1994 Atlantic hurricane season
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/222.184.232.213|222.184.232.213]] to last version by James086 (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
{{Infobox hurricane season
| first storm formed=[[June 30]], [[1994]]
| last storm dissipated=[[November 21]], [[1994]]
| strongest storm=Florence - 972 [[mbar]] (28.70 [[inHg]]), 110 [[mph]] (175 [[km/h]])
| total storms=7
| major storms=0
| total damages=$976 million (1994 [[USD]]) $1.25 billion (2005 USD)
| total fatalities=1,184
| basin=Atlantic hurricane
| five seasons=[[1992 Atlantic hurricane season|1992]], [[1993 Atlantic hurricane season|1993]], '''1994''', [[1995 Atlantic hurricane season|1995]], [[1996 Atlantic hurricane season|1996]]
}}
<!-- Created with subst: of [[Template:Hurricane season single]]. -->The '''1994 Atlantic hurricane season''' officially began on [[June 1]], [[1994]], and lasted until [[November 30]], [[1994]]. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most [[tropical cyclone]]s form in the [[Atlantic basin]]. The season was very quiet, with only seven named storms, three hurricanes, and no major hurricanes; the low activity is the result of a strong [[El Niño]] that lasted from 1991 to 1994.
Tropical Storms [[Tropical Storm Alberto (1994)|Alberto]] and Beryl caused significant flood damage in the [[Southeast United States]]. The worst storm of the season, however, was [[Hurricane Gordon (1994)|Hurricane Gordon]], which killed 1,145 people, nearly all in [[Haiti]].
== Storms ==
=== Tropical Storm Alberto ===
{{hurricane main|Tropical Storm Alberto (1994)}}
{{infobox hurricane small
| name=Tropical Storm Alberto
| category=storm
| type=tropical storm
| image=Tropical Storm Alberto (1994).JPG
| track=Alberto 1994 track.png
| formed=[[June 30]]
| dissipated=[[July 7]]
| highest winds=65 [[Miles per hour|mph]] (100 [[Kilometres per hour|km/h]])
| lowest pressure=993 [[mbar]] ([[hPa]])
| total damages=$700 million (2005 dollars)
| total fatalities=30 direct
| areas affected=[[Florida Panhandle]], [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| hurricane season=1994 Atlantic hurricane season}}
Alberto formed from a north-moving tropical depression north of the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] on [[July 2]]. Tropical Storm Alberto continued north, making landfall near [[Destin, Florida]] on [[July 3]] as a moderately strong tropical storm. The storm weakened quickly to a tropical depression, which then meandered over [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and [[Alabama]] until it dissipated on [[July 7]].
There were 30 deaths directly attributed to the effects of Tropical Storm Alberto, all from inland flooding. Some of the deaths were reported after the dissipation of the storm's circulation, as Alberto's remnants continued to produce heavy rain. Property damage was estimated at $500 million (1994 [[USD]]), most in Georgia.
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=== Tropical Depression Two ===
{{Infobox hurricane small
| name=Tropical Depression Two
| category=depression
| image=Tropical Depression Two (1994).JPG
| track=Td21994rain.gif
| type=tropical depression
| lowest pressure=1015 [[mbar]]
| total damages=Minimal
| total fatalities=None
| areas affected=[[South Carolina]], [[North Carolina]], [[Virginia]]
| formed=[[July 20]]
| dissipated=[[July 21]]
| highest winds=35 [[miles per hour|mph]] (55 [[kilometres per hour|km/h]])
}}
Tropical Depression #2 formed from a weather system of nontropical origin. A broad upper trough extended northeast from the Bahamas in mid-July. Thunderstorms increased within this trough to the north of the Bahamas on the 18th. A weak surface low gradually developed a couple hundred miles southeast of South Carolina by the 19th. That night, a tropical depression formed from this low. The depression hit it peak intensity of 1015 mbar and {{convert|35|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} on July 20th. The depression moved north making landfall in [[South Carolina]] and dissipated on July 23rd.
Rainfall peaked at 6.84" in Hamlet, NC.[http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/td2of1994.html]
*[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1994/td2/prenhc Tropical Cyclone Report for Tropical Depression Two]
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=== Tropical Storm Beryl ===
{{hurricane main|Tropical Storm Beryl (1994)}}
{{infobox hurricane small
| name=Tropical Storm Beryl
| category=storm
| type=tropical storm
| image=Tropical Storm Beryl (1994).JPG
| track=Beryl 1994 track.png
| formed=[[August 14]]
| dissipated=[[August 19]]
| highest winds=60 [[miles per hour|mph]] (95 [[kilometres per hour|km/h]])
| lowest pressure=999 [[mbar]]
| total damages=$73 million (1994 [[USD]])
| total fatalities=None
| areas affected=[[Eastern Seaboard]] of the [[United States]]
| hurricane season=1994 Atlantic hurricane season}}
Beryl formed off the coast of the [[Florida panhandle]] on [[August 15]], just twelve hours before landfall near [[Panama City, Florida]]. Beryl quickly strengthened before landfall and reached a peak intensity of {{convert|60|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}. Beryl caused inland flooding as it moved through Georgia, across the [[Carolinas]], and all the way to [[Connecticut]] where it was absorbed by a frontal system.
Tropical Storm Beryl was a weak system, and unlike Alberto, its rapid motion up the [[Eastern Seaboard]] spread its heavy rainfall across a large area. Property damage was estimated at $73 million (1994 [[USD]]), most in [[South Carolina]]. Although there were no deaths caused by Beryl, a large number of people were injured by the 37 tornadoes Beryl produced as it weakened.
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=== Hurricane Chris ===
{{infobox hurricane small
| name=Hurricane Chris
| category=cat1
| type=hurricane
| image=Hurricane Chris (1994).JPG
| track=Chris 1994 track.png
| formed=[[August 16]]
| dissipated=[[August 23]]
| highest winds=80 [[miles per hour|mph]] (130 [[kilometres per hour|km/h]])
| lowest pressure=979 [[mbar]]
| total damages=Minimal
| total fatalities=None
| areas affected=None
| hurricane season=1994 Atlantic hurricane season}}
Chris formed midway between the [[Lesser Antilles]] and [[Cape Verde]] on [[August 17]], and reached hurricane strength the next day. It travelled generally northwest, then turned north and brushed [[Bermuda]] as a minimal tropical storm on the 21st. Chris continued north, then turned northeast and merged with another system.
Hurricane Chris caused no damage, and the only effect to Bermuda was 2.83 in (72 mm) of rain.
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=== Tropical Depression Five ===
{{Infobox hurricane small
| name=Tropical Depression Five
| category=depression
| type=tropical depression
| image=Tropical Depression Five (1994).JPG
| lowest pressure=1005 [[mbar]]
| total damages=None
| total fatalities=None
| areas affected=[[Tampico]], [[Mexico]]
| formed=[[August 29]]
| dissipated=[[August 31]]
| highest winds=35 [[miles per hour|mph]] (55 [[kilometres per hour|km/h]])
}}
The wave that would become Tropical Depression Five was tracked beginning on [[August 17]]. The wave wouldn't get anymore convection until [[August 26]]. A reconnaissance airplane was released which found lower pressure and a well-defined mid-level circulation. The wave was upgraded into a depression on [[August 29]] near the Yucatan Peninsula. The next day, Five hit its peak intensity of 1005 millibars. Five made landfall in Tampico on the 31st and dissipating the same day over [[Mexico]]. Five dropped 2 to {{convert|4|in|mm}} of rain over Mexico but caused no damage.
*[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1994/td5/prenhc/ Tropical Depression 5 Tropical Cyclone Report]
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=== Tropical Storm Debby ===
{{hurricane main|Tropical Storm Debby (1994)}}
{{infobox hurricane small
| name=Tropical Storm Debby
| category=storm
| type=tropical storm
| image=Tropical Storm Debby (1994).JPG
| track=Debby 1994 track.png
| formed=[[September 9]]
| dissipated=[[September 11]]
| highest winds=70 [[Miles per hour|mph]] (110 [[Kilometres per hour|km/h]])
| lowest pressure=1006 [[mbar]]
| total damages=$230 million (1994 [[USD]]) <ref>[http://www.oas.org/cdmp/document/mitiplan/anthony.htm Damage total]</ref> <br>$294 million (2005 [[USD]])
| total fatalities=9 direct, 2 missing
| areas affected=[[Leeward Islands]], [[Dominican Republic]]
| hurricane season=1994 Atlantic hurricane season}}
Tropical Storm Debby formed on [[September 10]], just east of [[Saint Lucia]]. The storm crossed the island, and dissipated well south of [[Puerto Rico]] the next day. Debby's remnants would continue to cause severe weather as they moved over [[Hispaniola]]. Nine people were reported dead. Property damage estimates are not available, but flooding and landslides were severe in Saint Lucia.
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=== Tropical Storm Ernesto ===
{{infobox hurricane small
| name=Tropical Storm Ernesto
| category=storm
| type=tropical storm
| image=Tropical Storm Ernesto (1994).JPG
| track=Ernesto 1994 track.png
| formed=[[September 21]]
| dissipated=[[September 26]]
| highest winds=60 [[miles per hour|mph]] (95 [[kilometres per hour|km/h]])
| lowest pressure=997 [[mbar]]
| total damages=None
| total fatalities=None
| areas affected=None
| hurricane season=1994 Atlantic hurricane season}}
Ernesto formed southwest of [[Cape Verde]] and reached tropical storm strength on [[September 22]]. It moved north for two days, and by the 24th had weakened to a tropical depression. Ernesto dissipated on [[September 25]] having never affected land.
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=== Tropical Depression Eight ===
{{Infobox hurricane small
| name=Tropical Depression Eight
| category=depression
| type=tropical depression
| image=Tropical Depression Eight (1994).JPG
| lowest pressure=1004 [[mbar]]
| total damages=None
| total fatalities=None
| areas affected=[[Belize]], [[Yucatan Peninsula]]
| formed=[[September 24]]
| dissipated=[[September 26]]
| highest winds=35 [[miles per hour|mph]] (55 [[kilometres per hour|km/h]])
}}
The eighth depression of the season formed with little convection on [[September 19]] in the southwestern [[Caribbean Sea]]. The area of convection lasted for several days moving from northwestern direction to the northeastern. The wave was estimated to have strengthened into Tropical Depression Eight on [[September 24]] near the coast of Honduras. An Air Force aircraft found the depression with a poorly-organized circulation and a pressure of 1007 millibars.
The depression moved west at six to nine [[Knot (speed)|knots]] on 25th. Just before landfall in [[Mexico]] on the 25th, Eight hit its peak intensity of 35 [[mph]] and 1004 [[mbar]]. The depression made landfall in Mexico and dissipated the next day over [[Guatemala]]. Reports show that the remnants of Eight became Tropical Depression Ten.
*[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1994/td8/prenhc Tropical Depression Eight Tropical Cyclone Report]
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=== Tropical Depression Nine ===
{{Infobox hurricane small
| name=Tropical Depression Nine
| category=depression
| type=tropical depression
| image=Tropical Depression Nine (1994).JPG
| lowest pressure=1007 [[mbar]]
| total damages=None
| total fatalities=None
| areas affected=None
| formed=[[September 27]]
| dissipated=[[September 29]]
| highest winds=35 [[miles per hour|mph]] (55 [[kilometres per hour|km/h]])
}}
Tropical Depression Nine started out as a well-defined cloud circulation off of Africa on [[September 26]]. The circulation was upgraded to the ninth depression of the 1994 season, {{convert|150|nmi|km}} southeast from the [[Cape Verde Islands]] the next day. The depression moved northward and lost its convention. The NHC declared Nine dissipated on [[September 29]].
Nine's peak intensity was 30 knots (35 [[mph]]) and 1007 mbar.
*[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1994/td9/prenhc/prelim01.gif Tropical Depression Nine Tropical Cyclone Report]
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=== Tropical Depression Ten ===
{{Infobox hurricane small
| name=Tropical Depression Ten
| category=depression
| type=tropical depression
| image=Tropical Depression Ten (1994).JPG
| lowest pressure=1004 [[mbar]]
| total damages=None
| total fatalities=None
| areas affected=[[Cuba]]
| formed=[[September 29]]
| dissipated=[[September 30]]
| highest winds=35 [[miles per hour|mph]] (55 [[kilometres per hour|km/h]])
}}
An area of disturbed weather, related to Tropical Depression Eight, persisted for several days over the northwest [[Caribbean Sea]] and the Yucatan Peninsula. A tropical wave moved into the area, causing an increase in showers and cloudiness. Pressures began dropping and the NHC estimated that the wave became Tropical Depression Ten on [[September 29]] about {{convert|150|nmi|km}} off the coast of Cuba. The system became better-organized and when the depression moved into [[Mexico]], it was absorbed by a non-tropical system on 30th. Ten's peak intensity, acquired early on the 30th, was 1004 millibars with {{convert|30|kn|km/h|sing=on}} winds.
The remnants of the depression dropped heavy rains in Florida, causing $5 million in damage (1994 USD).[http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~200627]
*[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1994/td10/prenhc Tropical Depression Ten Tropical Cyclone Report]
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=== Hurricane Florence ===
{{infobox hurricane small
| name=Hurricane Florence
| category=cat2
| type=hurricane
| image=Hurricane Florence (1994).JPG
| track=Florence 1994 track.png
| formed=[[November 2]]
| dissipated=[[November 8]]
| highest winds=110 [[miles per hour|mph]] (175 [[kilometres per hour|km/h]])
| lowest pressure=979 [[mbar]]
| total damages=None
| total fatalities=None
| areas affected=None
| hurricane season=1994 Atlantic hurricane season}}
Florence initially formed as a [[subtropical]] depression in the central Atlantic on [[November 2]]. As it moved generally northwest, it took on tropical characteristics and was classified as Tropical Storm Florence on the 4th. It reached hurricane strength, then turned sharply to the northeast and accelerated on [[November 6]], as it was picked up by a strong trough. Florence was absorbed by a cold front on the 8th. There was no reported damage.
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=== Hurricane Gordon ===
{{hurricane main|Hurricane Gordon (1994)}}
{{infobox hurricane small
| name=Hurricane Gordon
| category=cat1
| type=hurricane
| image=Hurricane Gordon off North Carolina in 1994.JPG
| track=Gordon 1994 track.png
| formed=[[November 8]]
| dissipated=[[November 21]]
| highest winds=85 [[Miles per hour|mph]] (140 [[Kilometres per hour|km/h]])
| lowest pressure=980 [[mbar]]
| total damages=$400 million (1994 [[USD]]), $525 million (2005 USD) ([[United States]] only; damage not available elsewhere)
| total fatalities=1,145 direct
| areas affected=[[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Jamaica]], [[Haiti]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Cuba]], [[Florida]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[South Carolina]]
| hurricane season=1994 Atlantic hurricane season}}
Hurricane Gordon was a long-lived system that remained a tropical storm for most of its existence and followed a winding, atypical track through the western [[Caribbean]] and into [[Florida]]. Although Gordon was only a tropical storm for most of its long existence, it caused enormous damage. A [[United Nations]] estimate of the death toll in Haiti was 1,122. There were six deaths reported in [[Costa Rica]], five in the [[Dominican Republic]], two in [[Jamaica]], two in [[Cuba]], and eight in [[Florida]]. Despite the death toll, the [[World Meteorological Organization]] did not retire the name, issuing an official statement crediting Jamaica and Cuba's warning infrastructure for the low loss of life there, and blaming Haiti's lack of such a system for the large number of deaths there.
Property damage in the United States was estimated at $400 million (1994 [[US dollars]]). Property damage statistics for other affected areas are not available, but were reportedly severe in both Haiti and Cuba.
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=== Other storms ===
[[Image:Suboct1994rain.gif|right|thumb|Rainfall totals from the October Subtropical Storm]]
In addition to the seven named storms, the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center identified a subtropical storm in early October that moved across [[Florida]] and the southeastern United States. The storm produced heavy rainfall along its path, peaking at over {{convert|10|in|mm}} in southern [[South Carolina]]. However, the storm was not confirmed by the National Hurricane Center.[http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/suboct1994.html] The rainfall in South Carolina caused coastal flooding and flash flooding, with more than 147 houses, 6 government buildings, 36 buildings, and at least 45 cars were flooded. At least 37 roads were washed out or damaged, and more than 3,000 people were left without power after the rains. Damage from the storm exceeded $1 million (1994 USD).[http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~237401]
[[Christmas 1994 Nor'easter|A powerful nor'easter]] with some subtropical characteristics struck [[New England]] on [[December 23]] and 24th. Although the storm was both intense and destructive, bringing hurricane force winds to the Southern New England shoreline, it was never officially classified as a tropical or subtropical system. This storm is sometimes referred to as the Great Christmas Eve Gale of 1994 by coastal Rhode Islanders.[http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/climate/Impacts_12-94.html]
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==Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) Rating==
{|class="wikitable" align=right style="margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;"
|-
!colspan=6|ACE (10<sup>4</sup>kt<sup>2</sup>) – Storm: [[Talk:Accumulated Cyclone Energy/Atlantic by year|Source]]
|-
! 1
| 10.4 || Florence
! 5
| 1.51 || Ernesto
|-
! 2
| 8.35 || [[Hurricane Gordon (1994)|Gordon]]
! 6
| 1.37 || [[Tropical Storm Debby (1994)|Debby]]
|-
! 3
| 7.50 || Chris
! 7
| 0.825 || Beryl
|-
! 4
| 1.57 || [[Tropical Storm Alberto (1994)|Alberto]]
!
| ||
|-
!colspan=6| Total= 31.53 (32)
|}
The table on the right shows the [[Accumulated Cyclone Energy|ACE]] for each storm in the season. The ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed for, so hurricanes that lasted a long time (such as Gordon), as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have higher ACEs.
{{clear}}
== Storm names ==
The following names were used for named storms that formed in the north Atlantic in 1994. No names were retired, so it was used again in the [[2000 Atlantic hurricane season|2000 season]]. This is the same list used for the [[1988 Atlantic hurricane season|1988 season]] except for Gordon and Joyce, which replaced [[Hurricane Gilbert|Gilbert]] and [[Hurricane Joan-Miriam|Joan]]. A storm was named Gordon for the first time in 1994. Names that were not assigned are marked in {{tcname unused}}.
{| width="90%" style="clear:both;"
|
* [[Tropical Storm Alberto (1994)|Alberto]]
* Beryl
* Chris
* [[Tropical Storm Debby (1994)|Debby]]
* Ernesto
* Florence
* [[Hurricane Gordon (1994)|Gordon]]
|
* {{tcname unused|Helene}}
* {{tcname unused|Isaac}}
* {{tcname unused|Joyce}}
* {{tcname unused|Keith}}
* {{tcname unused|Leslie}}
* {{tcname unused|Michael}}
* {{tcname unused|Nadine}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Oscar}}
* {{tcname unused|Patty}}
* {{tcname unused|Rafael}}
* {{tcname unused|Sandy}}
* {{tcname unused|Tony}}
* {{tcname unused|Valerie}}
* {{tcname unused|William}}
|}
=== Retirement ===
{{seealso|List of retired Atlantic hurricane names}}
The [[World Meteorological Organization]] retired no names used in the 1994 season.
== See also ==
{{tcportal}}
*[[List of Atlantic hurricanes]]
*[[List of Atlantic hurricane seasons]]
== References ==
<references/>
==External links==
* [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1994.pdf Monthly Weather Review]
*[ftp://ftp.nhc.noaa.gov/pub/storm_archives/atlantic/prelimat/atl1994 Detailed information on all storms from 1994]
*[http://www.wmo.ch/web/Press/warning.html WMO statement: "Early warning saves grief and money"]
{{1994 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}}
{{1990-1999 Atlantic hurricane seasons}}
[[Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons|1994]]
[[Category:1994 Atlantic hurricane season| ]]
[[nl:Atlantisch orkaanseizoen 1994]]