1988 Summer Olympics 82757 224733863 2008-07-10T04:50:10Z BD2412 196446 However, the much larger boycotts seen in the previous three Olympics were avoided, resulting in the largest ever number of participating nations to that date. {{Olympics infobox|1988|Summer | Name = Games of the XXIV Olympiad | Logo = 1988 Summer Olympics logo.png | Size = 200 | Optional caption = | Host city = [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] | Nations participating = 160 | Athletes participating = 8,391 (6,197 men, 2,194 women) | Events = 263 in 27 [[sport]]s | Opening ceremony = [[September 17]], [[1988]] | Closing ceremony = [[October 2]], [[1988]] | Officially opened by = [[President of South Korea|President]] [[Roh Tae-woo]] | Athlete's Oath = [[Hur Jae]] and [[Shon Mi-Na]] | Judge's Oath = [[Lee Hak-Rae]] | Olympic Torch = [[Sohn Kee-chung]], [[Chung Sunman]],<br> [[Kim Wontak]] and [[Sohn Mi-Chung]] | Stadium = [[Olympic Stadium, Seoul|Jamsil Olympic Stadium]] | }} [[Image:Ben Johnson 1988 Olympics - LAC a175370k.jpg|right|thumb|175px|Johnson winning the 100 m final]] The '''1988 Summer Olympics''', officially known as the '''Games of the XXIV Olympiad''', were an [[international]] multi-[[sport]] event which was the [[Summer Olympic Games]] celebrated in [[1988]] in [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]. The host was chosen in the [[September 30]], [[1981]] vote, ahead of the [[Japan|Japanese]] city of [[Nagoya]].<ref name="SEOUL 1988 Games of the XXIV Olympiad">{{cite web | title = Seoul 1988 Games of the XXIV Olympiad | url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1988 |work=www.olympic.org | accessdate = 2007-10-07 }}</ref> It was the second [[Asia|Asian]] nation to ever host an [[Olympic Games]]. [[North Korea]], still officially at war with South Korea, boycotted the event. [[Cuba]], [[Ethiopia]] and [[Nicaragua]] joined the boycott.<ref name="SEOUL 1988 Games of the XXIV Olympiad - Did you know?">{{cite web | title = Seoul 1988 Games of the XXIV Olympiad - Did you know? | url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/innovations_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1988 |work=www.olympic.org | accessdate = 2007-10-07 }}</ref> However, the much larger boycotts seen in the previous three Olympics were avoided, resulting in the largest ever number of participating nations to that date. 160 nations were represented by a total of 8391 athletes (2194 women and 6197 men) in the games. 237 events were held. 27221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics. 11331 media (4978 [[print media|written press]] and 6353 [[broadcast media|broadcasters]]) showed the Games all over the world.<ref name="SEOUL 1988 Games of the XXIV Olympiad"/> Below was the vote count that occurred at the 84th [[IOC Session]] and 11th [[Olympic Congress]] in [[Baden-Baden]], [[West Germany]]. The information comes from [http://www.aldaver.com/votes.html the International Olympic Committee Vote History] web page. {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse: collapse;" |- ! colspan="7" | 1988 Summer Olympics Bidding Results |- | '''City''' | '''NOC Name''' | bgcolor=""|'''Round 1''' |- ||[[Seoul]]||{{KOR}} ||'''52''' |- ||[[Nagoya]]||{{JPN}} ||27 |} == Highlights == [[Image:Seoulolympicstadium2005.JPG|thumb|left|300px|The Olympic stadium in [[Songpa-gu]], [[Seoul]]]] * [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] Vladimir Artemov wins four gold medals in [[gymnastics]]<ref name="Honored Inductees - Vladimir Artemov">{{cite web | title = Honored Inductees - Vladimir Artemov | url=http://www.ighof.com/honorees/honorees_artemov.html |work=[[International Gymnastics Hall of Fame|www.ighof.com]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref>. [[Daniela Silivaş]] of [[Romania]] wins three.<ref name="Honored Inductees - Daniela Silivas">{{cite web | title = Honored Inductees - Daniela Silivas | url=http://www.ighof.com/honorees/honorees_silivas.html |work=[[International Gymnastics Hall of Fame|www.ighof.com]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[United States|US]] sprinter [[Florence Griffith Joyner]] wins three gold medals and a silver on the track.<ref name="World Sport - Florence Griffith-Joyner">{{cite web | title = World Sport - Florence Griffith-Joyner | url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/SPORT/06/03/olympics.griffithjoyner/index.html |work=[[CNN.com]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Ben Johnson (sprinter)|Ben Johnson]] wins the 100 m in a new world record, but is disqualified after he tested positive for [[stanozolol]]. In [[2004]], Johnson accused the American sports authorities of protecting American athletes at the expense of foreign ones. He still claims to this day that André Jackson,<ref name="Odd tale of mystery man in waiting-room">{{cite web | title = {{en}} A Look at André Jackson, the Mystery Man (and friend of Carl Lewis) in the Drug testing area with Ben Johnson in Seoul| url= http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/more_sport/athletics/article1161912.ece |work= The Times Online (UK)|www.timesonline.co.uk| accessdate = 2003-09-23}}</ref> "the Mystery Man" put the stanozolol in his food or his drink.<ref name="Ben Johnson acusa a EEUU de proteger a sus atletas dopados">{{cite web | title = {{es}} Ben Johnson acusa a EEUU de proteger a sus atletas dopados | url=http://www.elmundo.es/jjoo/2004/2004/08/11/atletismo/1092214891.html |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|www.elmundo.es]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * American [[Boxing|boxer]] [[Roy Jones Jr.]] loses the gold medal to [[South Korea|South Korean]] fighter [[Park Si-Hun]] in a very controversial 3-2 judge's decision. Allegations swirled that Korean officials had fixed the judging. Jones Jr. receives the [[Val Barker Trophy]], an award for the most impressive boxer of the Games. The three judges ruling against Jones were eventually suspended. <ref name="Boxeo: Roy Jones Jr., un campeón multifacético">{{cite web | title = {{es}} Boxeo: Roy Jones Jr., un campeón multifacético | url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/archivo/Nota.asp?nota_id=324957 |work=Lanacion.com | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[Lawrence Lemieux]], a Canadian sailor in the [[Finn (dinghy)|Finn class]] was in second place and poised to win a silver medal when he abandoned the race to save an injured competitor. He arrived in 21st place, but was recognized by the IOC with a special award honoring his bravery and sacrifice.<ref name="1988 Seoul">{{cite web | title = 1988 Seoul | url=http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/2004/1988.html |work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC.ca]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * US diver [[Greg Louganis]] wins back-to-back titles on both diving events, but only after hitting the springboard with his head in the 3 m event final. This became a minor controversy years later when Louganis revealed he knew he was [[HIV]]-positive at the time, and did not tell anybody. Since it is now known that HIV cannot survive in open water, no other divers were ever in danger.<ref name="United States Olympic Committee - Louganis, Greg">{{cite web | title = United States Olympic Committee - Louganis, Greg | url=http://www.usoc.org/26_38190.htm |work=[[United States Olympic Committee|usoc.com]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[Christa Luding|Christa Luding-Rothenburger]] of [[East Germany]] becomes the first (and last) athlete to win Olympic medals at the [[Winter Olympic Games|Winter Olympics]] and Summer Olympics in the same year. She adds a cycling silver to the [[speed skating]] gold she won earlier in the [[1988 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics of that year]] in [[Calgary]].<ref name="Christa Luding-Rothenburger Encyclopædia Britannica article">{{cite web | title = Christa Luding-Rothenburger Encyclopædia Britannica article | url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9002734/Christa-Luding-Rothenburger |work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica Online Encyclopedia]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[Anthony Nesty]] of [[Suriname]] wins his country's first Olympic medal by winning the 100 m [[Butterfly stroke|butterfly]], scoring an upset victory over Matt Biondi by .01 of a second (thwarting Biondis attempt <ref name="Odds against Phelps eclipsing Spitz - Biondi">{{cite web | title = Odds against Phelps eclipsing Spitz | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/reutersComService_2_MOLT/idUSL2876024120080529 | accessdate = 2008-05-29 }}</ref> of breaking [[Mark Spitz]]' record seven '''golds''' in one Olympic event); he is also the first and up to date, only [[Black people|black person]] to win swimming gold.<ref name="El deporte en el Sur">{{cite web | title = {{es}} El deporte en el Sur | url=http://www.liceus.com/cgi-bin/ac/pu/Alejandro_Guevara_Deporte.asp |work=Alejandro Guevara Onofre, Liceus.com | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[Swimming|Swimmer]] [[Kristin Otto]] of East Germany wins six gold medals<ref name="Biography for Kristin Otto">{{cite web | title = Biography for Kristin Otto | url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1763167/bio |work=[[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref>. Other multi-medalists in the pool are [[Matt Biondi]] (five)<ref name="United States Olympic Committee - Biondi, Matt">{{cite web | title = United States Olympic Committee - Biondi, Matt | url = http://www.usoc.org/26_37838.htm |work=[[United States Olympic Committee|usoc.com]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> and [[Janet Evans]] (three).<ref name="United States Olympic Committee - Evans, Janet">{{cite web | title = United States Olympic Committee - Evans, Janet | url = http://www.usoc.org/26_37840.htm |work=[[United States Olympic Committee|usoc.com]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Fencing|fencer]] [[Kerstin Palm]] becomes the first woman to take part in seven Olympics.<ref name="SEOUL 1988 Games of the XXIV Olympiad"/> * In swimming [[Melvin Stewart|Mel Stewart]] of the USA is favorite to win the men's 200 m butterfly final{{Fact|date=October 2007}} but comes in 5th.<ref name="Nuoto - risultati 200m. farfalla uomini">{{cite web | title = {{it}} Nuoto - risultati 200m. farfalla uomini | url=http://www.pechino2008.coni.it/index.php?id=469 |work=www.coni.it | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[Mark Todd (equestrian)|Mark Todd]] of [[New Zealand]] wins his second consecutive individual gold medal in the three-day event in equestrian on [[Charisma (horse)|Charisma]], only the second time in eventing history that a gold medal has been won consecutively.<ref name="History of Awards : 1980-1989">{{cite web | title = History of Awards : 1980-1989 | url=http://www.powerupdates.com/clients/halberg/pages/a_article.asp?pid=0&cid=-630935410&aid=789227824 |work=Halberg Trust website | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[Baseball]]<ref name="Demonstration Sports at the Olympic Games">{{cite web | title = Demonstration Sports at the Olympic Games | url=http://www.topendsports.com/events/discontinued/demo.htm | work=topendsports.com | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> and [[Taekwondo]]<ref name="About WTF - History">{{cite web | title = About WTF - History | url=http://www.wtf.org/site/about_wtf/history.htm | work=[[World Taekwondo Federation|www.wtf.org]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> are demonstration sports. * This is the last time the US are represented by a [[basketball]] team that doesn't feature [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] stars<ref name="The Original Dream Team">{{cite web | title = The Original Dream Team | url=http://www.nba.com/history/dreamT_moments.html |work=[[National Basketball Association|NBA.com]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref>; the team wins the bronze medal after being defeated by the Soviet Union.<ref name="THE SEOUL OLYMPICS: Men's Basketball; After 16-Year Wait, Soviets Stun U.S. Again, 82-76">{{cite web | title = The Seoul Olympics: Men's Basketball; After 16-Year Wait, Soviets Stun U.S. Again, 82-76 | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE3DE1739F93BA1575AC0A96E948260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fO%2fOlympic%20Games |work=[[The New York Times|www.nytimes.com]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * For the first time in history all the [[dressage]] events are won by women.<ref name="Canada at the 1988 Summer Olympics">{{cite web | title = Canada at the 1988 Summer Olympics | url=http://www.sportsofworld.com/olympics/country-performance/canada/1988-seoul.html |work=www.sportsofworld.com | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * Women's [[judo]] was held for the first time, as a demonstration sport.<ref name="Obukan Judo History">{{cite web | title = Obukan Judo History | url=http://www.obukan.org/History.htm | work=www.obukan.org | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[Table tennis]] is introduced at the Olympics, with [[People's Republic of China|China]] and South Korea both winning two titles.<ref name="Olympic Table Tennis Champions">{{cite web | title = Olympic Table Tennis Champions | url=http://www.usatt.org/organization/champions/olympic_champions.shtml |work=www.usatt.org | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * [[Tennis]] returns to the Olympics after a 64-year absence<ref name="THE SEOUL OLYMPICS: Tennis; Tennis Returns to Good Reviews">{{cite web | title = The Seoul Olympics: Tennis; Tennis Returns to Good Reviews | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEEDA1638F931A35753C1A96E948260 |work=[[The New York Times|www.nytimes.com]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref>, and [[Steffi Graf]] adds to her four [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] victories in the year by also winning the Olympic title<ref name="Steffi graf, la mejor">{{cite web | title = {{es}} Steffi graf, la mejor | url=http://www.eltenis.net/tenis-femenino/steffi-graf-la-mejor.php |work=elTenis.net | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref>, beating [[Gabriela Sabatini]] in the final.<ref name="Gabriela Sabatini - Fotos, Vídeos, Biografía, Wallpapers y Ficha Técnica">{{cite web | title = {{es}} Gabriela Sabatini - Fotos, Vídeos, Biografía, Wallpapers y Ficha Técnica | url=http://www.idolosdeportivos.com/tenis/gabriela-sabatini.php |work=www.idolosdeportivos.com | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> * Two [[Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] [[Weightlifting|weightlifters]] are stripped of their gold medals after failing doping tests, and the team withdraws after this event.<ref name="THE SEOUL OLYMPICS: Weight Lifting; Team Lifted After 2d Drug Test Is Failed">{{cite web | title = The Seoul Olympics: Weight Lifting; Team Lifted After 2d Drug Test Is Failed | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE5D81739F937A1575AC0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print |work=[[The New York Times|www.nytimes.com]] | accessdate = 2007-10-06 }}</ref> == Significance of the 1988 Olympics in South Korea == Hosting the 1988 Olympics presented an opportunity to bring international attention to South Korea. The idea for South Korea to place a bid for 1988 Games emerged during the last days of the [[Park Chung Hee]] administration in the late 1970s. After President Park’s assassination in 1979, [[Chun Doo Hwan]], his successor, submitted Korea’s bid to the IOC in September 1981, in hopes that the increased international exposure brought by the Olympics would legitimize his authoritarian regime amidst increasing political pressure for democratization, provide protection from increasing threats from [[North Korea]], and showcase the Korean economic miracle to the world community. South Korea was awarded the bid on September 30, 1981, becoming the 16th nation, the second Asian nation (following Japan in 1964) and the second newly industrialized economy (after Mexico in 1968) to host the Summer Olympics. In an attempt to follow the model of 1964 Tokyo Olympics as a rite of passage for the Japanese economy and re-integration of Japan in the family of nations in the post-war era, the Korean government hoped to use the Olympics as a “coming-out party” for the newly industrialized Korean economy. The Korean government hoped the Olympics would symbolize a new legitimacy of Korea in world affairs. However, this attempt to provide legitimacy to the Korean government, especially the Chun administration, backfired. The anticipation of the Olympic Games intensified world scrutiny of Korea during a time of political crisis. As political demonstrations emerged in June 1987, the possibility of jeopardizing hosting the Olympic Games contributed to the June 29 declaration which issued President Chun out of power and led to direct elections in December 1987.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} The desire not to taint the Olympic Games with military dictatorship and riots served as an impetus for Korea’s transition to democracy. [[Roh Tae Woo]] served as the transitional president, directly elected by South Koreans in December 1987, during the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. The 1988 Olympic Games provided a catalyst for controlled political change to maintain stability in South Korea. == Venues == [[Image:Toward_Seoul_Olympic_Stadium.jpg|right|thumb|250px|View toward Seoul Olympic Stadium]] *Seoul Sports Park venues **[[Olympic Stadium (Seoul)|Seoul Olympic Stadium]]² - opening/closing ceremonies, athletics, equestrian events, football/soccer finals **[[Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool]]² - swimming, diving **[[Jamsil Gymnasium]]² - basketball **[[Jamsil Students' Gymnasium]]² - boxing **[[Jamsil Baseball Stadium]]² - baseball *[[Olympic Park, Seoul|Olympic Park]] venues **[[Olympic Cyclodrome|Olympic Velodrome]]¹ - cycling **[[Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium]]¹ - weightlifting **[[Olympic Fencing Gymnasium]]¹ - fencing **[[Olympic Gymnastics Arena|Olympic Gymnastics Hall]]¹ - gymnastics **[[Olympic Tennis Courts]]¹ - tennis **[[Mongchon Tosong]]¹ - modern pentathlon *Other venues in metropolitan Seoul **Seoul Equestrian Park - equestrian events **Han River Regatta Course¹ - rowing, canoeing **Saemaul Sports Hall¹ - volleyball preliminaries **[[Hanyang University Gymnasium]]¹ - volleyball **[[Changchung Gymnasium]]² - judo, taekwondo **[[Seoul National University Gymnasium]] - table tennis, badminton **Royal Bowling Center² - bowling **[[Dongdaemun Stadium]]² - football/soccer preliminaries **Hwarang Archery Field², Nowon-gu - archery **Taenung International Shooting Range², Taenung - shooting *Venues outside metropolitan Seoul **[[Sangmu Gymnasium]]¹, [[Seongnam]] - wrestling **Daejeon Stadium², [[Daejeon]] - football/soccer preliminaries **Daegu Stadium², [[Daegu]] - football/soccer preliminaries **Busan Stadium², [[Busan]] - football/soccer preliminaries **Gwangju Stadium², [[Gwangju]] - football/soccer preliminaries **[[Suwon Gymnasium]]¹, [[Suwon]] - handball **Seongnam Stadium², [[Seongnam]] - hockey **Busan Yachting Center¹, [[Busan]] - yachting ¹ New facilities constructed in preparation for the Olympic Games. ² Existing facilities modified or refurbished in preparation for the Olympic Games. == Medals awarded == See the medal winners, ordered by sport:<ref name="SEOUL 1988 Games of the XXIV Olympiad"/> {| | * [[Archery at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Archery]] * [[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Athletics]] * [[Basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Basketball]] * [[Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Boxing]] * [[Canoeing at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Canoeing]] * [[Cycling at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Cycling]] * [[Diving at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Diving]] * [[Equestrian at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Equestrian]] * [[Fencing at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Fencing]] |width=20| |valign=top| * [[Football at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Football]] * [[Gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Gymnastics]] * [[Handball at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Handball]] * [[Hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Hockey]] * [[Judo at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Judo]] * [[Modern pentathlon at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Modern pentathlon]] * [[Rowing at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Rowing]] * [[Sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Sailing]] * [[Shooting at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Shooting]] |width=20| |valign=top| * [[Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Swimming]] * [[Synchronized swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Synchronized swimming]] * [[Table tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Table tennis]] * [[Tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Tennis]] * [[Volleyball at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Volleyball]] * [[Water polo at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Water polo]] * [[Weightlifting at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]] * [[Wrestling at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] |} ===Demonstration sports=== These were the demonstration sports in the games:<ref name="SEOUL 1988 Games of the XXIV Olympiad"/> * [[Badminton at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Badminton]] * [[Baseball at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Baseball]] * [[Bowling at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Bowling]] * [[Judo at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Judo]] (women) * [[Taekwondo at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Taekwondo]] * [[Wheelchair Racing at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Wheelchair racing]] ==Participating nations== [[Image:1988 Olympic games countries.PNG|thumb|Participants (blue nations had their first entrance)]] Athletes from 159 nations competed at the Seoul Games. [[Aruba]], [[American Samoa]], [[Cook Islands]], [[Guam]], [[Maldives]], [[Vanuatu]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], and [[People's Democratic Republic of Yemen|South Yemen]] made their first Olympic appearance at these Games. In the following list, the number in parentheses indicates the number of athletes from each nation that competed in Seoul <ref name="Olympic Games Participating Countries - 1988 Seoul">{{cite web | title = Olympic Games Participating Countries - 1988 Seoul | url=http://olympic-museum.de/part_count/1988.htm |work=www.olympic-museum.de | accessdate = 2007-10-07 }}</ref>: {| |valign=top| * {{flagIOC|AFG|1988 Summer|5}} * {{flagIOC|ALG|1988 Summer|46}} * {{flagIOC|ASA|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|AND|1988 Summer|3}} * {{flagIOC|ANG|1988 Summer|29}} * {{flagIOC|ANT|1988 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|ARG|1988 Summer|125}} * {{flagIOC|ARU|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|AUS|1988 Summer|295}} * {{flagIOC|AUT|1988 Summer|88}} * {{flagIOC|BAH|1988 Summer|17}} * {{flagIOC|BRN|1988 Summer|11}} * {{flagIOC|BAN|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|BAR|1988 Summer|17}} * {{flagIOC|BEL|1988 Summer|65}} * {{flagIOC|BIZ|1988 Summer|10}} * {{flagIOC|BEN|1988 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|BER|1988 Summer|13}} * {{flagIOC|BHU|1988 Summer|3}} * {{flagIOC|BOL|1988 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|BOT|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|BRA|1988 Summer|171}} * {{flagIOC|IVB|1988 Summer|3}} * {{flagIOC|BUL|1988 Summer|186}} * {{flagIOC|BUR|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|BIR|1988 Summer|2}} * {{flagIOC|CMR|1988 Summer|15}} * {{flagIOC|CAN|1988 Summer|379}} * {{flagIOC|CAY|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|CAF|1988 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|CHA|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|CHI|1988 Summer|18}} * {{flagIOC|CHN|1988 Summer|293}} * {{flagIOC|TPE|1988 Summer|90}} * {{flagIOC|COL|1988 Summer|43}} * {{flagIOC|CGO|1988 Summer|9}} * {{flagIOC|COK|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|CRC|1988 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|CIV|1988 Summer|32}} |valign=top| * {{flagIOC|CYP|1988 Summer|9}} * {{flagIOC|TCH|1988 Summer|171}} * {{flagIOC|DEN|1988 Summer|92}} * {{flagIOC|DJI|1988 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|DOM|1988 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|ECU|1988 Summer|26}} * {{flagIOC|EGY|1988 Summer|54}} * {{flagIOC|ESA|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|GEQ|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|FIJ|1988 Summer|24}} * {{flagIOC|FIN|1988 Summer|79}} * {{flagIOC|FRA|1988 Summer|309}} * {{flagIOC|GAB|1988 Summer|3}} * {{flagIOC|GAM|1988 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|GDR|1988 Summer|291}} * {{flagIOC|FRG|1988 Summer|404}} * {{flagIOC|GHA|1988 Summer|18}} * {{flagIOC|GBR|1988 Summer|369}} * {{flagIOC|GRE|1988 Summer|58}} * {{flagIOC|GRN|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|GUM|1988 Summer|20}} * {{flagIOC|GUA|1988 Summer|30}} * {{flagIOC|GUI|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|GUY|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|HAI|1988 Summer|4}} * {{flagIOC|HON|1988 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|HKG|1988 Summer|49}} * {{flagIOC|HUN|1988 Summer|203}} * {{flagIOC|ISL|1988 Summer|32}} * {{flagIOC|IND|1988 Summer|46}} * {{flagIOC|INA|1988 Summer|31}} * {{flagIOC|IRI|1988 Summer|27}} * {{flagIOC|IRQ|1988 Summer|31}} * {{flagIOC|IRL|1988 Summer|65}} * {{flagIOC|ISR|1988 Summer|19}} * {{flagIOC|ITA|1988 Summer|286}} * {{flagIOC|JAM|1988 Summer|35}} * {{flagIOC|JPN|1988 Summer|289}} * {{flagIOC|JOR|1988 Summer|9}} * {{flagIOC|KEN|1988 Summer|76}} |valign=top| * {{flagIOC|KOR|1988 Summer|467}} * {{flagIOC|KUW|1988 Summer|31}} * {{flagIOC|LAO|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|LIB|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|LES|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|LBR|1988 Summer|21}} * {{flagIOC|LBA|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|LIE|1988 Summer|12}} * {{flagIOC|LUX|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|MAW|1988 Summer|17}} * {{flagIOC|MAS|1988 Summer|13}} * {{flagIOC|MDV|1988 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|MLI|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|MLT|1988 Summer|9}} * {{flagIOC|MTN|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|MRI|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|MEX|1988 Summer|91}} * {{flagIOC|MON|1988 Summer|9}} * {{flagIOC|MGL|1988 Summer|28}} * {{flagIOC|MAR|1988 Summer|27}} * {{flagIOC|MOZ|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|NEP|1988 Summer|18}} * {{flagIOC|NED|1988 Summer|192}} * {{flagIOC|AHO|1988 Summer|3}} * {{flagIOC|NZL|1988 Summer|93}} * {{flagIOC|NIG|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|NGR|1988 Summer|76}} * {{flagIOC|NOR|1988 Summer|79}} * {{flagIOC|OMA|1988 Summer|13}} * {{flagIOC|PAK|1988 Summer|31}} * {{flagIOC|PAN|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|PNG|1988 Summer|12}} * {{flagIOC|PAR|1988 Summer|1}} * {{flagIOC|PER|1988 Summer|22}} * {{flagIOC|PHI|1988 Summer|33}} * {{flagIOC|POL|1988 Summer|152}} * {{flagIOC|POR|1988 Summer|68}} * {{flagIOC|PUR|1988 Summer|70}} * {{flagIOC|QAT|1988 Summer|12}} * {{flagIOC|ROU|1988 Summer|64}} |valign=top| * {{flagIOC|RWA|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|VIN|1988 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|SAM|1988 Summer|11}} * {{flagIOC|SMR|1988 Summer|11}} * {{flagIOC|KSA|1988 Summer|14}} * {{flagIOC|SEN|1988 Summer|22}} * {{flagIOC|SLE|1988 Summer|15}} * {{flagIOC|SIN|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|SOL|1988 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|SOM|1988 Summer|7}} * {{flagIOC|URS|1988 Summer|514}} * {{flagIOC|ESP|1988 Summer|269}} * {{flagIOC|SRI|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|SUD|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|SUR|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|SWZ|1988 Summer|11}} * {{flagIOC|SWE|1988 Summer|205}} * {{flagIOC|SUI|1988 Summer|109}} * {{flagIOC|SYR|1988 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|TAN|1988 Summer|10}} * {{flagIOC|THA|1988 Summer|16}} * {{flagIOC|TOG|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|TGA|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|TRI|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|TUN|1988 Summer|41}} * {{flagIOC|TUR|1988 Summer|50}} * {{flagIOC|UGA|1988 Summer|25}} * {{flagIOC|UAE|1988 Summer|12}} * {{flagIOC|USA|1988 Summer|615}} * {{flagIOC|URU|1988 Summer|14}} * {{flagIOC|VAN|1988 Summer|6}} * {{flagIOC|VEN|1988 Summer|18}} * {{flagIOC|VIE|1988 Summer|10}} * {{flagIOC|ISV|1988 Summer|26}} * {{flagIOC|YAR|1988 Summer|11}} * {{flagIOC|YMD|1988 Summer|8}} * {{flagIOC|YUG|1988 Summer|157}} * {{flagIOC|ZAI|1988 Summer|18}} * {{flagIOC|ZAM|1988 Summer|31}} * {{flagIOC|ZIM|1988 Summer|31}} |} * {{flagIOC|BRU|1988 Summer}} also participated in the Opening Ceremonies, marking their first appearance at the Olympic Games, but their delegation only consisted of one swimming official. == Medal count == {{Main|1988 Summer Olympics medal count}} These are the top ten nations that won medals at these Games:<ref name="Seoul 1988 Medal Table">{{cite web | title = Seoul 1988 Medal Table | url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/table_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1988 |work=www.olympic.org | accessdate = 2007-10-07 }}</ref> {| {{RankedMedalTable}} |- | 1 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|URS|1988 Summer}} || 55 || 31 || 46 || 132 |- | 2 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|GDR|1988 Summer}} || 37 || 35 || 30 || 102 |- | 3 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|USA|1988 Summer}} || 36 || 31 || 27 || 94 |- bgcolor=ccccff | 4 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|KOR|1988 Summer}} || 12 || 10 || 11 || 33 |- | 5 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|FRG|1988 Summer}} || 11 || 14 || 15 || 40 |- | 6 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|HUN|1988 Summer}} || 11 || 6 || 6 || 23 |- | 7 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|BUL|1988 Summer}} || 10 || 12 || 13 || 35 |- | 8 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|ROU|1988 Summer}} || 7 || 11 || 6 || 24 |- | 9 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|FRA|1988 Summer}} || 6 || 4 || 6 || 16 |- | 10 ||align=left| {{flagIOC|ITA|1988 Summer}} || 6 || 4 || 4 || 14 |} ==Mascot== [[Image:Hodori-the-Korean-Olympic-Games-1988-mascot.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Hodori]] the Friendly Tiger <br>mascot for the 1988 Seoul Olympics]] The official mascot for the 1988 Summer Olympic Games was [[Hodori]]. It was a stylized [[tiger]] designed by Kim Hyun as an amicable [[Siberian Tiger|Amur Tiger]], portraying the friendly and hospitable traditions of the [[Korean people]].<ref name="Hodori - mascot of the 1988 Olympic Summer Games">{{cite web | title = Hodori - mascot of the 1988 Olympic Summer Games | url=http://en.beijing2008.com/07/74/article211987407.shtml |work=www.beijing2008.com | accessdate = 2007-10-08 }}</ref> Hodori's female version was called Hosuni.<ref name="Seoul 1988 - Hodori and Hosuni">{{cite web | title = Seoul 1988 - Hodori and Hosuni | url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/2008/2006-08/25/content_674011.htm |work=[[China Daily|www.chinadaily.com.cn]] | accessdate = 2007-10-08 }}</ref> The name Hodori was chosen from 2,295 suggestions sent in by the public. It's a [[portmanteau]] of ''ho'', which is a derived word from the [[Korean language|Korean]] word for "tiger" (''horangi''), and ''dori'', which is a diminutive for "boys" in Korean.<ref name="Hodori - mascot of the 1988 Olympic Summer Games"/> This was the last Olympic Games in which live doves were released during the Opening Ceremonies as a symbol of peace. <ref name=doves>[http://209.85.141.104/search?q=cache:FotVLwdMzaAJ:sport.iafrica.com/olympics/news/340827.htm+Seoul+Olympic+doves+burned&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=16&gl=us&client=firefox-a Great Olympic torch blunders], in IAfrica Thu, 12 Aug 2004. Retrieved 2008-06-25.</ref> <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20040829084509/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/aug132004/oly5.asp When messengers of peace were burned alive], Deccan ''Herald'', August 12, 2004. Retrieved 2008-06-25.</ref> ==See also== *[[1988 Summer Paralympics]] *[[International Olympic Committee]] *[[IOC country codes]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commonscat}} * {{cite web | url = http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1988 | publisher = IOC | title = 1988 Summer Olympics }} * {{cite web | url = http://www.aafla.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1988/ore252/ORE252h.pdf | title = Olympic Review 1988 - Official results | format = PDF }} * [http://www.aafla.com/6oic/OfficialReports/1988/1988v1.pdf Official Report Vol. 1] * [http://www.aafla.com/6oic/OfficialReports/1988/1988v2.pdf Official Report Vol. 2] * [http://www.marcolympics.org/jeux/1988/summer/index.html The program of the 1988 Seoul Olympics] * {{cite web | url = http://222.237.76.134/sports_e/ | publisher = Seoul Olympic Sports Promotion Foundation | title = 1988 Seoul Olympic Archive }} {{Olympic Games}} <!-- Please DO NOT add more categories to this article - add them to the category page itself --> [[Category:1988 Summer Olympics]] <!-- The below are interlanguage links. --> [[ar:ألعاب أولمبية صيفية 1988]] [[bn:১৯৮৮ গ্রীষ্মকালীন অলিম্পিক্‌স]] [[bs:XXIV Olimpijske igre - Seul 1988.]] [[bg:Летни олимпийски игри 1988]] [[cs:Letní olympijské hry 1988]] [[da:Sommer-OL 1988]] [[de:Olympische Sommerspiele 1988]] [[et:1988. aasta suveolümpiamängud]] [[es:Juegos Olímpicos de Seúl 1988]] [[eo:Somera Olimpiko 1988]] [[fa:بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۹۸۸]] [[fr:Jeux Olympiques d'été de 1988]] [[gl:Xogos Olímpicos de 1988]] [[ko:1988년 하계 올림픽]] [[hr:XXIV. Olimpijske igre - Seul 1988.]] [[id:Olimpiade Seoul 1988]] [[it:Giochi della XXIV Olimpiade]] [[he:אולימפיאדת סיאול (1988)]] [[la:1988 Olympia Aestiva]] [[hu:1988. évi nyári olimpiai játékok]] [[nah:Seōl 1988]] [[nl:Olympische Zomerspelen 1988]] [[ja:ソウルオリンピック]] [[no:Sommer-OL 1988]] [[nn:Sommar-OL 1988]] [[pl:Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1988]] [[pt:Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1988]] [[ro:Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1988]] [[ru:Летние Олимпийские игры 1988]] [[simple:1988 Summer Olympics]] [[sl:Poletne olimpijske igre 1988]] [[sr:Летње олимпијске игре 1988.]] [[sh:Olimpijada 1988]] [[fi:Kesäolympialaiset 1988]] [[sv:Olympiska sommarspelen 1988]] [[th:โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1988]] [[tr:1988 Yaz Olimpiyatları]] [[zh:1988年夏季奥林匹克运动会]]