1st century
34628
225801382
2008-07-15T13:47:30Z
Arthur Rubin
374195
rm * [[Gautama Buddha]]; article states [[5th century BC]] to [[4th century BC]]
{{Centurybox}}
[[Image:East-Hem 001ad.jpg|thumb|300px|Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 1st century AD.]]
[[Image:East-Hem 100ad.jpg|thumb|300px|Eastern Hemisphere at the end of the 1st century AD.]]
The '''1st century''' was that [[century]] that lasted from [[1]] to [[100]] according the [[Gregorian calendar]]. It is considered part of the ''[[Classical era]], epoch, or [[History by period|historical period]]''
During this period Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the [[Roman Empire]], which continued expanding, most notably conquering [[Britannia|Britain]] under the emperor [[Claudius]] ([[43]]). The reforms introduced by [[Augustus]] during his long reign stabilized the empire after the turmoil of the previous century's civil wars. Later in the century the [[Julio-Claudian Dynasty]], which had been founded by [[Augustus]] came to an end with the death of [[Nero]] in [[68]]. There followed the famous [[Year of Four Emperors]], a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by [[Vespasian]], 9th Roman emperor, and founder of the [[Flavian Dynasty]].
China continued to be dominated by the [[Han Dynasty]], despite a 14 year interruption by the [[Xin dynasty]] under [[Wang Mang]]. Han rule was restored in [[23]]; Wang Mang's rule represents the watershed between the Western/Former Han and the Eastern/Later Han. The capital was also moved from Chang'an to Luoyang.
==Christianity==
{{main|Early Christianity}}
According to the [[New Testament]], during the reign of [[Tiberius]], [[Jesus]], a religious teacher from [[Galilee]], was crucified in [[Judea]] for bringing a new religion in the unstable region. Over the next few decades his followers carried his message far and wide, eventually introducing it to Rome itself. Roman rulers began to [[Persecution of Christians|persecute]] the new sect almost immediately, and would continue to do so for centuries, sometimes vigorously, and other times passively, until [[Christianity]] was eventually taken up by the emperor [[Constantine I|Constantine]], and later established as the official religion of the Roman state.
==Events and economy==
[[Image:Ring Lady.JPG|right|thumb|150px|The skeleton called the "Ring Lady" unearthed in Herculaneum, one of the victims of the eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] in [[79]]]].
*[[1]]: [[Lion]]s became [[extinct]] in [[Western Europe]].
*c.6: [[Census of Quirinius]]
*[[8]]–[[23]]: [[Wang Mang]] temporarily overthrew the [[Han dynasty]] of [[China]].
*[[9]]: Three Roman legions were ambushed and destroyed at [[Teutoberg Forest]] by Germans under the leadership of [[Arminius]].
*[[14]]: [[Augustus Caesar]], first emperor of Rome, dies. His nephew [[Tiberius]] is his successor.
*[[28]]–[[75]]: [[Emperor Ming of Han]], [[Buddhism]] reaches [[China]].
*[[27]]–[[36]]: [[Crucifixion]] of [[Jesus Christ]]. [[Death of Jesus]].
*[[Masoretes]] adds vowel pointings to the text of the [[Tanakh]], the [[Hebrew Bible]].
*[[Buddhist]] monks in [[Sri Lanka]] first write down [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]'s teachings, creating the [[Pāli|Pali]] canon.
*[[Tacitus]] mentions the [[Suiones]], who will one day be called the [[Swedish people|Swedes]].
*[[Kaundinya]], an [[India]]n [[Brahmin]] marries [[Soma (queen)|Soma]] and establishes the Pre-[[Angkor]] [[Cambodian Kingdom]] of [[Funan]].
*The [[Goths]] settle in northern [[Poland]], which they called [[Gothiscandza]], and shape the [[Wielbark culture]].
*[[Christian]] [[Council of Jerusalem]].
*52 (?) Arrival of [[Apostle Thomas]] to Malabar, India.Beginning of [[Christianity]] in [[India]]
*[[July 19]], [[64]]: [[Great Fire of Rome]], first Roman mass [[Persecution of Christians]], earliest significant recognition of [[Christians]] in [[Rome]].
*[[66]]–[[73]] [[First Jewish-Roman War]].
*[[70]], August: destruction of [[Herod's Temple]] in [[Jerusalem]] by the Romans under [[Titus]].
*[[79]], August: [[Pompeii]] and [[Herculaneum]] destroyed by eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]].
*[[Jewish]] [[Council of Jamnia]].
*Spread of the [[Roman Empire]], reaches largest size under [[Trajan]].
*[[Arena (colosseum)]] is constructed, origin of the name [[Arena]].
*Late 1st century — Cityscape, detail of a Second Style wall painting from a bedroom in the House of [[Publius Fannius Synistor]], [[Boscoreale]], is made. It is now at The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York]].
*The painting "Alexander the Great confronts Darius III at the Battle of Issos", detail of mosaic floor decoration from [[Pompeii]], [[Italy]] is made. It is a Roman copy after a Greek painting of c. [[310 BC]], perhaps by [[Philoxenos]] or Helen of Egypt. It is now at [[Museo Archeologico Nazionale]], [[Naples]], [[Italy]].
==Significant people==
[[Image:Acaugustus.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Bronze statue of Augustus, Archaeological Museum, Athens.]]
[[Image:Caligula bust.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Bust of Caligula.]]
* [[Apollonius of Tyana]]
* [[Rabbi Akiva|Akiba]]
* [[Arminius]]
* [[Boudica]], also known as Boadicea
* [[Augustus]]
* [[Caligula]]
* [[Claudius]]
* [[Pope Clement I|Clement I of Rome]]
* [[Decebalus]]
* [[Domitian]]
* [[Du Shi]]
* [[Elisha ben Abuyah]]
* [[Galba]]
* [[Germanicus]]
* [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Guangwu of Han, Emperor]]
* [[Hero of Alexandria]]
* [[Hillel the Elder]]
* [[Ignatius of Antioch]]
* [[James the Just]]
* [[Historical Jesus|Jesus]] of [[Nazareth]]
* [[John the Baptist]]
* [[Josephus]]
* [[Liu Xin]]
* [[Livy]]
* [[Ma Yuan (Han Dynasty)|Ma Yuan]]
* [[Emperor Ming of Han|Ming of Han, Emperor]]
* [[Nero]]
* [[Nerva]]
* [[Otho]]
* [[Paul of Tarsus]]
* [[Philo]]
* [[Pliny the Elder]]
* [[Pontius Pilate]]
* [[Seneca the Younger]]
* [[Strabo]]
* [[Gaius Cornelius Tacitus|Tacitus]]
* [[Thomas the Apostle]]
* [[Tiberius]]
* [[Titus]]
* [[Trajan]]
* [[Vespasian]]
* [[Vitellius]]
* [[Wang Chong]]
* [[Wang Mang]]
==Inventions, discoveries, introductions==
* [[Codex]], the first form of the modern book, appears in the Roman empire
* Year [[78]] — the beginning of the Saka Era used by South Asian calendars.
* [[Bookbinding]]
* Various inventions by [[Hero of Alexandria]], including the [[steam turbine]] (aeolipile), [[vending machine]], [[water organ]], and various other water-powered machines.
*In [[31]], the [[Han Dynasty]] Chinese engineer and statesman [[Du Shi]] (d. [[38]]) from [[Nanyang]] invented the first-known [[hydraulic]]-powered [[bellows]] to heat the [[blast furnace]] in smelting [[cast iron]]. He used a complex mechanical device that was powered by the rushing current against a [[waterwheel]], a practice that would continue in China.
*Although [[Philo of Byzantium]] described the saqiya [[chain pump]] in the early 2nd century BC, the square-pallet [[chain pump]] was innovated in China during this century, mentioned first by the philosopher [[Wang Chong]] around 80 AD. Wang Chong also accurately described the [[water cycle]] in [[meteorology]], and argued against the mainstream 'radiating influence' theory for [[solar eclipse]]s, the latter of which was accepted by many, including [[Zhang Heng]].
*The Chinese astronomer [[Liu Xin]] (d. [[23]]) documented 1080 different stars, amongst other achievements.
==Decades and years==
{{DecadesAndYears}}
{{Centuries}}
{{New Testament people}}
[[Category:1st century| ]]
[[Category:1st millennium]]
[[Category:Centuries|01st century]]
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[[la:Saeculum 1]]
[[lv:1. gadsimts]]
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[[fi:Ensimmäinen vuosisata]]
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[[th:คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 1]]
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[[tr:1. yüzyıl]]
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[[vec:I secolo]]
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