]], Japanese director
* [[May 23]] - [[Linden Ashby]], American actor
* [[May 31]] - [[Greg C. Adams]], Canadian ice hockey player
* [[June 4]] - [[Bradley Walsh]], English comedian and actor
* [[June 6]] - [[Steve Vai]], American guitarist
* [[June 8]] - [[Mick Hucknall]], English singer and songwriter ([[Simply Red]])
* [[June 12]] - [[Corynne Charby]], French model, actress and singer
** [[Meredith Brooks]], American singer
* [[June 14]] - [[Peter Mitchell (news)|Peter Mitchell]], Australian news reader
* [[June 16]] - [[Peter Sterling]], Australian rugby player
* [[June 17]] - [[Michael Monroe]], Finnish singer ([[Hanoi Rocks]])
* [[June 18]] - [[Kevin Drinkell]], English footballer
* [[June 20]] - [[John Taylor (Duran Duran)|John Taylor]], English musician ([[Duran Duran]])
* [[June 21]] - [[Kevin Harlan]], American sports announcer
* [[June 28]] - [[John Elway]], American football player
* [[June 30]] - [[Tony Bellotto]], Brazilian guitarist and writer
===July-August===
* [[July 3]] - [[Vince Clarke]], English songwriter ([[Depeche Mode]], [[Yazoo (band)|Yazoo]], and [[Erasure]])
* [[July 5]] - [[Pruitt Taylor Vince]], American actor
* [[July 5]] - [[Rick Devin]], American guitarist and singer/songwriter
* [[July 7]] - [[Kevin A. Ford]], American NASA astronaut
* [[July 9]] - [[Charles Gavin]], Brazilian drummer and producer
* [[July 13]] - [[Ian Hislop]], British broadcaster and editor
* [[July 14]] - [[Kyle Gass]], American music singer-song-writer-guitarist/actor
* [[July 17]] - [[Robin Shou]], Hong Kong actor
* [[July 17]] - [[Jan Wouters]], Dutch football player and manager
* [[July 21]] - [[Ezequiel Viñao]], Argentine-born composer
* [[July 21]] - [[Fritz Walter (footballer, 1960)|Fritz Walter]], German footballer
* [[July 22]] - [[Jon Oliva]], American vocalist and pianist ([[Savatage]])
* [[August 1]] - [[Chuck D]], American rapper, leader of [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]]
* [[August 4]] - [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]], [[Prime Minister of Spain]]
* [[August 7]] - [[David Duchovny]], American actor
* [[August 8]] - [[Ulrich Maly]], German politician and Mayor of Nuremberg
* [[August 10]] - [[Antonio Banderas]], Spanish actor
* [[August 10]] - [[Todd David Hess]], USAF Colonel and surgeon
* [[August 10]] - [[Kenny Perry]], American golfer
* [[August 13]] - [[Phil Taylor]], English darts player
* [[August 14]] - [[Sarah Brightman]], English soprano singer and actress
* [[August 17]] - [[Sean Penn]], American actor
* [[August 19]] - [[Morten Andersen]], American football player
* [[August 24]] - [[Cal Ripken, Jr.]], American baseball player
* [[August 26]] - [[Branford Marsalis]], American musician
* [[August 30]] - [[Chalino Sanchez]], Mexican musician (d. [[1992]])
===September-October===
* [[September 2]] - [[John S. Hall]], American poet and spoken-word artist
* [[September 6]] - [[Bob Stoops]], American football coach
* [[September 9]] - [[Hugh Grant]], English actor
* [[September 10]] - [[Colin Firth]], English actor
* [[September 14]] - [[Callum Keith Rennie]], Canadian actor
* [[September 16]] - [[John Franco]], American baseball player
* [[September 19]] - [[Yolanda Saldívar]], American murderer of [[tejano]] singer [[Selena Quintanilla-Perez]]
* [[September 22]] - [[Joan Jett]], U.S. musician, vocalist & leader of "Joan Jett & The Blackhearts"
* [[October 4]] - [[Billy Hatcher]], baseball player
* [[October 6]] - [[Richard Jobson (television presenter)|Richard Jobson]] Scottish singer-songwriter ([[The Skids|Skids]]) and film-maker, best known as a television presenter
* [[October 7]] - [[Kyosuke Himuro]], Japanese singer
* [[October 12]] - [[Alexei Kudrin]], a [[Russia]]n [[statesman]] and the Russian Minister of Finance
* [[October 17]] - [[Guy Henry (actor)|Guy Henry]], English actor
* [[October 18]] - [[Jean-Claude Van Damme]], Belgian actor
* [[October 24]] - [[Jaime Garzón]], Colombian journalist and comedian (d. [[1999]])
* [[October 28]] - [[Landon Curt Noll]], American astronomer, cryptographer, and mathematician
* [[October 29]] - [[Finola Hughes]], British actress
* [[October 30]] - [[Diego Armando Maradona]], Argentine footballer
===November-December===
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* [[November 3]] - [[Karch Kiraly]], American volleyball player
* [[November 4]] - [[Frl. Menke]], German pop singer
* [[November 5]] - [[Tilda Swinton]], British actress
* [[November 10]] - [[Neil Gaiman]], English author
* [[November 11]] - [[Peter Parros]], American actor
* [[November 11]] - [[Stanley Tucci]], American actor and film director
* [[November 17]] - [[Neil Flynn]], American actor
* [[November 17]] - [[Jonathan Ross (television presenter)|Jonathan Ross]], English television presenter
* [[November 18]] - [[Kim Wilde]], English singer and gardener
* [[November 20]] - [[Marc Labrèche]], Canadian actor and television host
* [[November 25]] - [[Amy Grant]], American musician
* [[November 25]] - [[John F. Kennedy, Jr.]], American lawyer and journalist (d. [[1999]])
* [[November 26]] - [[Harold Reynolds]], baseball player and broadcaster
* [[November 27]] - [[Yulia Tymoshenko]], [[Prime Minister of Ukraine]]
* [[November 30]] - [[Rich Fields]], American television personality
* [[December 2]] - [[Rick Savage]], English bassist ([[Def Leppard]])
* [[December 3]] - [[Daryl Hannah]], American actress
* [[December 4]] - [[Glynis Nunn]], Australian athlete
* [[December 5]] - [[Brian Bromberg]] American Jazz bassist and composer
* [[December 10]] - [[Kenneth Branagh]], Northern Irish actor and director
* [[December 10]] - [[Michael Schoeffling]], American actor and model
* [[December 14]] - [[Bob Paris]], American bodybuilder and gay rights advocate
* [[December 18]] - [[Kazuhide Uekusa]], Japanese economist
* [[December 24]] - [[Carol Vorderman]], British television presenter
* [[December 24]] - [[Eva Tamargo]], American actress
* [[December 27]] - [[Maryam d'Abo]], British actress
* [[December 28]] - [[John Fitzgerald]], Australian tennis player
* [[December 29]] - [[Dave Pelzer]], American author
* [[December 31]] - [[John Allen Muhammad]], American serial killer
* [[December 31]] - [[Steve Bruce]], English footballer
==Deaths==
===January-June===
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* [[January 1]] - [[Margaret Sullavan]], American actress (b. [[1909]])
* [[January 4]] - [[Albert Camus]], French writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] (b. [[1913]])
* [[January 9]] - [[Elsie J. Oxenham]], British children's novelist (b. [[1880]])
* [[January 12]] - [[Nevil Shute]], English writer (b. [[1899]])
* [[January 24]] - [[Edwin Fischer]], Swiss pianist and conductor (b. [[1886]])
* [[January 27]] - [[Osvaldo Aranha]], Brazilian politician (b. [[1894]])
* [[January 30]] - [[J. C. Kumarappa]], Indian economist (b. [[1892]])
* [[February 2]] - [[Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji Maharaja]], Hindu teacher (b. [[1884]])
* [[February 3]] - [[Fred Buscaglione]], Italian singer and actor (b. [[1921]])
* [[February 9]] - [[Jaroslav Joseph Polivka]], Czech structural engineer (b. [[1886]])
* [[February 10]] - [[Aloysius Stepinac]], Catholic prelate (b. [[1898]])
* [[February 11]] - [[Ernő Dohnányi]], Hungarian conductor (b. [[1877]])
* [[February 20]] - Sir [[Leonard Woolley]], British archaeologist (b. [[1880]])
* [[February 21]] - [[Edwina Mountbatten, Countess Mountbatten of Burma]] (b. [[1901]]), last Vicereine of India
* [[February 29]] - [[Walter Yust]], American encyclopedia editor (b. [[1894]])
* [[March 2]] - [[Stanislaw Taczak|Stanisław Taczak]], Polish general (b. [[1874]])
* [[March 9]] - [[Jack Beattie]], Irish politician (b. [[1886]])
* [[April 1]] - [[Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad]], King of Malaysia (b. [[1895]])
* [[April 17]] - [[Eddie Cochran]], American singer (b. [[1938]])
* [[April 24]] - [[Max von Laue]], German physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1879]])
* [[May 3]] - [[Masa Niemi]], Finnish actor (b. [[1914]])
* [[May 8]] - [[J. H. C. Whitehead]], British mathematician (b. [[1904]])
* [[May 11]] - [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]], American philanthropist (b. [[1874]])
* [[May 23]] - [[Georges Claude]], French inventor (b. [[1870]])
* [[May 27]] - [[Edward Brophy]], American actor (b. [[1895]])
* [[May 30]] - [[Boris Pasternak]], Russian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (declined) (b. [[1890]])
* [[May 31]] - [[Walther Funk]], German Nazi politician (b. [[1890]])
* [[June 4]] - [[Józef Haller de Hallenburg]], Polish general (b. [[1873]])
* [[June 14]] - [[Ana Pauker]], Romanian politician (b. [[1893]])
* [[June 18]] - [[Shalva Aleksi-Meskhishvili]], Georgian politician (b. [[1884]])
* [[June 25]] - [[Tommy Corcoran]], baseball player (b. [[1869]])
* [[June 27]] - [[Lottie Dod]], English athlete (b. [[1871]])
===July-December===
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* [[July 6]] - [[Aneurin Bevan]], Welsh politician (b. [[1897]])
* [[July 14]] - [[Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie]], French physicist (b. [[1875]])
* [[July 15]] - [[Anton Giulio Bragaglia]], Italian cinematographer (b. [[1890]])
* [[July 15]] - [[Set Persson]], Swedish politician (b. [[1897]])
* [[July 16]] - [[John P. Marquand]], American novelist (b. [[1893]])
* [[August 23]] - [[Oscar Hammerstein II]], writer and lyricist (b. [[1895]])
* [[August 27]] - [[Stanley Clifford Weyman]], U.S. impostor (b. [[1890]])
* [[August 29]] - [[Vicki Baum]], Austrian writer (b. [[1888]])
* [[September 1]] - [[Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah]], King of Malaysia (b. [[1898]])
* [[September 8]] - [[Feroze Gandhi]], Indian politician (b. [[1912]])
* [[September 9]] - [[Jussi Björling]], Swedish tenor (b. [[1911]])
* [[September 20]] - [[Ida Rubinstein]], iconic Russian ballet dancer (b. [[1885]])
* [[September 24]] - [[Mátyás Seiber]], Hungarian composer (b. [[1905]])
{{C20YearTOCright}}
* [[October 31]] - [[H. L. Davis]], American author (b. [[1894]])
* [[November 2]] - [[Dimitris Mitropoulos|Dimitri Mitropoulos]], Greek conductor, pianist, and composer (b. [[1896]])
* [[November 5]] - [[Mack Sennett]], Canadian film producer and director (b. [[1880]])
* [[November 5]] - [[Johnny Horton]], American country singer (b. [[1925]])
* [[November 7]] - [[A.P. Carter]], American singer and songwriter (b. [[1891]])
* [[November 14]] - [[Walter Catlett]], American actor (b. [[1889]])
* [[November 16]] - [[Clark Gable]], American actor (b. [[1901]])
* [[November 24]] - [[Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Olga]], sister of [[Nicholas II]] (b. [[1882]])
* [[November 25]] - [[The Mirabal Sisters]], three Dominican revolutionaries (b. [[1924]], [[1926]], [[1935]])
* [[December 2]] - [[Fritz August Breuhaus de Groot]], German architect, interior designer and designer (b. [[1883]])
* [[December 26]] - [[Watsuji Tetsuro]], Japanese philosopher (b. [[1889]])
==Nobel prizes==
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Donald Arthur Glaser]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - [[Willard Frank Libby]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] - Sir [[Frank Macfarlane Burnet]], [[Peter Brian Medawar]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] - [[Saint-John Perse]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - [[Albert Luthuli|Albert John Luthuli]]
==Academy Awards==
*Best Picture: ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'', [[Sam Zimbalist]] (producer)
*Best Foreign Language Film: ''[[Orfeu Negro]]'', [[France]]
*Best Director: [[William Wyler]], ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]''
*Best Actor: [[Charlton Heston]], ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]''
*Best Supporting Actor: [[Hugh Griffith]] in ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]''
*Best Actress: [[Simone Signoret]], ''[[Room at the Top (film)|Room at the Top]]''
*Best Supporting Actress: [[Shelley Winters]], ''[[The Diary of Anne Frank (film)|The Diary of Anne Frank]]''
*Best Story and Screenplay: ''[[Pillow Talk]]'' by [[Russell Rouse]], [[Clarence Greene]], [[Stanley Shapiro]] and [[Maurice Richlin]]
*Best Adapted Screenplay: ''[[Room at the Top (film)|Room at the Top]]'' by [[Neil Paterson (writer)|Neil Paterson]]
*Best Original Song: "[[High Hopes]]" from ''[[A Hole in the Head]]''
*Best Scoring of a Comedy or Dramatic Picture: ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'', [[Miklos Rozsa]]
*Best Scoring of a Musical Picture: ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'', [[Andre Previn]] and [[Ken Darby]]
== Ship events ==
* [[List of ship launches in 1960]]
* [[List of ship commissionings in 1960]]
* [[List of ship decommissionings in 1960]]
==Notes==
<references/>
==External links==
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