1997
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{{for|the band|1997 (band)}}
{{year nav|1997}}
{{C20YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1997''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXCVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar).
The year 1997 was the [[Year of the Ox]] according to the [[Chinese Zodiac]].
{{C20YearTOC|1997|Designations|Templeton Prize}}
==Events of 1997==
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===January===
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* [[January 1]] – An off duty [[Israel]]i soldier, Pvt. Noam Friedman, 22, fires at a vegetable market in [[Hebron]], injuring five Palestinians. He claims to have done this because he felt that "they hate [[Jew]]s".
* [[January 9]] – Yachtsman [[Tony Bullimore]] is found alive, five days after his boat capsized in the [[Southern Ocean]].
[[Image:Bill Clinton.jpg|thumb|Bill Clinton, who began his second term on January 20]]
* [[January 17]] – A [[Delta II]] rocket carrying a military [[GPS]] payload explodes, shortly after liftoff from [[Cape Canaveral]].
* [[January 18]] – In northwest [[Rwanda]], [[Hutu]] militia members kill three Spanish aid workers, three soldiers, and seriously wound another.
* [[January 19]] – [[Yasser Arafat]] returns to [[Hebron]] after more than 30 years, and joins celebrations over the handover of the last Israeli-controlled [[West Bank]] city.
* [[January 20]] – U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] is inaugurated for his second term.
* [[January 21]] – [[Newt Gingrich]] becomes the first [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]] to be disciplined internally for ethical misconduct.
* [[January 22]] – [[Madeleine Albright]] becomes the first female Secretary of State, after confirmation by the [[United States Senate]].
* [[January 23]] – [[Mir Aimal Kasi]] is sentenced to death for a 1993 assault rifle attack outside [[CIA]] headquarters that killed two and wounded three.
* [[January 26]] – The [[Green Bay Packers]] win the [[NFL Championship]] for the first time since [[1967]], defeating the [[New England Patriots]] 35-21 in [[Super Bowl XXXI]] at the [[Louisiana Superdome]] in [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]].
* [[January 27]] – It is revealed that [[France|French]] [[museum]]s had nearly 2,000 pieces of art that had been stolen by [[Nazis]].
===February===
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* [[February 4]] – [[O.J. Simpson]] is found liable in civil court for the death of [[Ron Goldman]] and for the battery of [[Nicole Brown Simpson]]. Simpson is ordered to pay $35,000,000 in damages to the families of the two victims.
* [[February 4]] – On their way to [[Lebanon]], 2 Israeli troop-transport [[helicopter]]s collide, killing 73.
* [[February 4]] – After at first contesting the results, [[Serbia]]n President [[Slobodan Milošević]] recognizes opposition victories in the November 1996 elections.
* [[February 4]] – [[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town]] footballer Adam Tanner, who had recently failed a [[Drug Testing|drugs test]], is banned from football for three months at an [[The Football Association|FA]] hearing. Some considered this to be a relatively lenient punishment as he had admitted taking drugs at the first attempt and shown remorse for his behaviour.
* [[February 4]] – [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Home Secretary]] [[Michael Howard]] informs [[Moors Murderers|Moors Murderer]] [[Myra Hindley]] that she will never be released from prison. Mr Howard made the decision in agreement with a recommendation made by his predecessor [[David Waddington, Baron Waddington|David Waddington]] in [[1990]].
* [[February 5]] – The so-called "Big Three" banks in [[Switzerland]] announce the creation of a $71 million fund to aid [[Holocaust]] survivors and their families.
* [[February 5]] – [[Morgan Stanley]] and [[Dean Witter Reynolds]] investment banks announce a $10 billion merger.
* [[February 10]] – The [[United States Army]] suspends Sgt. Major [[Gene C. McKinney]], its top-ranking enlisted soldier, after hearing allegations of sexual misconduct.
* [[February 10]] – [[Sandline affair]]: [[Australia]]n newspapers publish stories that the government of [[Papua New Guinea]] has brought mercenaries onto [[Bougainville Island]].
* [[February 13]] – ''[[STS-82]]'': Tune-up and repair work on the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] is started by [[astronaut]]s from ''[[Space Shuttle Discovery]]''.
* [[February 13]] – The [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] closes above 7,000 [[Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average|for the first time]], gaining 60.81 to 7,022.44.
* [[February 19]] – The last of the [[People's Republic of China]]'s major revolutionaries, [[Deng Xiaoping]], dies at age 92.
* [[February 22]] – In [[Roslin, Scotland]], scientists announce that an adult [[sheep]] named [[Dolly the sheep|Dolly]] had been successfully [[cloning|cloned]], and was born in July 1996.
* [[February 23]] – A large fire occurs in the [[Russia]]n [[space station]] [[Mir]].
* [[February 28]] – The [[North Hollywood shootout]] takes place between two heavily armed bank robbers and officers of the [[Los Angeles Police Department]].
===March===
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[[Image:OsakaDomeEvening.jpg|thumb|Osaka Dome during the evening.]]
{{Month3|3|5|0}}
* [[March 4]] – U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] bars federal funding for any research on [[human cloning]].
* [[March 6]] – [[Pablo Picasso]]'s ''Tête de Femme'' is stolen from a [[London]] gallery (recovered a week later).
* [[March 6]] – In [[Sri Lanka]], [[Tamil Tigers]] overrun a [[military base]] and kill more than 200.
* [[March 11]] – An explosion at the Tokaimura [[nuclear waste]] reprocessing plant in Japan exposes 35 workers to low-level [[radioactive contamination]], in the worst [[nuclear accident]] in Japan's history.
* [[March 13]] – [[India]]'s Missionaries of Charity chooses [[Sister Nirmala]] to succeed [[Mother Teresa]] as its leader.
* [[March 13]] – The [[National People's Congress]] of the People's Republic of China creates a new [[Chongqing]] Municipality. It was formerly part of [[Sichuan]].
* [[March 13]] – The [[Phoenix Lights]] are seen over Phoenix, AZ.
* [[March 16]] – [[Sandline affair]]: On Bougainville Island, soldiers of commander [[Jerry Singirok]] arrest [[Tim Spicer]] and his [[mercenary|mercenaries]] of the [[Sandline International]].
* [[March 18]] – The tail of a [[Russia]]n [[An-24]] charter plane breaks off while en-route to [[Turkey]], causing the plane to crash, killing all 50 on board, and resulting in the grounding of all An-24s.
* [[March 21]] – In [[Zaire]], Etienne Tshiksekedi is appointed prime minister; he ejects supporters of [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] from his cabinet.
* [[March 21]] – Mercenaries of Sandline International withdraw from Papua New Guinea.
* [[March 22]] – [[Tara Lipinski]], 14, becomes the youngest women's world [[figure skating]] champion.
* [[March 22]] – The comet [[Hale-Bopp]] makes its closest approach to Earth.
* [[March 24]] – The [[69th Academy Awards]], hosted by [[Billy Crystal]], are held at the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in [[Los Angeles, California]], with ''[[The English Patient]]'' winning [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]].
* [[March 26]] – In [[San Diego, California]], 39 [[Heaven's Gate (cult)|Heaven's Gate]] cultists commit mass suicide at their compound.
* [[March 26]] – [[Julius Chan]] resigns as prime minister of Papua New Guinea, ending the Sandline affair.
===April===
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* [[April 3]] – The [[Thalit massacre]] in [[Algeria]]: All but one of the 53 inhabitants of Thalit are killed by guerrillas.
* [[April 11]] – Fire damages the Turin Cathedral in [[Italy]].
* [[April 14]] – Fire breaks out in a pilgrim camp on the Plain of Mena, 7 miles from [[Mecca]]; 343 die.
* [[April 14]] – Former SS Captain [[Erich Priebke]] is retried; on [[July 22]] he is sentenced to five years in prison.
* [[April 16]] – [[Houston, Texas]] socialite [[Doris Angleton]] is murdered in her [[River Oaks]] home. [[Roger Angleton]] later admits to the crime in his suicide note. Despite being found innocent of the crime by a [[Texas]] jury, he is later arrested by the United States Department of Justice on similar charges.
* [[April 18]] – The [[Red River of the North]] breaks through dikes and [[Red River Flood, 1997|floods]] [[Grand Forks, North Dakota]] and [[East Grand Forks, Minnesota]], causing US$ 2 billion in damage.
* [[April 21]] – A Pegasus rocket carries the remains of 24 people into earth orbit, in the first [[space burial]].
* [[April 22]] – [[Haouch Khemisti massacre]] in [[Algeria]]; 93 villagers killed.
* [[April 22]] – A 126-day hostage crisis at the residence of the Japanese ambassador in [[Lima, Peru]] ends after government commandos storm and capture the building, rescuing 71 hostages. One hostage dies of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]], two soldiers are killed from rebel fire, and all 14 [[Tupac Amaru]] rebels are slain.
* [[April 22]] – [[France]] supports the new [[transitional government]] in Zaire, withdrawing its support of Mobutu Sese Seko.
* [[April 23]] – [[Omaria massacre]] in Algeria; 42 villagers killed.
* [[April 27]] – [[Andrew Cunanan]] murders Jeffrey Trail, beginning a murder spree that will last until July and end with the murder of fashion designer [[Gianni Versace]].
* [[April 29]] – Two trains crushed at [[Hunan]], [[China]], 126 killed.
===May===
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{{Month3|5|3|0}}
* [[May 1]] – [[Tasmania]] becomes the last state in [[Australia]] to decriminalize [[homosexuality]].
* [[May 1]] – [[United Kingdom general election, 1997]]: The [[United Kingdom]]'s [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] ends 18 years of [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] rule.
* [[May 2]] – [[Tony Blair]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].
* [[May 3]] – [[Katrina and the Waves]] win the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1997]] for the [[United Kingdom|UK]] with [[Love Shine a Light]], the most successful Eurovision entry ever.
* [[May 10]] – An [[earthquake]] near Ardekul, in northeastern [[Iran]], kills at least 2,400.
* [[May 11]] – [[International Business Machines|IBM]]'s [[IBM Deep Blue|Deep Blue]] defeats [[Garry Kasparov]] in the [[Deep Blue – Kasparov, 1997, Game 6|last game]] of the rematch, the first time a computer beat a [[chess]] World champion in a match.
* [[May 12]] – The [[Russia]]n-[[Chechnya|Chechen]] Peace Treaty is signed.
* [[May 14]] – The [[Star Alliance]] is formed between [[Air Canada]], [[Lufthansa]], [[Scandinavian Airlines System]], [[Thai Airways International]] and [[United Airlines]].
* [[May 15]] – [[United States]] government acknowledges existence of [[Laotian Civil War|"Secret War" in Laos]] and dedicates [[Laos Memorial]] in honor of [[Hmong people|Hmong]] and other "Secret War" veterans.
* [[May 16]] – Mobutu Sese Seko leaves [[Kinshasa]] (eventually settles in Morocco).
* [[May 16]] – U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] issues a formal apology to the surviving victims of the [[Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male]] and their families.
* [[May 17]] – Troops of Laurent Kabila march into [[Kinshasa]].
* [[May 22]] – [[Kelly Flinn]], the [[U.S. Air Force]]'s first [[Women in the military|female bomber pilot]] certified for combat, accepts a [[general discharge]] in order to avoid a [[court martial]].
* [[May 25]] – [[Strom Thurmond]] becomes the longest-serving member in the history of the [[United States Senate]] (41 years and 10 months).
* [[May 25]] – A military [[coup]] in [[Sierra Leone]] replaces President [[Ahmad Tejan Kabbah]] with Major [[Johnny Paul Koromah]].
* [[May 27]] – The [[Central Texas tornado outbreak|second-deadliest tornado]] of the 1990s hits in [[Jarrell, Texas]], killing 27 people.
* [[May 31]] – Opening of the [[Confederation Bridge]]; the 13 kilometer bridge is the world's longest bridge spanning ice covered waters, between [[Prince Edward Island]] and [[New Brunswick]], [[Canada]].
===June===
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{{Month3|6|6|0}}
* [[June 1]] – [[Iraq disarmament crisis]]: [[Iraq]]i military escorts on board an [[UNSCOM]] helicopter try to physically prevent the UNSCOM pilot from flying the helicopter in the direction of its planned destination, threatening the safety of the aircraft and their crews.
* [[June 1]] – [[Hugo Banzer]] wins the [[Presidential elections]] in [[Bolivia]].
* [[June 2]] – In [[Denver]], [[Colorado]], [[Timothy McVeigh]] is convicted on 15 counts of murder and conspiracy for his role in the 1995 [[Oklahoma City bombing]].
* [[June 5]] – Kim Hyun Chul, son of [[Kim Young Sam]], [[president of South Korea]], is charged with [[bribery]] and [[political corruption|corruption]] related to the awarding of government contracts.
* [[June 6]] – In Lacey Township, [[New Jersey]], high school senior [[Melissa Drexler]] kills her newborn baby in a toilet.
* [[June 7]] – A computer user known as "_eci" publishes his [[Microsoft C]] source code on a [[Windows 95]] and [[Windows NT]] exploit, which would later become [[WinNuke]]. The source code gets wide distribution across the [[internet]], and [[Microsoft]] is forced to release a security patch.
* [[June 7]] – The [[Detroit Red Wings]] win their first [[Stanley Cup]] championship in 42 years, defeating the [[Philadelphia Flyers]] four games to none. Red Wings goaltender [[Mike Vernon (ice hockey)|Mike Vernon]] is awarded the [[Conn Smythe Trophy]] as playoff MVP.
* [[June 8]] – A [[United States Coast Guard]] helicopter crashes near [[Humboldt Bay (United States)|Humboldt Bay]], [[California]]. All four crewmembers perish.
* [[June 10]] – [[Khmer Rouge]] leader [[Pol Pot]] orders the killing of his defense chief, [[Son Sen]], and 11 of Sen's family members, before Pol Pot flees his northern stronghold (the news does not reach outside [[Cambodia]] for 3 days).
* [[June 11]] – The [[British House of Commons]] votes for a total ban on [[handgun]]s.
* [[June 12]] – The [[United States Department of the Treasury]] unveils a new [[United States dollar|$50 bill]], meant to be more difficult to [[counterfeit]].
* [[June 13]] – A jury sentences Timothy McVeigh to [[capital punishment|death]] for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.
* [[June 16]] – [[Dairat Labguer massacre]] in Algeria; about 50 killed.
* [[June 19]] – The fast food chain [[McDonald's]] wins a partial victory in its libel trial, known as the [[McLibel case]], against 2 environmental campaigners. The judge decides it was true that McDonald's targeted its advertising at children, who pestered their parents into visiting the company's restaurants.
* [[June 25]] – An unmanned [[Progress spacecraft]] collides with the Russian space station Mir.
* [[June 26]] – [[Bertie Ahern]] is appointed as the 10th [[Taoiseach]] of the [[Republic of Ireland]] and [[Mary Harney]] is appointed as the 16th, and first female, [[Tánaiste]], after their parties, [[Fianna Fáil]] and the [[Progressive Democrats]] respectively, win the [[Irish General Election, 1997|1997 General Election]].
===July===
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{{Month3|7|1|0}}
* [[July 1]] – The [[United Kingdom]] [[Transfer of the sovereignty of Hong Kong|hands sovereignty]] of [[Hong Kong]] to the People's Republic of China.
* [[July 4]] – [[NASA]]'s [[Mars Pathfinder|Pathfinder]] space probe lands on the surface of [[Mars (planet)|Mars]].
* [[July 5]] – In Cambodia, [[Hun Sen]] of the [[Cambodian People's Party]] overthrows [[Norodom Ranariddh]] in a [[coup]].
* [[July 8]] – [[Mayo Clinic]] researchers warn that the [[dieting]] drug "[[fen-phen]]" can cause severe [[heart]] and [[lung]] damage.
* [[July 8]] – [[NATO]] invites the [[Czech Republic]], [[Hungary]], and [[Poland]] to join the alliance in 1999.
* [[July 10]] – In [[London]], scientists report their [[DNA]] analysis findings from a [[Neanderthal]] skeleton, which support the [[out of Africa theory]] of [[human evolution]], placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
* [[July 10]] – [[Miguel Ángel Blanco]] is kidnapped in [[Ermua]], Spain and murdered by the [[ETA]].
* [[July 11]] – 90 die in [[Thailand]]'s worst hotel fire at [[Pattaya]].
* [[July 13]] – The remains of [[Che Guevara]] are returned to [[Cuba]] for burial, alongside some of his comrades.
* [[July 16]] – The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 63.17 to close at 8,038.88. It is the Dow's [[Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average|first close]] above 8,000. The Dow has doubled its value in 30 months.
* [[July 17]] – The [[F.W. Woolworth Company]] closes after 117 years in business.
* [[July 21]] – The fully restored [[USS Constitution]] (aka "[[Old Ironsides]]") celebrates her 200th birthday by setting sail for the first time in 116 years.
* [[July 23]] – [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] files [[Competition law|antitrust]] charges against chipmaker [[Intel]].
* [[July 25]] – [[K.R. Narayanan]] is sworn in as [[India]]'s 10th president and the first member of the [[Dalit (outcaste)|Dalit caste]] to hold this office.
* [[July 27]] – About 50 are killed in the [[Si Zerrouk massacre]] in Algeria.
===August===
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{{Month3|8|4|0}}
* [[August 1]] – [[Boeing]] and [[McDonnell Douglas]] complete a merger.
* [[August 2]] – Australian ski instructor [[Stuart Diver]] is rescued as the sole survivor from the [[1997 Thredbo landslide|Thredbo landslide]] in [[New South Wales]], in which 18 died.
* [[August 3]] – [[Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre]] in Algeria; 40-76 villagers killed.
* [[August 4]] – 185,000 [[Teamsters]] Union [[United Parcel Service]] drivers walk off the job.
* [[August 6]] – [[Microsoft]] buys a $150 million share of financially troubled [[Apple Computer]].
* [[August 6]] – 228 die as [[Korean Air Flight 801]] crash lands at [[Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport|Guam International Airport]].
* [[August 13]] – In [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]], [[Cruzeiro Esporte Clube|Cruzeiro]] wins [[Sporting Cristal]] of [[Peru]] by 1-0 and are [[Copa Libertadores de América]] champions by second time.
* [[August 20]] – [[Souhane massacre]] in Algeria; over 60 killed, 15 kidnapped.
* [[August 25]] – [[Egon Krenz]] is convicted of a shoot-to-kill [[Berlin Wall]] policy.
* [[August 26]] – [[Beni-Ali massacre]] in Algeria; 60-100 killed.
* [[August 26]] – The [[Independent International Commission on Decommissioning]] is set up in [[Northern Ireland]], as part of a peace process.
* [[August 29]] – [[Rais massacre]] in Algeria; over 98 (and possibly up to 400) killed.
* [[August 31]] – [[Diana, Princess of Wales]], is taken to hospital after a car crash shortly after midnight in the Pont de l'Alma road tunnel in [[Paris]]. She is pronounced dead at 04:00.
===September===
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[[Image:Diana's funeral.jpg|thumb|The funeral cortege of [[Diana, Princess of Wales]] on route to [[Westminster Abbey]] from [[Kensington Palace]].]]
{{Month3|9|0|0}}
* [[September 3]] – [[Arizona]] Governor [[Fife Symington]] is convicted for various crimes tied to his [[real estate]] business, effectively forcing him out of office.
* [[September 4]] – In [[Lorain, Ohio]], the last [[Ford Thunderbird]] for three years rolls off the [[assembly line]].
* [[September 5]] – [[Beni-Messous massacre]] in Algeria; over 87 killed.
* [[September 5]] – The [[International Olympic Committee]] picks [[Athens, Greece]] to be the host city for the [[2004 Summer Olympics]].
* [[September 5]] – [[Mother Theresa of Calcutta]] dies of heart failure in [[Kolkata]], [[India]].
* [[September 6]] – The funeral of Princess Diana takes place at [[Westminster Abbey]], watched by over 2 billion people worldwide.
* [[September 6]] – A [[Jean Michel Jarre]] [[List of Jean-Michel Jarre concerts#Oxygene in Moscow|Oxygene in Moscow]] concert, celebrating the city's 850th anniversary, draws 3.5 million people.
* [[September 7]] – First test flight of the [[F-22 Raptor]].
* [[September 11]] – [[Scotland]] votes to create its own Parliament after 290 years of union with [[England]].
* [[September 13]] – [[Iraq disarmament crisis]]: An Iraqi military officer attacks an UNSCOM weapons inspector on board an UNSCOM helicopter while the inspector was attempting to take photographs of unauthorized movement of Iraqi vehicles inside a site designated for inspection
* [[September 15]] – [[Norwegian parliamentary election, 1997]]
* [[September 17]] – Iraq disarmament crisis: While waiting for access to a site, UNSCOM inspectors witness and videotape Iraqi guards moving files, burning documents, and dumping waste cans into a nearby river.
* [[September 18]] – [[Wales]] votes in favour of [[devolution]] and the formation of a [[National Assembly]].
* [[September 19]] – [[Guelb El-Kebir massacre]] in Algeria; 53 killed.
* [[September 21]] – The [[Islamic Salvation Army]], the [[Islamic Salvation Front]]s' armed wing, declares a unilateral ceasefire in Algeria.
* [[September 22]] – [[Bentalha massacre]] in Algeria; over 200 villagers killed.
* [[September 25]] – Iraq disarmament crisis: UNSCOM inspector Dr. Diane Seaman catches several Iraqi men sneaking out the back door of an inspection site, with log books for the creation of prohibited bacteria and chemicals.
* [[September 26]] – An air crash in [[Indonesia]] kills 234 people (likely caused by smoke rising from numerous forest fires in the area). -see [[Garuda Indonesia Flight 152]]
* [[September 26]] – An [[earthquake]] strikes the [[Italy|Italian]] regions of [[Umbria]] and [[Marche]], causing part of the [[Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi|Basilica of St. Francis]] at [[Assisi]] to collapse.
* [[September 27]] – The [[Catholic]] diocese of [[Požega, Croatia|Požega]] is founded.
===October===
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{{Month3|10|2|0}}
* [[October 1]] – [[Luke Woodham]] walks into Pearl High School in [[Pearl, Mississippi]] and opens fire, killing two girls, after killing his mother earlier that morning .
* [[October 2]] – [[United Kingdom|British]] scientists Moira Bruce and John Collinge, with their colleagues, independently show that the new variant form of the [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]] is the same disease as [[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy]].
* [[October 4]] – One million men gather for [[Promise Keepers]]' "Stand in the Gap" event in [[Washington, DC]].
* [[October 4]] – The [[Loomis Fargo Bank Robbery (1997)|second largest cash robbery]] in [[U.S. history]] ($17.3 million, mostly in small bills) occurred at the [[Charlotte, North Carolina]] office of [[Wells Fargo]]. An [[FBI]] investigation eventually resulted in 24 convictions and the recovery of approximately 95% of the stolen cash.
* [[October 11]] – The [[mixed martial arts]] organization [[PRIDE Fighting Championships]] holds its inaugural event at the Tokyo Dome in Tokyo, Japan. In the main event [[Rickson Gracie]] defeats [[Nobuhiko Takada]] by armbar.
* [[October 12]] – [[Sidi Daoud massacre]] in Algeria: 43 are killed at a false roadblock.
* [[October 15]] – [[Andy Green]] sets the first supersonic [[land speed record]] for the [[ThrustSSC]] team, led by [[Richard Noble]] of the UK. ThrustSSC goes through the flying mile course at Black Rock Desert, Nevada at an average speed of 1,227.985 km/h (763.035 mph).
* [[October 15]] – [[NASA]] launches the [[Cassini-Huygens]] probe to Saturn.
* [[October 16]] – First color photograph on the front page of the [[New York Times]] appears.
* [[October 17]] – The remains of [[Che Guevara]] are laid to rest with full military honours in a specially built mausoleum in the city of Santa Clara, [[Cuba]], where he had won the decisive battle of the Cuban Revolution 39 years before.
* [[October 26]] – [[Michael Schumacher]] commits the infamous ''Dry Sac'' corner incident at the [[Circuito Permanente de Jerez]] track, an act for which he was disqualified from the 1997 season by the FIA and crucified in the press.
* [[October 26]] – The [[Florida Marlins]] win the [[1997 World Series]] against the [[Cleveland Indians]].
* [[October 27]] – [[Stock market]]s around the world [[October 27, 1997 mini-crash|crash]] because of a global [[world economy|economic]] crisis scare. The [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] follows suit and plummets 554.26, or 7.18%, to 7,161.15. The points loss exceeds the loss from [[Black Monday (1987)|Black Monday]]. Officials at the [[New York Stock Exchange]] for the first time invoke the "circuit breaker" rule to stop trading.
* [[October 28]] – In the U.S., the Dow Jones Industrial Average gains a record 337.17 points, closing at 7,498.32. One billion shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange for the first time ever.
* [[October 29]] – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq says it will begin shooting down [[Lockheed U-2]] surveillance planes being used by UNSCOM inspectors.
* [[October 30]] – In [[Newton, Massachusetts]], British au pair [[Louise Woodward]] is found guilty of the [[baby-shaking]] death of eight-month-old Matthew Eappen.
===November===
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[[Image:Mary McAleese.jpg|thumb|[[Mary McAleese]].]]
{{Month3|11|5|0}}
* [[November 3]] – In [[France]], striking truck drivers blockade ports during a pay dispute.
* [[November 10]] – Telecom companies [[WorldCom]] and [[MCI Communications]] announce a US$37 billion merger to form [[MCI WorldCom]] (the largest merger in US history).
* [[November 10]] – A [[Fairfax, Virginia]] jury finds [[Mir Aimal Kasi]] guilty of murdering 2 [[CIA]] employees in 1993.
* [[November 11]] – [[Mary McAleese]] is elected the eighth [[President of Ireland]].
* [[November 12]] – [[Ramzi Yousef]] is found guilty of masterminding the [[World Trade Center 1993 bombings]].
* [[November 16]] – The [[Toronto Argonauts]] win their second consecutive Canadian Football League title by defeating the [[Saskatchewan Roughriders]] 47-23 to win the [[85th Grey Cup]] at [[Commonwealth Stadium (Edmonton)|Commonwealth Stadium]] in [[Edmonton, Alberta]].
* [[November 17]] – In [[Luxor]], [[Egypt]], 62 people are killed by 6 [[Islam]]ic militants outside the [[Temple of Hatshepsut]].
* [[November 19]] – In [[Des Moines, Iowa]], Bobbi McCaughey gives birth to [[McCaughey septuplets|septuplets]] in the second known case where all seven babies are born alive.
* [[November 27]] – [[NASA]]'s [[Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission]] is launched, the start of satellite component of the [[Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System]].
===December===
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{{Month3|12|0|0}}
* [[December 3]] – In [[Ottawa]], [[Canada]], representatives from 121 countries sign a [[treaty]] prohibiting the manufacture and deployment of anti-personnel [[land mine]]s. However, the [[United States]], the People's Republic of China, and Russia, do not sign the treaty.
* [[December 5]] – [[John O'Shaugnessey]], 32, admits the rape and murder of 9-year-old Kayleigh Ward at [[Chester Crown Court]]. The trial judge sentences O'Shaugnessey, of [[Blacon]], [[Chester]], to life imprisonment with a recommendation that he should serve at least 30 years before being considered for parole.
* [[December 8]] – [[Myra Hindley]], one of the [[Moors murders|Moors murderers]] arrives at the [[High Court of Justice]] to contest a recent [[Home Secretary]]'s decision that she should remain in prison until she dies.
* [[December 11]] – The [[Kyoto Protocol]] is adopted by a [[United Nations]] [[United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change#COP-3.2C_The_Kyoto_Protocol_on_Climate_Change|committee]].
* [[December 12]] – Demonstrations in state capitals of Australia against the [[WTO]] and [[IMF]].
* [[December 16]] – "[[Dennō Senshi Porigon]]" shown, causing seizures,= and other illness.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
* [[December 18]] – [[Myra Hindley]] loses her High Court appeal against the government's decision to keep her behind bars for the rest of her life.
* [[December 19]] The highest-grossing movie of all time, [[James Cameron]]'s ''[Titanic (1997 film)|[[Titanic]]'', premiers in the U.S.
* [[December 24]] – [[Sid El-Antri massacre]] in Algeria: 50-100 villagers are killed.
* [[December 27]] – [[Ulster loyalism|Ulster loyalist]] [[paramilitary]] leader [[Billy Wright (terrorist)|Billy Wright]] is assassinated in [[Northern Ireland]], inside [[Maze (HM Prison)|Long Kesh]] prison.
* [[December 29]] – [[Hong Kong]] begins to kill all the [[chicken]]s within its territory (1.25 million) to stop the spread of a potentially deadly [[influenza]] strain.
* [[December 30]] – [[Wilaya of Relizane massacres of December 30, 1997]]: In the worst incident in Algeria's insurgency, 400 are killed from four villages in the ''wilaya'' of [[Relizane]].
<!-- IF THIS CHRONOLOGY IS SPLIT INTO ARTICLES, see top note. -->
===Undated===
* The [[Toyota Prius]] comes to showrooms, only in [[Japan]]. The Prius was the first hybrid vehicle to go into full production. It would come to U.S. showrooms in 2000.
===Fictional===
* The 1984 film [[The Terminator]] and its sequel, [[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]], both referenced the year 1997 as the time in which the fictional computer entity Skynet would launch a nuclear attack on mankind on [[August 29]].
* The 1987 NES RPG-game, [[Crystalis]], references October 1, 1997 as the day when a terrible war takes place and the whole human kind goes back in time, therefore, strange animals populate in cities and a few build a tower that goes high into sky.
* The [[John Carpenter]]'s 1981 film [[Escape from New York]] is set in 1997 of a United States so crime-ridden that Manhattan Island in New York City has become a maximum security prison.
==Births==
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{{Year in other calendars}}
* [[January 9]] – [[Lauryn McClain]], American actress and singer
* [[January 13]] – [[Marius Borg Høiby]], son of Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway
* [[January 14]] – Nastya and Masha Tolmachevy ([[The Tolmachevy Twins]]), Russian singers
* [[January 24]] – [[Jonah Bobo]], American actor
* [[February 10]] – [[Chloe Moretz]], American actress
* [[March 3]] – [[Maria Francisca Isabel de Bragança]], daughter of [[Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza]]
* [[March 27]] – [[Princess Aisha bint Al Faisal|Princess Aisha of Jordan]]
* [[March 27]] – [[Princess Sara bint Al Faisal|Princess Sara of Jordan]]
* [[May 1]] – [[Ariel Gade]], American actress
* [[May 18]] – [[Alana Etheridge]], American actress
* [[June 20]] – [[Maria Lark]], Russian-born American actress
* [[July 15]] – [[Prince Lukás of Bulgaria]]
* [[July 20]] – [[Billi Bruno]], American actress
* [[July 22]] – [[Field Cate]], American actor
* [[August 25]] – [[Holly Gibbs]], English actress
* [[September 8]] – [[Kimberlea Berg]], English actress
* [[October 8]] – [[Connor Carmody]], American actor
* [[October 8]] – [[Bella Thorne]], American actress/model
* [[October 12]] – [[Prince Boris of Bulgaria]], second in line to the Bulgarian throne,
* [[October 31]] – [[Sydney Park (person)|Sydney Park]], American actress and comedian
* [[November 1]] – [[Alex Wolff|Alexander Draper Wolff]], American actor and drummer
* [[November 13]] – [[Brent Kinsman]], American actor
* [[November 13]] – [[Shane Kinsman]], American Actor
* [[November 19]] – [[McCaughey septuplets]], the world's first set of septuplets to survive infancy
==Deaths==
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===January – June===
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* [[January 1]] – [[Townes Van Zandt]], American folk singer (b. [[1944]])
* [[January 4]] – [[Harry Helmsley]], American real estate mogul (b. [[1909]])
* [[January 6]] – [[Catherine Scorsese]], Italian-American actress (b. [[1912]])
* [[January 10]] – [[Sheldon Leonard]], American producer, actor, director (b. [[1907]])
* [[January 10]] – [[Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd]], Scottish chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1907]])
* [[January 12]] – [[Charles B. Huggins]], Canadian-born cancer researcher, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1901]])
* [[January 16]] – [[Ennis Cosby]], comedian Bill Cosby's son (b. [[1969]])
* [[January 17]] – [[Clyde Tombaugh]], American astronomer (b. [[1906]])
* [[January 19]] – [[James Dickey]], American poet and novelist (b. [[1923]])
* [[January 20]] – [[Curt Flood]], American baseball player (b. [[1938]])
* [[January 21]] – [[Colonel Tom Parker]], Dutch-born celebrity manager (b. [[1909]])
* [[January 31]] – [[Johnny Klein]], American drummer (b. [[1918]])
* [[February 1]] – [[Herb Caen]], American newspaper columnist (b. [[1916]])
* [[February 2]] – [[Chico Science]], Brazilian musician (automobile accident) (b. [[1967]])
* [[February 5]] – [[Pamela Harriman]], U.S. Ambassador to France (b. [[1920]])
* [[February 11]] – [[Don Porter]], American actor (b. [[1912]])
* [[February 17]] – [[Zein Isa]], Palestinian militant imprisoned in the [[United States]] for the [[honor killing]] of his daughter
* [[February 19]] – [[Deng Xiaoping]], leader of the People's Republic of China (b. [[1904]])
* [[February 23]] – [[Tony Williams]], American musician (b. [[1945]])
* [[February 28]] – [[Larry Eugene Phillips, Jr.]] and [[Emil Dechebal Matasareanu]], shooters in the [[North Hollywood shootout]].
* [[March 4]] – [[Robert H. Dicke]], American experimental physicist (b. [[1916]])
* [[March 4]] – [[Carey Loftin]], American actor and stuntman (b. [[1914]])
* [[March 6]] – [[Cheddi Jagan]], [[President of Guyana]] (b. [[1918]])
* [[March 7]] – [[Edward Mills Purcell]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1912]])
* [[March 7]] – [[Martin Kippenberger]], German artist (b. [[1953]])
* [[March 9]] – [[The Notorious B.I.G.]], American rapper (b. [[1972]])
* [[March 9]] – [[Terry Nation]],Scriptwriter (b. [[1930]])
* [[March 10]] – [[La Vern Baker]], American singer (b. [[1929]])
* [[March 14]] – [[Fred Zinnemann]], Austrian-born director (b. [[1907]])
* [[March 17]] – [[Jermaine Stewart]], American singer (b. [[1957]])
* [[March 19]] – [[Willem de Kooning]], Dutch artist (b. [[1904]])
* [[March 20]] – [[Tony Zale]], American boxer (b. [[1913]])
* [[March 21]] – [[W.V. Awdry]], British children's writer (b. [[1911]])
* [[April 5]] – [[Allen Ginsberg]], American poet (b. [[1926]])
* [[April 7]] – [[Witto Aloma]], Cuban [[Major League Baseball]] player (b. [[1923]])
* [[April 7]] – [[Georgi Shonin]], cosmonaut (b. [[1935]])
* [[April 12]] – [[George Wald]], American scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1903]])
* [[April 15]] – [[Mildred Cleghorn]], chairwoman of the Fort Sill Apache tribe (b. [[1910]])
* [[April 16]] – [[Doris Angleton]], American socialite (b. [[1951]])
* [[April 16]] – [[Roland Topor]], French illustrator (b. [[1938]])
* [[April 19]] – [[Eldon Hoke|El Duce]], American singer/drummer ([[The Mentors]]) (b. [[1958]])
* [[April 20]] – [[Henry Mucci]], American Colonel of the 98th Ranger Battalion (b. [[1909]])
* [[April 22]] – [[Baroness Seear]], President of the UK Liberal Party (b. [[1913]])
* [[May 2]] – [[John Carew Eccles]], Australian neurophysiologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1903]])
* [[May 5]] – [[Walter Gotell]], German actor (b. [[1924]])
* [[May 14]] – [[Harry Blackstone Jr.]], American magician (b. [[1934]])
* [[May 22]] – [[Alfred Hershey]], American biochemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1908]])
* [[May 23]] – [[James Lee Byars]], American artist (b. [[1932]])
* [[May 24]] – [[Edward Mulhare]], Irish actor (b. [[1923]])
* [[May 29]] – [[Jeff Buckley]], American musician (drowned) (b. [[1966]])
* [[May 31]] – [[James Bennett Griffin]], American archaeologist (b. [[1905]])
* [[June 3]] – [[Dennis James]], American game show host (b. [[1917]])
* [[June 12]] – [[Bulat Okudzhava]], [[Soviet]] non-mainstream singer of [[Georgian people|Georgian]] descent (b. [[1924]])
* [[June 22]] – [[Gérard Pelletier]], French journalist, politician and diplomat (b. [[1919]])
* [[June 23]] – [[Betty Shabazz]], widow of [[Malcolm X]] (b. [[1936]])
* [[June 24]] – [[Brian Keith]], American actor (b. [[1921]])
* [[June 25]] – [[Jacques-Yves Cousteau]], French explorer (b. [[1910]])
* [[June 26]] – [[Israel Kamakawiwo'ole]], Hawaiian singer (b. [[1959]])
* [[June 28]] – [[Mrs. Miller]], American singer (b. [[1907]])
===July – December===
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* [[July 1]] – [[Robert Mitchum]], American actor (b. [[1917]])
* [[July 2]] – [[James Stewart (actor)|James Stewart]], American actor (b. [[1908]])
* [[July 4]] – [[Charles Kuralt]], American television reporter (b. [[1934]])
* [[July 4]] – [[John Zachary Young]], British biologist (b. [[1907]])
* [[July 15]] – [[Gianni Versace]], Italian fashion designer (murdered) (b. [[1946]])
*[[July 18]] – [[Eugene Shoemaker]], American astrologist (b. [[1928]])
* [[July 20]] – [[John Akii-Bua]] Ugandan hurdler (b. [[1949]])
* [[July 23]] – [[Chuhei Nambu]], Japanese athlete (b. [[1904]])
* [[July 24]] – [[William J. Brennan]], U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. [[1906]])
* [[August 2]] – [[William S. Burroughs]], American author (b. [[1914]])
* [[August 2]] – [[Fela Kuti]], Nigerian musician and political activist (b. [[1938]])
* [[August 4]] – [[Jeanne Calment]], French supercentenarian and the oldest living person ever documented in history. (b. [[1875]])
* [[August 8]] – [[Sviatoslav Richter]], Ukrainian pianist (b. [[1915]])
* [[August 10]] – [[Conlon Nancarrow]], American-born composer (b. [[1912]])
* [[August 12]] – [[Luther Allison]], American musician (b. [[1939]])
* [[August 16]] – [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]], Pakistani Qwalli artist (b. [[1948]])
* [[August 21]] – [[Yuri Nikulin]], Russian actor
* [[August 23]] – [[John Kendrew]], British molecular biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (b. [[1917]])
* [[August 24]] – [[Louis Essen]], English physicist (b. [[1908]])
* [[August 31]] – [[Diana, Princess of Wales]] (car accident) (b. [[1961]])
* [[August 31]] – [[Dodi Al-Fayed]], Egyptian businessman (the same automobile accident) (b. [[1955]])
* [[September 2]] – [[Rudolph Bing]], Austrian opera manager (b. [[1902]])
* [[September 2]] – [[Viktor Frankl]], Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist (b. [[1905]])
* [[September 5]] – [[Georg Solti]], Hungarian conductor (b. [[1912]])
* [[September 5]] – [[Mother Teresa]], Albanian missionary and humanitarian, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1910]])
* [[September 7]] – [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], president of [[Zaire]] (b. [[1930]])
* [[September 9]] – [[Burgess Meredith]], American actor (b. [[1907]])
* [[September 17]] – [[Red Skelton]], American comedian (b. [[1913]])
* [[September 18]] – [[Jimmy Witherspoon]], [[blues]] singer (b. [[1920]])
* [[September 19]] – [[Rich Mullins]], American musician (b. [[1955]])
* [[September 25]] – [[Jean Françaix]], French composer (b. [[1912]])
* [[September 27]] – [[Walter Trampler]], American violist (b. [[1915]])
* [[October 1]] – [[Jerome H. Lemelson]], American inventor (b. [[1923]])
* [[October 4]] – [[Gunpei Yokoi]], Japanese video game franchise creator (b. [[1941]])
* [[October 5]] – [[Brian Pillman]], American professional wrestler (b. [[1962]])
* [[October 6]] – [[Adrienne Hill]], British actress
* [[October 6]] – [[Johnny Vander Meer]], baseball player (b. [[1914]])
* [[October 12]] – [[John Denver]], American musician (b. [[1943]])
* [[October 19]] – [[Glen Buxton]], American guitarist (b. [[1947]])
* [[October 22]] – [[Leonid Amalrik]], Russian animator (b. [[1905]])
* [[October 23]] – [[Bert Haanstra]], Dutch filmmaker (b. [[1916]])
* [[October 24]] – [[Don Messick]], American voice actor (b. [[1926]])
* [[October 29]] – [[Anton Szandor LaVey]], American founder of the Church of Satan (b. [[1930]])
* [[November 4]] – [[Eddie Arcaro]], American Hall of Fame Jockey (b. [[1916]])
* [[November 5]] – [[James Robert Baker]], American novelist and screenwriter (b. [[1946]])
* [[November 5]] – Sir [[Isaiah Berlin]], Russian historian of ideas (b. [[1909]])
* [[November 11]] – [[Rodney Milburn]], American athlete (b. [[1950]])
* [[November 12]] – [[Carlos Surinach]], Spanish composer (b. [[1915]])
* [[November 15]] – [[Douglas MacArthur II]], nephew of [[World War II]] General [[Douglas MacArthur]] (b. [[1909]])
* [[November 17]] – [[John Wimber]], American leader of the Vineyard Movement (b. [[1934]])
* [[November 21]] – [[Robert Simpson (composer)|Robert Simpson]], English composer (b. [[1921]])
* [[November 22]] – [[Michael Hutchence]], Australian musician (b. [[1960]])
* [[November 25]] – [[Monique Serf]], French singer (b. [[1930]])
* [[November 30]] – [[Kathy Acker]], American author (b. [[1947]])
* [[December 2]] – [[Shirley Crabtree]], British wrestler best known as Big Daddy (b. [[1930]])
* [[December 2]] – [[Michael Hedges]], American composer and guitarist (b. [[1953]])
* [[December 18]] – [[Chris Farley]], American actor and comedian (b. [[1964]])
* [[December 19]] – [[David Schramm]], American astrophysicist (b. [[1945]])
* [[December 20]] – [[Denise Levertov]], English-born American poet (b. [[1923]])
* [[December 21]] – [[Amie Comeaux]], American country singer (b. [[1976]])
* [[December 24]] – [[Toshirō Mifune]], Japanese actor (b. [[1920]])
* [[December 25]] – [[Denver Pyle]], American actor (b. [[1920]])
* [[December 27]] – [[Billy Wright (terrorist)|Billy Wright]], Irish paramilitary leader (b. [[1960]])
===Unknown dates===
{{C20YearTOCright}}
* [[Laurence Henry Hicks]], Australian composer (b. [[1912]])
==Nobel prizes==
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Paul D. Boyer]], [[John E. Walker]], [[Jens C. Skou]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Economics]] – [[Bank of Sweden]] – [[Robert C. Merton]], [[Myron Scholes]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] – [[Dario Fo]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] – [[ICBL|International Campaign to Ban Landmines]] and [[Jody Williams]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Steven Chu]], [[Claude Cohen-Tannoudji]], [[William D. Phillips]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[Stanley B. Prusiner]]
==Templeton Prize==
* [[Pandurang Shastri Athavale]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commonscat_left|1997}}
{{Events by month}}
[[Category:1997| ]]
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