1990
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2008-07-16T05:39:52Z
Jons63
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/58.110.241.72|58.110.241.72]] ([[User talk:58.110.241.72|talk]]) to last version by Mkeranat
{{otheruses4|the year}}
{{Year nav|1990}}
{{C20YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1990''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXC]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link displays the 1990 [[Gregorian calendar]]).
From January 27, it was the [[Horse (zodiac)|year of the Horse]] in the [[Chinese Zodiac]].
It is often considered the final year of the [[Cold War]] era
{{C20YearTOCawards|1990|Ship events|World population}}
== Events of 1990 ==
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===January===
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* [[January 3]] – [[Manuel Noriega]], the former leader of [[Panama]], surrenders to [[United States|American]] forces.
* [[January 4]] – 307 people are killed in a train accident in [[Ghotki]], [[Pakistan]].
* [[January 7]] – The [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]] is closed to the public due to safety concerns.
[[Image:Leaning Tower of Pisa.jpg|thumb|110px|[[January 7|Jan. 7]] – The [[Leaning Tower of Pisa|Pisa tower]] closed.]]
* [[January 9]] – [[Uganda]]n Lt. Gen. [[Bazilio Olara-Okello]], who led a coup against Dr. Apolo [[Milton Obote]]'s government, dies in Ormduruman Hospital in [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]].
* [[January 10]] – [[Time Warner]] is formed from the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications Inc.
* [[January 11]] – In [[Lithuania]], 300,000 demonstrate for independence.
* [[January 13]] – [[Douglas Wilder]] becomes the first elected [[African American]] governor as he takes office in [[Richmond, Virginia]].
* [[January 15]] – Thousands storm the [[Stasi]] headquarters in [[Berlin]] in an attempt to view their government records.
* [[January 18]] – [[Washington, D.C.]], Mayor [[Marion Barry]] is arrested for [[recreational drug use|drug]] possession in an [[FBI]] sting.
* [[January 20]] – Soviet troops occupied [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]], under the state of emergency decree issued by [[Gorbachev]] and killed over 130 and wounded over 700 protesters for national independence.<ref>[http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/rights/articles/pp021603.shtml EurasiaNet Human Rights – Notes from Baku: Black January<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.azerigenocide.org ··· Azeri Genocide ···<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* [[January 22]] – [[Robert Tappan Morris, Jr.]] is convicted of releasing the [[Morris worm]].
* [[January 25]] – [[Avianca Flight 52]] crashes into Cove Neck, Long Island, after a miscommunication between the flight crew and [[John F. Kennedy Airport|JFK Airport]] officials.
* [[January 25]]-[[January 26]] – The [[Burns' Day storm]] kills 97 in northwestern Europe.
[[Image:Picture of Louisiana Superdome.jpg|thumb|200px|[[January 28|Jan. 28]] – [[Super Bowl XXIV]].]]
[[Image:Exval.jpeg|thumb|200px|[[January 29|Jan. 29]]: Captain is on trial for the [[Exxon Valdez]] oil spill.]]
* [[January 27]] – The city of [[Tiraspol]] in the [[Moldavian SSR]] briefly declares independence.
* [[January 29]] – The trial of [[Joseph Hazelwood]], former skipper of the [[Exxon Valdez]], begins in [[Anchorage, Alaska]]. He is accused of negligence that resulted in America's worst [[oil spill]] to date.
* [[January 31]] – The first [[McDonald's]] in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] opens.
===February===
* [[February 2]] – [[Apartheid]]: In [[South Africa]], President [[F.W. de Klerk]] allows the [[African National Congress]] to legally function again and promises to free [[Nelson Mandela]].
* [[February 5]] – [[Manuel Fraga]] becomes the president of [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]].
* [[February 7]] – [[Collapse of the Soviet Union]]: The Central Committee of the [[Soviet Communist Party]] agrees to give up its monopoly of power.
* [[February 10]] – [[South Africa]]n [[President of South Africa|President]] [[F.W. de Klerk]] announces that [[Nelson Mandela]] will be released the next day.
* [[February 11]] – [[James "Buster" Douglas]] knocks out [[Mike Tyson]] to win the World Heavyweight Boxing crown.
* [[February 11]] – [[Nelson Mandela]] is released from Victor Verster Prison, near [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]], after 27 years behind bars.
* [[February 13]] – [[German reunification]]: An agreement is reached for a two-stage plan to reunite [[Germany]].
* [[February 15]] – The [[United Kingdom]] and [[Argentina]] restore diplomatic relations after 8 years. The UK had severed ties in response to [[Argentina]]'s invasion of the [[Falkland Islands]], a [[British overseas territories|British Dependent Territory]], in [[1982]].
* [[February 26]] – The [[Sandinista]]s are defeated in the [[Nicaragua]]n elections.
* [[February 26]] – The [[USSR]] agrees to withdraw all 73,500 troops from [[Czechoslovakia]] by [[July]], [[1991]].
* [[February 27]] – [[Exxon Valdez oil spill]]: [[Exxon]] and its shipping company are indicted on 5 criminal counts.
===March===
* [[March 1]] – A fire at the Sheraton Hotel in [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]], kills 16 people.
* [[March 1]] – [[Steve Jackson Games]] is raided by the [[U.S. Secret Service]], prompting the later formation of the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]].
* [[March 1]] – The [[Royal New Zealand Navy]] discontinues its daily [[rum]] ration.
* [[March 6]] – An [[SR-71]] sets a U.S. transcontinental speed record of 1 hour 8 minutes 17 seconds, on what is publicized as its last official flight.
* [[March 9]] – Police seal off [[Brixton]] in South [[London]] after another [[poll tax riots|night of protests]] against the [[poll tax]].
* [[March 9]] – [[Antonia Novello]] is sworn in as [[Surgeon General of the United States]], becoming the first female and [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic American]] to serve in that position.
* [[March 9]] – [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] Premier [[Clyde Wells]] confirms he will rescind Newfoundland's approval of the [[Meech Lake Accord]].
* [[March 10]] – Eighteen months after seizing power in a coup, [[Prosper Avril]] is ousted in [[Haiti]].
* [[March 11]] – [[Lithuania]] declares independence from the [[Soviet Union]] with the [[Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania]].
* [[March 11]] – [[Patricio Aylwin]] is sworn-in as the first democratically-elected [[Chile]]an president since [[1970]].
* [[March 15]] – [[Iraq]] hangs [[United Kingdom|British]] journalist [[Farzad Bazoft]] for spying. Daphne Parish, a British nurse, is sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment as an accomplice.
* [[March 15]] – [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] is elected as the first executive president of the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[March 15]] – The [[Soviet Union]] announces that [[Lithuania]]'s declaration of independence is invalid.
* [[March 18]] – Twelve paintings, collectively worth from $100 to $300 million, are stolen from the [[Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]] by 2 thieves posing as police officers. This is the largest art theft in [[United States|US]] history, and the paintings ([[as of 2007]]) have not been recovered.
* [[March 18]] – [[East Germany]] holds its first free elections.
* [[March 20]] – [[Ferdinand Marcos]]'s widow, [[Imelda Marcos]], goes on trial for [[bribery]], [[embezzlement]], and [[racketeering]].
* [[March 21]] – After 75 years of [[South Africa]]n rule, [[Namibia]] becomes [[History_of_Namibia#Independence|independent]].
* [[March 24]] – [[Australian federal election, 1990]]: The government of [[Australia]]n prime minister Bob Hawke is re-elected for a 4th term.
* [[March 25]] – In [[New York City]], a fire due to [[arson]] at an illegal [[social club]] called "[[Happy Land fire|Happy Land]]" kills 87.
* [[March 25]] – [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] [[Robert Runcie]] announced his intention to retire at the end of the year.
* [[March 26]] – The [[62nd Academy Awards]], hosted by [[Billy Crystal]], are held at the [[Dorothy Chandler Pavilion]] in [[Los Angeles, California]], with ''[[Driving Miss Daisy]]'' winning [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]].
* [[March 27]] – [[Propaganda]]: The [[United States]] begins broadcasting [[TV Martí]] to [[Cuba]].
* [[March 28]] – U.S. President [[George H. W. Bush]] posthumously awards [[Jesse Owens]] the [[Congressional Gold Medal]].
* [[March 31]] – "[[poll tax riots|The Second Battle of Trafalgar]]": A massive anti-[[poll tax]] demonstration in [[Trafalgar Square]], [[London]], turns into a riot; 471 people are injured, and 341 arrested.
===April===
* [[April 1]] – [[Strangeways Prison riot]]: The longest prison riot in Britain's history begins at [[Strangeways Prison]] in [[Manchester]], and continued for three weeks and three days, until [[April 25]]
* [[April 6]] – [[Robert Mapplethorpe]]'s "The Perfect Moment" show of nude and homosexual photographs opens at the Cincinnati Contemporary Art Center, in spite of accusations of indecency by Citizens for Community Values.
* [[April 7]] – [[Iran Contra Affair]]: [[John Poindexter]] is found guilty of 5 charges for his part in the scandal; the convictions are later reversed on appeal.
* [[April 8]] – ''[[Scandinavian Star]]'', a [[Bahamas]]-registered ferry, catches fire en route from [[Norway]] to [[Denmark]], leaving 158 dead.
* [[April 13]] – The [[Soviet Union]] apologizes for the [[Katyn Massacre]].
* [[April 15]] – Food poisoning kills 450 guests at an [[engagement]] party in [[Uttar Pradesh]].
* [[April 20]] – ''[[STS-31]]'': The [[Hubble Space Telescope]] is launched aboard Space Shuttle ''[[Space Shuttle Discovery|Discovery]]''.
* [[April 24]] – The Space Shuttle ''[[Space Shuttle Discovery|Discovery]]'' places the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] into [[orbit]].
* [[April 24]] – [[West Germany]] and [[East Germany]] agree to merge currency and economies on [[July 1]].
* [[April 25]] – [[Violeta Chamorro]] was elected [[President]] of [[Nicaragua]] making her the first woman President in [[Latin America]].
===May===
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* [[May 2]] – In [[London]], [[England]], a man brandishing a knife robs courier Nicholas Lane of [[bearer bond]]s worth £292 million (the largest [[mugging]] to date).
* [[May 4]] – [[Latvia]] declares independence from the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[May 5]] – The 35th [[Eurovision Song Contest]] takes place in [[Zagreb]], [[Yugoslavia]].
* [[May 15]] – ''[[Portrait of Doctor Gachet]]'' by [[Vincent van Gogh]] is sold for a record [[List of most expensive paintings|$82.5 million]].
* [[May 17]] – The [[World Health Organization]] removes homosexuality from its list of diseases.
* [[May 20]] – The first post-[[communism|Communist]] presidential and parliamentary elections are held in [[Romania]].
* [[May 22]] – The leaders of the [[Yemen Arab Republic]] and the [[People's Democratic Republic of Yemen]] announce the unification of their countries as the [[Republic of Yemen]].
* [[May 22]] – [[Microsoft]] releases [[Windows 3.0]].
* [[May 24]] – The [[Edmonton Oilers]] defeat the [[Boston Bruins]] in the [[1989-90 NHL season|1990 Stanley Cup Finals]] for their fifth Stanley Cup.
===June===
* [[June 1]] – U.S. President [[George H. W. Bush]] and [[Soviet Union]] leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] sign a [[treaty]] to end [[chemical weapon]] production and begin destroying their respective stocks.
* [[June 1]] – Members of the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] shoot and kill Major Michael Dillon-Lee and Private William Robert Davies of the [[British Army]]. Dillon-Lee is killed outside his home in [[Dortmund, Germany]] and Davies is killed at a railway station in [[Lichfield]], [[England]].
* [[June 2]] – The [[Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak of June 1990|Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak]] spawns 88 confirmed tornadoes in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, killing 12. 37 tornadoes occurred in Indiana, eclipsing the previous record of 21 during the [[Super Outbreak]] of [[April]] [[1974]].
* [[June 7]] – [[Universal Studios Florida]] opens to the public.
* [[June 8]] – The [[1990 FIFA World Cup]] begins in Italy.
* [[June 12]] – The parliament of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] formally declares its sovereignty.
* [[June 14]] – The [[Detroit Pistons]] defeat the [[Portland Trail Blazers]] in the [[1990 NBA Finals]].
* [[June 21]] – An [[1990 Iran earthquake|earthquake]] measuring 7.3 on the [[Richter Scale]] kills thousands in the [[Iran]]ian city of [[Manjil]]<ref>{{Citation
| title = Iranian Town, Once a Jewel, Lies Entombed
| newspaper = [[The New York Times]]
| pages = A6
| year = [[1990]]
| date = [[June 25]]}}</ref>
* [[June 22]] – Underwater volcano [[Mount Didicas]] erupts in the [[Philippines]].
* [[June 24]] – Kathleen Young and Irene Templeton are ordained as priests in St Anne's Cathedral, [[Belfast]], becoming the first [[Anglican]] women priests in the [[United Kingdom]].
* [[June 25]] – First Television Program in [[HDTV]] has aired.
* [[June 26]] – U.S. President Bush breaks his [[1988]] 'no new taxes' campaign pledge, accepting tax revenue increases as a necessity to reduce the budget deficit.
===July===
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* [[July 2]] – A stampede in a pedestrian tunnel leading to [[Mecca]] kills 1,426.
* [[July 7]] – In [[Rome]], at the evening of the [[1990 FIFA World Cup]] [[soccer]] the [[Three Tenors]] sing together for the first time. The event is broadcast live on television and watched worldwide by millions of people. Highlight is [[Luciano Pavarotti]]'s performance of "[[Nessun Dorma]]" from [[Giacomo Puccini]]'s opera [[Turandot]].
* [[July 8]] – [[Germany national football team|West Germany]] defeats [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] 1-0 to win the [[1990 FIFA World Cup]].
* [[July 15]] – [[Tamil Tigers]] kill 168 Muslims in [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]].
* [[July 16]] – An earthquake measuring 7.7 on the [[Richter Scale]] kills over 1,600 in the [[Philippines]].
* [[July 25]] – [[George Carey, Baron Carey of Clifton|George Carey]], [[Bishop of Bath and Wells]], is named as the new [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].
* [[July 25]] – The [[Serbian Democratic Party]] declares the [[sovereignty]] of the [[Serb]]s in [[Croatia]].
* [[July 26]] – U.S. President [[George H.W. Bush]] signs the [[Americans with Disabilities Act]], designed to protect disabled Americans from discrimination.
* [[July 27]] – The parliament building and a government television house in [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]] are stormed by the [[Jamaat al Muslimeen]] in a [[coup d'état]] attempt which lasts 5 days. Approximately 26 to 30 people are killed and several wounded (including then [[Prime Minister]], [[A.N.R. Robinson]], who is shot in the leg).
* [[July 27]] – [[Belarus]] declares its sovereignty, a key step toward independence from the [[USSR]].
* [[July 28]] – [[Alberto Fujimori]] becomes president of [[Peru]].
* [[July 30]] – A [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] [[car bomb]] kills British M.P. [[Ian Gow]], a staunch [[Unionism (Ireland)|unionist]].
===August===
* [[August 2]] – [[Gulf War]]: [[Iraq]] invades [[Kuwait]], eventually leading to the [[Gulf War]].
* [[August 6]] – [[Gulf War]]: The [[United Nations Security Council]] orders a global [[trade embargo]] against [[Iraq]] in response to its invasion of [[Kuwait]].
* [[August 19]] – [[Leonard Bernstein]] conducts his final concert, ending with [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s [[Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 7]] performed by the [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]].
* [[August 23]] – [[East Germany]] and [[West Germany]] announce they will unite on [[October 3]].
* [[August 24]] – [[Northern Ireland]] writer [[Brian Keenan (hostage)|Brian Keenan]] is released from [[Lebanon]] after being held hostage for nearly 5 years.
* [[August 28]] – [[Plainfield Tornado]] (F5 on the [[Fujita scale]]) struck the towns of [[Plainfield, Illinois|Plainfield]], [[Crest Hill, Illinois|Crest Hill]], and [[Joliet, Illinois|Joliet]], in [[Illinois]], killing 29 people. Strongest tornado to date to strike the [[Chicagoland|Chicago Metropolitan Area]]
===September===
* [[September 2]] – [[Transnistria]] declares its independence from the [[Republic of Moldova|Moldavian]] [[SSR]]; however, the declaration is not recognized by any government.
* [[September 9]] – [[Liberian Civil War]]: [[Liberia]]n president [[Samuel Doe]] is captured by rebel leader [[Prince Johnson]] and killed in a filmed execution.
* [[September 11]] – [[Gulf War]]: President [[George H. W. Bush]] delivers a nationally televised speech in which he threatens the use of force to remove [[Iraq]]i soldiers from [[Kuwait]].
* [[September 12]] – The two [[Germany|German]] states and the [[Four Powers]] sign the [[Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany]] in [[Moscow]], paving the way for [[German re-unification]].
* [[September 18]] – In [[Tokyo, Japan]], the [[IOC]] chooses [[Atlanta]] to host the 1996 Summer Olympics.
* [[September 19]] – The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] tries to assassinate Air Chief Marshal Sir [[Peter Terry]] at his home near [[Stafford]], [[England]]. Hit by at least 9 bullets, the former [[Governor of Gibraltar]] survives.
* [[September 29]] – [[Washington]] [[National Cathedral]] finished.
===October===
* [[October 3]] – [[East Germany]] and [[West Germany]] [[German reunification|reunify]] into a single [[Germany]].
* [[October 5]] – After 150 years, 10 months and 2 days (Friday, [[January 3]], [[1840]] – Friday, [[October 5]], 1990), ''[[Herald Sun|The Herald]]'' [[broadsheet]] newspaper in [[Melbourne, Australia]] is published for the last time as a separate newspaper.
* [[October 8]] – [[Israeli-Palestinian Conflict]]: In [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]]i police kill 17 [[Palestinian]]s and wound over 100 near the [[Dome of the Rock]] mosque on the [[Temple Mount]]
* [[October 9]] – [[Leonard Bernstein]] announces his retirement from conducting. Unbeknownst to anyone other than himself and his doctors, he is fatally ill.
* [[October 13]] – [[Lebanese Civil War]]: [[Syria]]n military forces invade and occupy [[Mount Lebanon]], ousting General [[Michel Aoun]]'s government. This effectively consolidates Syria's 14 year occupation of Lebanese soil.
* [[October 14]] – [[Leonard Bernstein]] dies of a heart attack at his home in [[New York City]]. He is 72 years old.
* [[October 15]] – [[Soviet Union]] leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] is awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] for his efforts to lessen [[Cold War]] tensions and reform his nation.
* [[October 20]] – The [[Cincinnati Reds]] defeat the [[Oakland Athletics]] to win the [[1990 World Series]].
* [[October 21]] – First [[Apple Day]] set up by [[Common Ground (charity)|Common Ground]] in [[London]]
* [[October 25]] – [[Evander Holyfield]] defeats [[James Buster Douglas|James 'Buster' Douglas]] for the Heavyweight [[Boxing]] crown.
* [[October 27]] – The [[Supreme Soviet]] of [[Kyrgyzstan]] chooses [[Askar Akayev]] as the republic's first [[President of Kyrgyzstan|president]].
* [[October 27]] – The [[New Zealand general election 1990]] returns the [[New Zealand National Party]] with record number of 67 seats.
===November===
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* [[November 1]] – [[Mary Robinson]] defeats odds-on favourite [[Brian Lenihan, Snr|Brian Lenihan]] to become the first female [[President of Ireland]].
* [[November 5]] – Rabbi [[Meir Kahane]], founder of the far-right [[Kach movement]], is shot dead after a speech at a [[New York City]] hotel.
* [[November 12]] – [[Akihito, Emperor of Japan|Akihito]] is enthroned as the 125th emperor of [[Japan]].
* [[November 12]] – [[Tim Berners-Lee]] publishes a more formal proposal for the [[World Wide Web]]. [http://www.w3.org/Proposal]
* [[November 13]] – The first known [[World Wide Web]] page is written.
* [[November 14]] – [[Germany]] and [[Poland]] sign a treaty confirming the border at the [[Oder-Neisse line]].
* [[November 15]] – ''[[STS-38]]'': [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis]]'' is launched on a classified military mission.
* [[November 22]] – [[Margaret Thatcher]] announces she will not contest the second ballot of the [[Conservative Party (UK) leadership election, 1990|leadership election]] for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].
* [[November 25]] – [[Lech Wałęsa]] and [[Stanisław Tymiński]] win the first round of the [[Polish presidential election, 1990|first presidential elections]] in [[Poland]].
* [[November 27]] – [[John Major]] wins the second ballot of the Conservative Party leadership election and his two rivals, [[Michael Heseltine]] and [[Douglas Hurd]], concede defeat.
* [[November 28]] – Margaret Thatcher resigns as Prime Minister of the UK; [[John Major]] succeeds her as Party Leader and is appointed [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] by [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]].
* [[November 29]] – [[Gulf War]]: The [[United Nations Security Council]] passes [[UN Security Council Resolution 678]], authorizing military intervention in [[Iraq]] if that nation does not withdraw its forces from [[Kuwait]] and free all foreign hostages by Tuesday, [[January 15]], [[1991]].
===December===
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* [[December 1]] – Establishing the first ground connection between the [[United Kingdom]] and the mainland of [[Europe]] since the last [[Ice Age]], [[Channel Tunnel]] workers from the [[United Kingdom]] and [[France]] meet 40 metres beneath the [[English Channel]] seabed.
* [[December 2]] – A coalition led by Chancellor [[Helmut Kohl]] wins the first free all-[[Germany|German]] elections since [[1932]].
* [[December 3]] – At [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport]], Northwest Airlines Flight 1482 (a [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]) collides with Northwest Airlines Flight 299 (a [[Boeing 727]]) on the runway, killing 8 passengers and 4 crewmembers on Flight 1482.
* [[December 3]] – [[Mary Robinson]] begins her term as the first female [[President of Ireland]].
* [[December 6]] – [[Saddam Hussein]] releases the Western hostages.
* [[December 6]] – President [[Hossain Mohammad Ershad]] of [[Bangladesh]] is forced to resign following massive protests.
* [[December 9]] – [[Slobodan Milošević]] becomes President of [[Serbia]].
* [[December 9]] – [[Lech Wałęsa]] wins the 2nd round of [[Poland]]'s [[Polish presidential election, 1990|first presidential election]].
* [[December 11]] – [[John Gotti]] is arrested.
* [[December 16]] – [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]] is elected president of [[Haiti]], ending 3 decades of military rule.
* [[December 31]] – [[Russia]]n [[Garry Kasparov]] holds his title by winning the [[World Chess Championship]] match against his countryman [[Anatoly Karpov]].
===Undated===
* For a brief while in early 1990, [[Romania]] had a civil war in the aftermath of the [[Romanian Revolution of 1989]], the opposition was for [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]] and the [[Communist]] regime, and those for the new [[regime]].
* New Revised Standard Version of the [[Bible]] is published in the United States.
* Metropolitan Aleksy of [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] elected Russian Orthodox Patriarch of [[Moscow]] and all [[Russia]].
* Channel 7 + 10 networks go into receivership (Australia).
* Homosexual acts between consenting adults are decriminalized in [[Queensland]].
===Fictional===
The following are references to year 1990 in fiction:
* When the [[Stephen King]] novel [[The Stand]] was re-issued as a "Complete and Uncut Edition", the setting of the story was changed from 1980 to 1990.
===World population===
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="7"|[[World population]]
|-
!
!1990
!colspan="2"|[[1985]]
!colspan="2"|[[1995]]
|-
![[Image:Globe.svg|50px]] [[World]]
|align="right"|'''5,263,593,000'''
|align="right"|4,830,979,000
|align="right"|{{#switch: u
|u=[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 432,614,000
|d=[[Image:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]] 432,614,000
|#default=[[Image:Straight Line Steady.svg|10px]]
}}
|align="right"|5,674,380,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 410,787,000
|-
![[Image:Africa satellite orthographic.jpg|50px]] [[Africa]]
|align="right"|'''622,443,000'''
|align="right"|541,814,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 80,629,000
|align="right"|707,462,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 85,019,000
|-
![[Image:Two-point-equidistant-asia.jpg|50px]] [[Asia]]
|align="right"|'''3,167,807,000'''
|align="right"|2,887,552,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 280,255,000
|align="right"|3,430,052,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 262,245,000
|-
![[Image:Europe satellite orthographic.jpg|50px]] [[Europe]]
|align="right"|'''721,582,000'''
|align="right"|706,009,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 15,573,000
|align="right"|727,405,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 5,823,000
|-
|
{| style="background: #EEEEEE;"
|style="border: 0px;"|[[Image:Latin America terrain.jpg|50px]]
!style="border: 0px;"|[[Latin-America]]
|}
|align="right"|'''441,525,000'''
|align="right"|401,469,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 40,056,000
|align="right"|481,099,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 39,574,000
|-
|
{| style="background: #EEEEEE;"
|style="border: 0px;"|[[Image:LocationWHNorthernAmerica.png|50px]]
!style="border: 0px;"|[[Northern America|North America]]
|}
|align="right"|'''283,549,000'''
|align="right"|269,456,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 14,093,000
|align="right"|299,438,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 15,889,000
|-
![[Image:Oceania.jpg|50px]] [[Oceania]]
|align="right"|'''26,687,000'''
|align="right"|24,678,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 2,009,000
|align="right"|28,924,000
|align="right"|[[Image:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 2,237,000
|}
{{Year in other calendars|Japanese=[[Heisei]] 2}}
== Births ==
===January-June===
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* [[January 1]] – [[Sadick Adams]], Ghanaian football striker
* [[January 1]] – [[Ali Murtaza]], Indian First Class cricketer
* [[January 4]] – [[Toni Kroos]], German footballer
* [[January 4]] – [[Alberto Paloschi]], Italian footballer
* [[January 6]] – [[Abhinav Mukund]], cricketer
* [[January 6]] – [[Dominique Aegerter]], German motorcycle racer
* [[January 6]] – [[Alex Teixeira Santos]], Brazilian footballer
* [[January 7]] – [[Camryn Grimes]], American actress
* [[January 7]] – [[Liam Aiken]], American actor
* [[January 8]] – [[Maci Wainwright]], American singer-songwriter
* [[January 12]] – [[Sergey Karjakin]], Ukrainian chess player
* [[January 15]] – [[Chris Warren Jr.]], American actor
* [[January 15]] – [[Fernando Forestieri]], Italian footballer
* [[January 26]] – [[Christopher Massey]], American actor
* [[January 30]] – [[Jake Thomas]], American actor
* [[January 30]] – [[Eiza Gonzalez]], Mexican actress/singer
* [[February 1]] – [[Laura Marling]], British singer-songwriter
* [[February 3]] – [[Sean Kingston]], American singer
* [[February 4]] – [[Haruka Tomatsu]], Japanese Seiyū
* [[February 7]] – [[Anna Abreu]], Finnish pop singer
* [[February 7]] – [[Steven Stamkos]], Canadian ice hockey player
* [[February 9]] – [[Facundo Affranchino]], Argentine footballer
* [[February 10]] – [[Craig Sorger]], American murder victim (d. [[2003]])
* [[February 11]] – [[Q'Orianka Kilcher]], German-born actress
* [[February 13]] – [[Erdini Qoigyijabu]], Tibetan religious figure
* [[February 13]] – [[Olivia Allison]], British synchronized swimmer
* [[February 14]] – [[Emily Mae Young]], American child actress
* [[February 28]] – [[Anna Muzychuk]], Ukrainian chess player
* [[March 1]] – [[James Lomas]], British stage actor
* [[March 2]] – [[Adderly Fong]], Hong Kong Chinese race car driver
* [[March 4]] – [[Andrea Bowen]], American actress
* [[March 8]] – [[Abigail and Brittany Hensel]], American conjoined twins
* [[March 14]] – [[Joe Allen]], Welsh footballer
* [[March 16]] – [[James Bulger]], British kidnapping and murder victim (d. [[1993]])
* [[March 23]] – [[Princess Eugenie of York]]
* [[March 24]] – [[Keisha Castle-Hughes]], Australian-born New Zealand actress
* [[March 24]] – [[Aljur Abrenica]], Filipino actor
* [[April 9]] – [[Kristen Stewart]], American actress
* [[April 12]] – [[Frank Gotti Agnello]], grandson of convicted mobster John Gotti
* [[April 15]] – [[Emma Watson]], English actress
* [[April 16]] – [[Lorraine Nicholson]], American actress
* [[April 17]] – [[Astrit Ajdarevic]], Swedish professional football player
* [[April 23]] – [[Matthew Underwood]], American actor
* [[April 27]] – [[Vahid Amraei]], Iranian football player
* [[May 1]] – [[Caitlin Stasey]], Australian actress
* [[May 5]] – [[Saad Al Sheebi]], Qatari footballer
* [[May 2]] – [[Kay Panabaker]], American actress
* [[May 12]] – [[Florent Amodio]], French figure skater
* [[May 15]] – [[Gerald Santos]], Filipino actor and singer
* [[May 24]] – [[Joey Logano]] , American race car driver
* [[May 30]] – [[Matías Nocedal]], Argentine basketball player
* [[May 30]] – [[Dean Collins (actor)|Dean Collins]], American actor
* [[June 2]] – [[Kristiina Brask]], Finnish pop singer
* [[June 6]] – [[Ashleigh Chisholm]], Australian actress
* [[June 10]] – [[Niamh Perry]], Irish actress and singer
* [[June 17]] – [[Marcell Miklos Ács]], Hungarian/Australian amateur Muay Thai fighter
* [[June 21]] – [[Bridget Hall (actor)|Bridget Hall]], Canadian actress
* [[June 21]] – [[Håvard Nordtveit]], Norwegian football player
* [[June 21]] – [[Ričardas Berankis]], Lithuanian tennis player
* [[June 28]] - [[Jasmine Richards]], Canadian Actress
===July-December===
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* [[July 1]] – [[Angelo Balanta]], Colombian footballer
* [[July 24]] – [[Daveigh Chase]], American actress
* [[July 27]] – [[Nick Hogan]], American television personality
* [[July 27]] – [[Indiana Evans]], Australian actress
* [[July 28]] – [[Soulja Boy]], American Rapper
* [[July 30]] – [[Patrick Elyas]], American actor
* [[August 6]] – [[JonBenét Ramsey]], American beauty queen and murder victim (d. [[1996]])
* [[August 9]] – [[Adelaide Kane]], Australian actress
* [[August 10]] – [[Tai Woffinden]], English speedway rider
* [[August 12]] – [[Mario Balotelli]], Italian footballer
* [[August 20]] – [[Ranomi Kromowidjojo]], Dutch swimmer
* [[August 28]] – [[Bojan Krkić]], Spanish footballer
* [[August 31]] – [[Oliver Adams]], American actor
* [[September 3]] – [[Abbas Ali (footballer)]], Pakistani footballer
* [[September 8]] – [[Matt Barkley]], American football player
* [[September 9]] – [[Melody Klaver]], Dutch actress
* [[September 13]] – [[Jamie Anderson (snowboarder)]], American snowboarder
* [[September 19]] – [[Patrick Breeding]], American singer
* [[September 20]] – [[John Tavares (ice hockey)|John Tavares]], Canadian ice hockey player
* [[September 21]] – [[Christian Serratos]], American actress
* [[September 21]] – [[Allison Scagliotti-Smith]], American actress
* [[September 23]] – [[Agustin Sierra]], Argentine actor
* [[September 23]] – [[Laurent Alvarez]], Swiss figure skater
* [[September 25]] – [[Mao Asada]], Japanese figure skater
* [[October 12]] – [[Henri Lansbury]], English footballer
* [[October 18]] – [[Carly Schroeder]], American actress
* [[October 21]] – [[Ricky Rubio]], Spanish basketball player
* [[October 22]] – [[Jonathan Lipnicki]], American actor
* [[October 23]] – [[Stevie Brock]], American singer
* [[October 23]] – [[Dalmar Abuzeid]], Canadian Actor
* [[October 25]] – [[Austin Peralta]], American jazz musician and composer
* [[November 4]] – [[Jean-Luc Bilodeau]], Canadian actor
* [[November 7]] – [[Matt Corby]], Australian singer
* [[November 7]] – [[Marisa Siketa]], Australian actress
* [[November 14]] – [[Jessica Jacobs]], Australian actress and singer (d. [[2008]])
* [[November 19]] – [[James Chichester, Earl of Belfast]], Irish Peer
* [[November 29]] – [[Diego González]], Mexican singer, actor, and song writer
* [[November 30]] – [[Magnus Carlsen]], Norwegian chess player
* [[December 10]] – [[Giulia Boverio]], Italian actress
* [[December 10]] – [[Vivien Endicott-Douglas]], Canadian actress
* [[December 13]] – [[Corey Anderson]], New Zealand cricketer
* [[December 17]] – [[Folashade Abugan]], Nigerian sprinter
* [[December 20]] – [[JoJo (singer)|JoJo]], American singer/actress
* [[December 21]] – [[Abdullah Nabeel Al Ahmad]], Kuwaiti footballer
* [[December 22]] – [[Jean-Baptiste Maunier]], French actor
* [[December 23]] – [[Anna Maria Perez de Tagle]], American actress
* [[December 28]] – [[David Archuleta]], American singer
== Deaths ==
===January-June===
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* [[January 2]] – [[Alan Hale Jr.]], American actor (b. [[1921]])
* [[January 4]] – [[Doc Edgerton]], American electrical engineer (b. [[1903]])
* [[January 6]] – [[Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov]], Russian physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1904]])
* [[January 9]] – [[Spud Chandler]], American baseball player (b. [[1907]])
* [[January 20]] – [[Barbara Stanwyck]], American actress (b. [[1907]])
* [[January 20]] – [[Hayedeh]], Iranian singer (b. [[1942]])
* [[January 22]] – [[Roman Vishniac]], Russian-American photographer (b. [[1897]])
* [[January 23]] – [[Allen Collins]], American musician (b. [[1952]])
* [[January 25]] – [[Ava Gardner]], American actress (b. [[1922]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Lewis Mumford]], American historian of science (b. [[1895]])
* [[February 2]] – [[Joe Erskine]], British boxer (b. [[1934]])
* [[February 7]] – [[Jimmy Van Heusen]], American composer (b. [[1913]])
* [[February 7]] – [[Alfredo M. Santos]], Filipino general and World War II hero (b. 1905)
* [[February 8]] – [[Del Shannon]], American musician and singer (b. [[1934]])
* [[February 19]] – [[Michael Powell (director)|Michael Powell]], British director (b. [[1905]])
* [[February 16]] – [[Keith Haring]], American pop artist (b. [[1954]])
* [[February 24]] – [[Malcolm Forbes]], American publisher (b. [[1919]])
* [[February 27]] – [[Nahum Norbert Glatzer]], American scholar (b. [[1903]])
* [[March 13]] – [[Karl Münchinger]], German conductor (b. [[1915]])
* [[March 13]] – [[Bruno Bettelheim]], American child psychologist (b. [[1903]])
* [[March 17]] – [[Ric Grech]], British musician (b. [[1946]])
* [[March 17]] – [[Capucine]], French actress (b. [[1933]])
* [[March 19]] – [[Andrew Wood]], American musician (b. [[1966]])
* [[March 20]] – [[Lev Yashin]], Russian footballer (b. [[1929]])
* [[April 3]] – [[Sarah Vaughan]], American jazz vocalist (b. [[1924]])
* [[April 8]] – [[Ryan White]], American AIDS activist (b. [[1971]])
* [[April 15]] – [[Greta Garbo]], Swedish actress (b. [[1905]])
* [[April 17]] – [[Ralph Abernathy]], American civil rights leader (b. [[1926]])
* [[April 18]] – [[Gory Guerrero]], American wrestler and father of [[Eddie Guerrero]] (b. [[1921]])
* [[April 21]] – [[Romain de Tirtoff]], French [[Art Deco]] artist (b. [[1892]])
* [[April 23]] – [[Paulette Goddard]], American actress (b. [[1910]])
* [[May 8]] – [[Tomás Cardinal Ó Fiaich]], Northern Irish clergyman (b. [[1923]])
* [[May 16]] – [[Sammy Davis Jr.]], American actor, dancer, and singer (b. [[1925]])
* [[May 16]] – [[Jim Henson]], American puppeteer and filmmaker (b. [[1936]])
* [[May 18]] – [[Jill Ireland]], English actress (b. [[1936]])
* [[May 25]] – [[Vic Tayback]], American actor (b. [[1930]])
* [[June 2]] – [[Rex Harrison]], English actor (b. [[1908]])
* [[June 3]] – [[Robert Noyce]], American businessman and inventor (b. [[1927]])
* [[June 3]] – [[Stiv Bators]], American singer ([[The Dead Boys]]) (b. [[1949]])
* [[June 16]] – Dame [[Eva Turner]], British soprano (b. [[1892]])
* [[June 22]] – [[Ilya Frank]], Russian physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1908]])
===July-December===
* [[July 7]] – [[Bill Cullen]], American game show host (b. [[1920]])
* [[July 7]] – [[Cazuza]], Brazilian poet, singer and composer (b. [[1958]])
* [[July 15]] – [[Margaret Lockwood]], English actress (b. [[1916]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Yun Po Sun]], [[President of South Korea]] (b. [[1897]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Johnny Wayne]], Canadian comedian (b. [[1918]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Yves Chaland]], French cartoonist (b. [[1957]])
* [[July 22]] – [[Manuel Puig]], Argentinian writer (b. [[1932]])
* [[July 26]] – [[Brent Mydland]], American keyboard player (b. [[1952]])
* [[August 2]] – [[Edwin Richfield]], British actor (b. [[1921]])
* [[August 9]] – [[Joe Mercer]], English footballer (b. [[1914]])
* [[August 12]] – [[Dorothy Mackaill]], British-born American actress (b. [[1903]])
* [[August 15]] – [[Victor Tsoi]], Russian singer, actor and poet (b. [[1962]])
* [[August 17]] – [[Pearl Bailey]], American singer and actress (b. [[1918]])
* [[August 18]] – [[B. F. Skinner]], American psychologist (b. [[1904]])
* [[August 27]] – [[Stevie Ray Vaughan]], American guitarist (b. [[1954]])
* [[September 4]] – [[Irene Dunne]], American actress (b. [[1898]])
* [[September 7]] – [[A. J. P. Taylor]], English historian (b. [[1906]])
* [[September 16]] – [[Len Hutton]], English cricketer (b. [[1916]])
* [[September 26]] – [[Alberto Moravia]], Italian novelist (b. [[1907]])
* [[September 30]] – [[Patrick White]], Australian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1912]])
* [[October 5]] – [[Peter Taylor]], English footballer and manager (b. [[1928]])
* [[October 13]] – [[Le Duc Tho]], Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1911]])
* [[October 14]] – [[Leonard Bernstein]], American composer and conductor (b. [[1918]])
* [[November 5]] – [[Meir Kahane]], American rabbi and political figure (b. [[1932]])
* [[November 17]] – [[Robert Hofstadter]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1915]])
* [[November 23]] – [[Roald Dahl]], English writer (b. [[1916]])
* [[November 27]] – [[David White (actor)|David White]], American actor (b. [[1916]])
* [[December 2]] – [[Aaron Copland]], American composer (b. [[1900]])
* [[December 6]] – [[Pavlos Sidiropoulos]], Greek singer and songwriter (b. [[1948]])
* [[December 7]] – [[Reinaldo Arenas]], Cuban writer (b. [[1943]])
* [[December 7]] – [[Joan Bennett]], American actress (b. [[1910]])
* [[December 14]] – [[Friedrich Dürrenmatt]], Swiss writer (b. [[1921]])
{{C20YearTOCright}}
* [[December 15]] – [[Edmund Parker]], American Kenpo founder (b.1931)
* [[December 16]] – [[Douglas Campbell (aviator)|Douglas Campbell]], American World War I pilot (b. [[1896]])
* [[December 16]] – [[Jackie Mittoo]], Jamaican musician (b. [[1948]])
==Nobel prizes==
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Jerome Isaac Friedman]], [[Henry Way Kendall]], and [[Richard E. Taylor|Richard Edward Taylor]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Elias James Corey]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] – [[Joseph E. Murray]], [[E. Donnall Thomas]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] – [[Octavio Paz]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] – [[Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev|Mikhail Gorbachev]]
*[[Nobel Prize in Economics|Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel]] – [[Harry Markowitz]], [[Merton Miller]], [[William Forsyth Sharpe|William Sharpe]]
==Templeton Prize==
* [[Baba Amte]] (Joint Award)
* [[L. Charles Birch]] (Joint Award)
==Fields Medal==
*[[Vladimir Drinfeld]], [[Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones]], [[Shigefumi Mori]], [[Edward Witten]]
==Right Livelihood Award==
* [[Alice Tepper Marlin]], [[Bernard Lédéa Ouedraogo]], [[Felicia Langer]] and [[ATCC]] (Asociación de Trabajadores Campesinos del Carare)
==Notes==
<references/>
==External links==
*[http://www.coinpage.com/1990-pictures.html 1990 Coin Pictures]
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