1984 Summer Olympics 82762 224134156 2008-07-07T13:46:03Z Group29 2773812 /* Highlights */ Olympic band {{Olympics infobox|1984|Summer | Name = Games of the XXIII Olympiad | Logo = 84summerolympicslogo.png | Size = 200 | Optional caption = | Host city = [[Los Angeles]], [[California|CA]], [[United States|USA]] | Nations participating = 140 | Athletes participating = 6,797<br>(5,230 men, 1,567 women) | Events = 221 in 23 [[sport]]s | Opening ceremony = [[July 28]], [[1984]] | Closing ceremony = [[August 12]], [[1984]] | Officially opened by = [[Ronald Reagan|President Ronald Reagan]] | Athlete's Oath = [[Edwin Moses]] (athlete) | Judge's Oath = [[Sharon Weber]] | Olympic Torch = [[Rafer Johnson]] (decathlete) | Stadium = [[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]] | P.A. Announcers = [[Dennis Packer]], [[Peter Arbogast]] }} {{Sound sample box align right|Music sample:}} {{Listen |filename=John Williams Olympic Theme.ogg |title="Olympic Fanfare and Theme" |description=composed by [[John Williams]] for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles |format=[[Ogg]]}} {{sample box end}} The '''1984 Summer Olympics''', officially known as the '''Games of the XXIII Olympiad''', were an [[international]] multi-[[sport]] event which was celebrated in [[1984]] in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States]]. Los Angeles was selected on [[May 18]] [[1978]] on the 79th [[List of IOC meetings|IOC session]] at [[Athens]], [[Greece]], without voting, because it was the only city that entered a bid to host the 1984 Summer Olympics. Many blamed this on the massive [[cost overruns]] of the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] hosted in [[Montreal]]. In view of the [[American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics]] in [[Moscow]], the [[Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics]] caused 14 [[Eastern Bloc]] countries and allies including the [[Soviet Union]], [[Cuba]] and [[East Germany]] (but not [[Romania]]) to boycott these Olympics. For differing reasons, Iran and Libya also boycotted. The USSR announced its intention not to participate on [[May 8]], [[1984]], citing security concerns and "chauvinistic sentiments and an anti-Soviet hysteria being whipped up in the United States"<ref>Burns, John F. Protests are Issue: Russians Charge ‘Gross Flouting’ of the Ideals of the Competition. ''[[New York Times]]'', 9 May 1984</ref>. The Los Angeles boycott influenced a large number of events that were normally dominated by the absent countries. Boycotting countries organized another major event in July-August 1984, called the [[Friendship Games]]. The host state of California was the home state of [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Ronald Reagan]], who opened the games. The official mascot specially designed for the games was [[Sam (Olympic Mascot)|Sam the Olympic Eagle]]. ==Torch Relay== The 1984 Olympic Torch Relay began in [[New York City]] and ended in [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], traversing 33 states and [[Washington, D.C.]] Unlike later torch relays, the torch was always carried by runners on foot. It covered more than 9,320 mi (15,000 km) and involved 3616 different runners, including 200 runners from the sponsoring company [[AT&T]]. [[Rafer Johnson]], winner of the [[decathlon]] at the [[1960 Summer Olympics]], was the final torch relay runner. He used the Olympic torch to activate a specially-built Olympic logo, whose flame would circle around the five Olympic rings. The cauldron above the logo was later activated by a switch used inside the press box of the Coliseum. ==Music== [[John Williams (composer)|John Williams]] composed the theme for the Olympiad, [[Olympic Fanfare and Theme]]. The song won a [[Grammy Award]] for Williams and became one of the commonly known musical themes for the Olympic Games, along with [[Leo Arnaud]]'s ''[[Bugler's Dream]]'' which is still used today as the main theme and is sometimes attached to the beginning of Olympic Fanfare and Theme. The famous Brazilian composer [[Sergio Mendes]] also composed a special song for the 1984 Olympic Games "Olympia" from his 1984 album ''[[Confetti (album)|Confetti]]''. A [[choir]] of several hundred voices was assembled of [[singer (music)|singers]] in the region. All were volunteers from nearby [[church|churches]], schools and universities. ==Highlights== * The Tom Bradley International Terminal at [[LAX]] was built for the Olympics. * The Harbor Freeway, known as State Route 11, was renumbered as [[Interstate 110 (California)|Interstate 110]] prior to the games. The freeway itself passes Exposition Park, the site of the games. Shortly thereafter, State Route 7 - the Long Beach Freeway - became [[Interstate 710 (California)|Interstate 710]]. *[[George Gershwin|George Gershwin's]] "[[Rhapsody in Blue]]" was played at the opening ceremony, featuring 88 Baby Grand [[Piano]]s aligned around a portion of the perimeter of the [[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]]. * The organizers of the Los Angeles Olympics, Chief Executive Officer [[Peter Ueberroth]] and Chief Operating Officer [[Harry Usher]], were able to produce a profit of over $200 million. The 1984 Games were the second to make a profit, after only the [[1932 Summer Olympics]] (also in Los Angeles). * All Los Angeles radio and television stations covered the Olympics extensively throughout the event. Pete Arbogast, then an unknown 29-year-old sportscaster, worked his first major assignment by covering the Olympics for both radio station [[KNX]] and for the [[CBS Radio Network]]. Geoff Nathanson's first major assignment was also the L.A. Olympics. * The Olympic Marching Band, comprised of members of the [[Spirit of Troy|USC Band]], the [[UCLA Band]], and members of many other college marching bands, performed during the opening ceremonies. Band members played at different venues afterwards. * L.A. Coliseum public address announcer Dennis Packer served as one of the voices of the events at the historic stadium, including the opening ceremonies. * Though a [[Warsaw Pact]] country, [[Romania]] (then ruled by [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]]) did not boycott the Games and finished second in the medal rankings, winning 53 medals, more than in any other Olympics * This Olympics marked the first time the [[President of the United States]] opened Olympic games held in the United States, although future Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Richard Nixon had opened the 1932 Olympic Games and the 1960 Winter Olympics Winter Olympic Games in their roles as Governor of New York and Vice President of the United States, respectively. * [[Carl Lewis]] makes his first of four appearances in the Olympics, and equals the performance of [[Jesse Owens]] of 1936 and wins four gold medals in the 100 m, 200 m, 4x100 m relay and the Long Jump. * The success of the Los Angeles Olympics led to the 1986 birth of the [[Los Angeles Marathon]], held on the first Sunday of every March. * During the women's 3000 meter track final, U.S. contender [[Mary Decker]] collides with the lead runner [[Zola Budd]], representing Great Britain, causing the American to stumble and fall onto the infield, unable to continue. Amidst a loud and hostile crowd reaction to the incident, Budd falls back to a 7th place finish. Zola Budd told journalists that she tried to apologise to Decker in the tunnel leading away from the track after the race, but was told abruptly, "Don't bother."<ref name="budd">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/11/newsid_3561000/3561846.stm "Zola Budd in race trip controversy"], BBC ON THIS DAY, 11 August (1984). Accessed January 29, 2007.</ref> At first, Budd was disqualified, but the disqualification was reversed only an hour after the race when the jury had seen that she had not purposely done anything to stop Decker, which was what had been claimed by the American team officials.<ref name="buddcleared">[http://www.sok.se/inenglish/losangeles1984.4.18ea16851076df63622800011008.html "Los Angeles 1984"], Official Website of the Swedish Olympic Committee, English version. Accessed January 28, 2007.</ref> * The first gold medal to be awarded at the Los Angeles Olympics was also the first-ever medal to be won by an athlete from [[China]] when [[Xu Haifeng]] won the [[50 m Pistol]] event * [[Nawal El Moutawakel]] of [[Morocco]] becomes the first female Olympic champion of an [[Islam]]ic nation, and the first of her country in the 400 m hurdles. * A [[marathon (sport)|marathon]] for women is held for the first time at the Olympics, won by [[Joan Benoit]]. The event is also noted because of [[Switzerland|Swiss]] runner [[Gabriela Andersen-Schiess|Gabi Andersen-Schiess]], who - suffering from heat exhaustion - stumbles through the last lap, providing dramatic images. * [[Synchronized swimming]] and [[rhythmic gymnastics]] debut in Los Angeles as Olympic events, as does [[wind surfing]]. * Following the IOC agreement to designate the [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan) [[Chinese Taipei]], the [[People's Republic of China]] appears in the Olympics as China and wins 15 gold medals. In weightlifting, athletes from the Chinese Taipei and China teams win medals at the same event. * [[Tennis]] returns for the first time since the [[1924 Summer Olympics]], this time as a demonstration sport. [[Baseball]] is held as an exhibition for the sixth time. * [[Steve Redgrave]] wins his first title in [[Sport rowing|rowing]] of the record five he would go on to win in five Olympic competitions. * [[Daley Thompson]] apparently misses a new world record in winning his second consecutive gold medal in the [[decathlon]]; the next year his score is retroactively raised to 8847, giving him the record. * [[Victor Davis]] sets a new world record in winning the gold medal in the 200-metre breaststroke in swimming. * [[Mary Lou Retton]] becomes the first gymnast outside Eastern Europe to win the gymnastics all-around competition. Only 1 of the 11 women who won gold medals at the 1983 World Championships competed because of the boycott. * In men's gymnastics the USA team won gold and then placed 11th in Seoul 88. No other gold medal winning country since 1948 had ever failed to medal at the next Olympiad in which they competed (until China in Athens 2004 when they dropped to 5th). * [[France national football team|France]] wins the Olympic soccer tournament, defeating Brazil 2-0 in the final. Olympic soccer was unexpectedly played before massive crowds throughout America, with several sell-outs at the 100,000+ seat [[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl]]. This tournament is widely credited with planting the seed for the United States to host the [[1994 FIFA World Cup]] and the rise of American soccer. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W18Ue3pW2q0] * The opening ceremony featured the arrival of [[Bill Suitor]] by means of the [[Bell Aerosystems]] [[rocket pack]] (also known as a [[Jet Pack]]). * [[Professional wrestling|Professional wrestler]] [[Samoa Joe]] (then aged 5) appeared at the opening ceremony as a dancer. Another pro wrestler, the late [[Chris Adams (wrestler)|Chris Adams]] appeared as an advisor to the British Judo squad, traveling concurrently between Los Angeles and Dallas during the competition. * The Soviet led boycott affected weightlifting more than any other sport. 94 of the world's top 100 ranked lifters were absent as were 29 of the 30 medalists from the last world championships. All 10 of the defending world champions in the 10 weight categories were absent. * After the 1984 Games it was admitted that many of the United States cycling team had indulged in "[[blood boosting]]" procedures - not illegal at the time but made illegal shortly afterwards. * 11 athletes failed drug tests. It was reported that as many as 17 other A samples were found to be positive but as the athletes code numbers went missing no B samples were tested. ==Venues== ===Los Angeles venues=== * [[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]] - opening/closing ceremonies, athletics * [[Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena]] - boxing * [[Dodger Stadium]] - baseball * [[Pauley Pavilion]], [[University of California, Los Angeles]] - gymnastics * Eagles Nest Arena, [[California State University, Los Angeles]] - judo * Olympic (McDonald's) Swim Stadium, [[University of Southern California]] - swimming, diving, synchronized swimming * Olympic Village (athlete housing), [[University of Southern California]] * Los Angeles Tennis Center, [[University of California, Los Angeles]] - tennis * Athletes Village, [[University of California, Los Angeles]] * Albert Gersten Pavilion, [[Loyola Marymount University]], [[Westchester, California|Westchester]], [[California]] - weightlifting ===Southern California venues=== * [[El Dorado Park, Long Beach, California]] - archery * [[The Forum (Inglewood, California)|The Forum]], [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]], [[California]] - basketball * [[Lake Casitas]], [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]], [[California]] - canoeing, rowing * Olympic Velodrome, [[California State University, Dominguez Hills]], [[Carson, California|Carson]], [[California]] - cycling * [[Mission Viejo]], [[Orange County, California|Orange County]], [[California]] - road course cycling * [[Santa Anita Park]], [[Arcadia, California|Arcadia]], [[California]] - equestrian sports * [[Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center|Long Beach Convention Center]], [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], [[California]] - fencing * [[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl]], [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], [[California]] - football/soccer * [[Titan Gym]]nasium, [[California State University, Fullerton]], [[Fullerton, California|Fullerton]], [[California]] - handball * [[Weingart Stadium]], [[East Los Angeles College]], [[Monterey Park, California|Monterey Park]], [[California]] - field hockey * [[Coto de Caza]], [[Orange County, California|Orange County]], [[California]] - modern pentathlon * Olympic Shooting Range, [[Prado Regional Park|Prado Recreational Area]], [[Chino, California|Chino]], [[California]] - shooting * [[Long Beach Arena]], [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], [[California]] - volleyball * Raleigh Rummels Memorial Pool, [[Pepperdine University]], [[Malibu, California|Malibu]], [[California]] - water polo * [[Anaheim Convention Center]], [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]], [[California]] - wrestling * Long Beach Shoreline Marina and Harbor, [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], [[California]] - yachting ===Other venues=== * [[Harvard Stadium]], [[Harvard University]], [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] - football/soccer preliminaries * [[Navy-Marine Corps Memorial Stadium]], [[United States Naval Academy]], [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis]], [[Maryland]] - football/soccer preliminaries * [[Stanford Stadium]], [[Stanford University]], [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]], [[California]] - football/soccer preliminaries ==Medals awarded== See the medal winners, ordered by sport: {| | * [[Archery at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Archery]] * [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Athletics]] * [[Basketball at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Basketball]] * [[Boxing at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Boxing]] * [[Canoeing at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Canoeing]] * [[Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Cycling]] * [[Diving at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Diving]] * [[Equestrian at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Equestrian]] |width=20| |valign=top| * [[Fencing at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Fencing]] * [[Football at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Football]] * [[Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Gymnastics]] * [[Handball at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Handball]] * [[Hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Hockey]] * [[Judo at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Judo]] * [[Modern pentathlon at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Modern pentathlon]] * [[Rowing at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Rowing]] |width=20| |valign=top| * [[Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Sailing]] * [[Shooting at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Shooting]] * [[Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Swimming]] * [[Synchronized swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Synchronized swimming]] * [[Volleyball at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Volleyball]] * [[Water polo at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Water polo]] * [[Weightlifting at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]] * [[Wrestling at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] |} ===Demonstration sports=== * [[Baseball at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Baseball]] * [[Tennis at the 1984 Summer Olympics|Tennis]] ==Medal count== {{Main|1984 Summer Olympics medal count}} These are the top medal-collecting nations for the 1984 Games. (Host country is highlighted) and (Highest amount in bold). {| {{RankedMedalTable}} |- bgcolor=ccccff | 1 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|USA|1984 Summer}} || '''83''' || '''61''' || '''30''' || '''174''' |- | 2 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|ROU|1984 Summer}} || 20 || 16 || 17 || 53 |- | 3 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|FRG|1984 Summer}} || 17 || 19 || 23 || 59 |- | 4 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|CHN|1984 Summer}} || 15 || 8 || 9 || 32 |- | 5 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|ITA|1984 Summer}} || 14 || 6 || 12 || 32 |- | 6 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|CAN|1984 Summer}} || 10 || 18 || 16 || 44 |- | 7 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|JPN|1984 Summer}} || 10 || 8 || 14 || 32 |- | 8 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|NZL|1984 Summer}} || 8 || 1 || 2 || 11 |- | 9 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|YUG|1984 Summer}} || 7 || 4 || 7 || 18 |- | 10 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|KOR|1984 Summer}} || 6 || 6 || 7 || 19 |} ==Participating nations== [[Image:1984 Olympic games countries.PNG|thumb|Participating nations]] Athletes from 140 nations competed at the Los Angeles Games. This was the first Olympics appearance by [[Bahrain]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[British Virgin Islands]], [[China]], [[Djibouti]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gambia]], [[Grenada]], [[Mauretania]], [[Mauritius]], [[North Yemen]], [[Oman]], [[People's Republic of China]], [[Qatar]], [[Rwanda]], [[Samoa]], [[Soloman Islands]], [[Tonga]], and [[UAE]]. {| |valign=top| * {{flagIOC|ALG|1984 Summer|32}} * {{flagIOC|AND|1984 Summer|2}} * {{flagIOC|ANT|1984 Summer|13}} * {{flagIOC|ARG|1984 Summer|87}} * {{flagIOC|AUS|1984 Summer|246}} * {{flagIOC|AUT|1984 Summer|102}} * {{flagIOC|BAH|1984 Summer|22}} * {{flagIOC|BRN|1984 Summer|10}} * {{flagIOC|BAN|1984 Summer|1}} * {{flagIOC|BAR|1984 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|BEL|1984 Summer|67}} * {{flagIOC|BIZ|1984 Summer|11}} * {{flagIOC|BEN|1984 Summer|3}} * {{flagIOC|BER|1984 Summer|12}} * {{flagIOC|BHU|1984 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|BOL|1984 Summer|12}} * {{flagIOC|BOT|1984 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|BRA|1984 Summer|151}} * {{flagIOC|IVB|1984 Summer|9}} * {{flagIOC|BIR|1984 Summer|1}} * {{flagIOC|CMR|1984 Summer|49}} * {{flagIOC|CAN|1984 Summer|439}} * {{flagIOC|CAY|1984 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|CAF|1984 Summer|2}} * {{flagIOC|CHA|1984 Summer|3}} * {{flagIOC|CHI|1984 Summer|57}} * {{flagIOC|CHN|1984 Summer|219}} * {{flagIOC|TPE|1984 Summer|59}} * {{flagIOC|COL|1984 Summer|37}} * {{flagIOC|CGO|1984 Summer|10}} * {{flagIOC|CRC|1984 Summer|28}} * {{flagIOC|CIV|1984 Summer|12}} * {{flagIOC|CYP|1984 Summer|10}} * {{flagIOC|DEN|1984 Summer|63}} * {{flagIOC|DJI|1984 Summer|3}} |valign=top| * {{flagIOC|DOM|1984 Summer|39}} * {{flagIOC|ECU|1984 Summer|10}} * {{flagIOC|EGY|1984 Summer|114}} * {{flagIOC|ESA|1984 Summer|10}} * {{flagIOC|GEQ|1984 Summer|5}} * {{flagIOC|FIJ|1984 Summer|15}} * {{flagIOC|FIN|1984 Summer|88}} * {{flagIOC|FRA|1984 Summer|243}} * {{flagIOC|GAB|1984 Summer|4}} * {{flagIOC|GAM|1984 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|FRG|1984 Summer|394}} * {{flagIOC|GHA|1984 Summer|23}} * {{flagIOC|GBR|1984 Summer|338}} * {{flagIOC|GRE|1984 Summer|51}} * {{flagIOC|GRN|1984 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|GUA|1984 Summer|24}} * {{flagIOC|GUI|1984 Summer|3}} * {{flagIOC|GUY|1984 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|HAI|1984 Summer|4}} * {{flagIOC|HON|1984 Summer|12}} * {{flagIOC|HKG|1984 Summer|48}} * {{flagIOC|ISL|1984 Summer|32}} * {{flagIOC|IND|1984 Summer|48}} * {{flagIOC|INA|1984 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|IRQ|1984 Summer|24}} * {{flagIOC|IRL|1984 Summer|43}} * {{flagIOC|ISR|1984 Summer|31}} * {{flagIOC|ITA|1984 Summer|305}} * {{flagIOC|JAM|1984 Summer|45}} * {{flagIOC|JPN|1984 Summer|247}} * {{flagIOC|JOR|1984 Summer|12}} * {{flagIOC|KEN|1984 Summer|60}} * {{flagIOC|KOR|1984 Summer|204}} * {{flagIOC|KUW|1984 Summer|23}} * {{flagIOC|LIB|1984 Summer|21}} |valign=top| * {{flagIOC|LES|1984 Summer|4}} * {{flagIOC|LBR|1984 Summer|9}} * {{flagIOC|LIE|1984 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|LUX|1984 Summer|5}} * {{flagIOC|MAD|1984 Summer|4}} * {{flagIOC|MAW|1984 Summer|15}} * {{flagIOC|MAS|1984 Summer|21}} * {{flagIOC|MLI|1984 Summer|4}} * {{flagIOC|MLT|1984 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|MTN|1984 Summer|4}} * {{flagIOC|MRI|1984 Summer|4}} * {{flagIOC|MEX|1984 Summer|99}} * {{flagIOC|MON|1984 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|MAR|1984 Summer|40}} * {{flagIOC|MOZ|1984 Summer|9}} * {{flagIOC|NEP|1984 Summer|11}} * {{flagIOC|NED|1984 Summer|127}} * {{flagIOC|AHO|1984 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|NZL|1984 Summer|130}} * {{flagIOC|NCA|1984 Summer|25}} * {{flagIOC|NIG|1984 Summer|3}} * {{flagIOC|NGR|1984 Summer|33}} * {{flagIOC|NOR|1984 Summer|104}} * {{flagIOC|OMA|1984 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|PAK|1984 Summer|29}} * {{flagIOC|PAN|1984 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|PNG|1984 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|PAR|1984 Summer|14}} * {{flagIOC|PER|1984 Summer|38}} * {{flagIOC|PHI|1984 Summer|20}} * {{flagIOC|POR|1984 Summer|39}} * {{flagIOC|PUR|1984 Summer|51}} * {{flagIOC|QAT|1984 Summer|27}} * {{flagIOC|ROU|1984 Summer|125}} * {{flagIOC|RWA|1984 Summer|3}} |valign=top| * {{flagIOC|SAM|1984 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|SMR|1984 Summer|19}} * {{flagIOC|KSA|1984 Summer|40}} * {{flagIOC|SEN|1984 Summer|24}} * {{flagIOC|SEY|1984 Summer|9}} * {{flagIOC|SLE|1984 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|SIN|1984 Summer|5}} * {{flagIOC|SOL|1984 Summer|3}} * {{flagIOC|SOM|1984 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|ESP|1984 Summer|185}} * {{flagIOC|SRI|1984 Summer|4}} * {{flagIOC|SUD|1984 Summer|5}} * {{flagIOC|SUR|1984 Summer|5}} * {{flagIOC|SWZ|1984 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|SWE|1984 Summer|176}} * {{flagIOC|SUI|1984 Summer|129}} * {{flagIOC|SYR|1984 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|TAN|1984 Summer|18}} * {{flagIOC|THA|1984 Summer|35}} * {{flagIOC|TOG|1984 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|TGA|1984 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|TRI|1984 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|TUN|1984 Summer|23}} * {{flagIOC|TUR|1984 Summer|47}} * {{flagIOC|UGA|1984 Summer|26}} * {{flagIOC|UAE|1984 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|USA|1984 Summer|615}} * {{flagIOC|URU|1984 Summer|19}} * {{flagIOC|VEN|1984 Summer|26}} * {{flagIOC|ISV|1984 Summer|33}} * {{flagIOC|YAR|1984 Summer|2}} * {{flagIOC|YUG|1984 Summer|143}} * {{flagIOC|ZAI|1984 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|ZAM|1984 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|ZIM|1984 Summer|16}} |} ==Boycotting countries==<!-- This section is linked from [[2008 Summer Olympics]] --> [[Image:Olympic boycotts 1976 1980 1984.PNG|thumb|Boycotting countries shown in red and orange]] 14 Countries took part in the Soviet led boycott of the 1984 Olympic Games [http://www.infoplease.com/ipsa/A0114812.html]: *{{flag|Afghanistan|1980}} *{{flag|Angola}} *{{flag|Bulgaria|1971}} *{{flag|Cuba}} *{{flag|Czechoslovakia}} *{{flag|East Germany}} *{{flag|Ethiopia|1975}} *{{flag|Hungary}} *{{flag|Laos}} *{{flag|Mongolia|1949}} *{{flag|North Korea}} *{{flag|Poland}} *{{flag|Soviet Union}} *{{flag|Vietnam}} {{flag|Iran}} and {{flag|Libya}} also boycotted the games, citing political reasons, but were not a part of the Soviet led boycott. ==Los Angeles as host city== {{refimprovesect|date=January 2008}} Following the news of the massive financial losses of the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] in [[Montreal, Quebec, Canada]], few cities wished to host the Olympics. This was seen as a major threat to the future of the Olympic Games. However, with the financially successful Los Angeles Games, cities began to line up to be hosts again. The Los Angeles and Montreal Games are seen as examples of what to do and what not to do when organizing the Olympics, and serve as object lessons to prospective host cities.{{Who?}} While Montreal organizers ran up a substantial debt eight years earlier by constructing many new, overly ambitiously designed venues, the Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee relied heavily on the use of area venues that were already in existence. The Olympic Velodrome and the Olympic Swim Stadium, funded largely by the [[7-Eleven]] and [[McDonald's]] corporations respectively, were the only two new venues constructed specifically for the L.A. Games. The resulting low construction costs, coupled with a heavy reliance on private corporate funding, allowed the Games to generate a profit of more than $200 million, making them by far the most financially successful in history. Since then, additional object lessons have been drawn from [[1996 Summer Olympics|Atlanta in 1996]] (the need to avoid excessive commercialization) and [[2004 Summer Olympics|Athens in 2004]] (the need to organize and build to schedule). ==In popular culture== [[McDonald's]] ran a promotion entitled "When the U.S. Wins, You Win" where customers scratched off a ticket and if the U.S. won that event then they would be given a free menu item: a [[Big Mac]] for a gold medal, an order of [[french fries]] for a silver medal, and a [[Coca-Cola]] for a bronze medal.<ref name="wins-you-win">[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0B13FA3F5C0C738DDDA10894DC484D81&n=Top/News/Business/Companies/McDonald's%20Corporation ADVERTISING; BIG MAC'S OLYMPIC GIVEAWAY - Free Preview - The New York Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The company lost millions of dollars when the Soviet boycott let the U.S. athletes fare better than they otherwise would have. This was parodied in the ''[[The Simpsons|Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Lisa's First Word]]" where [[Krusty Burger]] runs a similar promotion, although rigged to only offer prizes in events dominated by the Soviets. The Soviet boycott caused [[Krusty the Clown]] to personally lose 44 million dollars and vehemently promise "to spit in every fiftieth burger" to which Homer exclaimed "I like those odds!" ==References== {{reflist}} ==See also== * [[1984 Summer Paralympics]] * [[International Olympic Committee]] * [[IOC country codes]] ===Olympics with significant boycotts=== * [[1976 Summer Olympics]] &ndash; [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] &mdash; African boycott * [[1980 Summer Olympics]] &ndash; [[Moscow]], [[Russia]], [[USSR]] &mdash; [[American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics|US-led boycott]] * 1984 Summer Olympics &ndash; [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.]] &mdash; [[Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics|Soviet-led boycott]] ==External links== {{commonscat}} * [http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1984 IOC Site on 1984 Summer Olympics] * [http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1984/ore203/ORE203h.pdf ''Olympic Review'' 1984 - Official results] * [http://www.la84foundation.com/6oic/OfficialReports/1984/1984v1.pdf Official Report Vol. 1] * [http://www.la84foundation.com/6oic/OfficialReports/1984/1984v2.pdf Official Report Vol. 2] *[http://www.olympic.org/common/asp/launchvideo.asp?name=otab3_losangeles84_win_high.wmv Video of President Reagan declaring games open, and torch-lighting by Rafer Johnson] Whitakers Olympic Almanack 2004 ISBN 0-7136-6724-9. Bill Henry,An Approved History of the Olympic Games,ISBN 0-88284-243-9. Greg Andranovich, Matthew J. Burbank, Charles H. Heying, "Olympic cities: lessons learned from Mega-Event Politics", ''Journal of Urban Affairs'', Vol. 23-2, 2001. {{Olympic_Games}} [[Category:1984 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Sports in Los Angeles, California]] [[Category:Sports festivals hosted in the United States]] [[ar:ألعاب أولمبية صيفية 1984]] [[bs:XXIII Olimpijske igre - Los Angeles 1984.]] [[bg:Летни олимпийски игри 1984]] [[cs:Letní olympijské hry 1984]] [[da:Sommer-OL 1984]] [[de:Olympische Sommerspiele 1984]] [[et:1984. aasta suveolümpiamängud]] [[el:Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1984]] [[es:Juegos Olímpicos de Los Ángeles 1984]] [[eo:Somera Olimpiko 1984]] [[fa:بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۹۸۴]] [[fr:Jeux Olympiques d'été de 1984]] [[gl:Xogos Olímpicos de 1984]] [[ko:1984년 하계 올림픽]] [[hr:XXIII. Olimpijske igre - Los Angeles 1984.]] [[id:Olimpiade Los Angeles 1984]] [[it:Giochi della XXIII Olimpiade]] [[he:אולימפיאדת לוס אנג'לס (1984)]] [[la:1984 Olympia Aestiva]] [[hu:1984. évi nyári olimpiai játékok]] [[nah:Los Ángeles 1984]] [[nl:Olympische Zomerspelen 1984]] [[ja:ロサンゼルスオリンピック (1984年)]] [[no:Sommer-OL 1984]] [[nn:Sommar-OL 1984]] [[pl:Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1984]] [[pt:Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1984]] [[ro:Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1984]] [[ru:Летние Олимпийские игры 1984]] [[simple:1984 Summer Olympics]] [[sl:Poletne olimpijske igre 1984]] [[sr:Летње олимпијске игре 1984.]] [[sh:Olimpijada 1984]] [[fi:Kesäolympialaiset 1984]] [[sv:Olympiska sommarspelen 1984]] [[th:โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1984]] [[tr:1984 Yaz Olimpiyatları]] [[zh:1984年夏季奥林匹克运动会]]