2005 civil unrest in France
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2008-07-12T21:35:56Z
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{{2005 civil unrest in France}}
{{redirect2|French riots|French civil unrest|the 2007 civil unrest|2007 civil unrest in France}}
The '''[[2005]] [[civil disorder|civil unrest]] in [[France]]''' of October and November was a series of [[riot]]s and violent clashes, involving mainly the [[Arson|burning]] of [[automobile|cars]] and [[Public property|public buildings]] at night starting on [[October 27]] [[2005]] in [[Clichy-sous-Bois]]. Events spread to poor housing projects (the [[HLM|cités HLM]]) in various parts of France. A [[state of emergency]] was declared on [[November 8]] [[2005]]. It was extended for three months on [[16 November]] by the Parliament.<ref>[http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=2381422005 French emergency state ruled legal]</ref><ref>[http://paris.indymedia.org/article.php3?id_article=47874 Etat d'urgence justifié pour le ministère de l'Intérieur]</ref><ref>[http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3224,36-719688@51-704172,0.html Le Conseil d'Etat refuse de suspendre l'état d'urgence]</ref> The biggest riots since the [[May 1968]] unrest were triggered by the accidental death of two teenagers, Zyed Benna and Bouna Traoré, in [[Clichy-sous-Bois]], a working-class [[commune in France|commune]] in the eastern [[banlieue|suburbs of Paris]], who were chased by the police and tried to hide from the police in a [[electrical substation|power substation]] where they were [[electrocution|electrocuted]].
==Timeline==
{{main|Timeline of the 2005 French civil unrest}}
While unrest had been building among the juvenile population in France, action was not taken until the reopening of schools in Autumn, since most of the French population is on vacation during the late summer months. However, riots began on Thursday [[27 October]] [[2005]], triggered by the deaths of two teenagers in [[Clichy-sous-Bois]], a poor [[Commune in France|commune]] in an eastern [[banlieue]] (suburb) of Paris. Initially confined to the Paris area, the unrest subsequently spread to other areas of the [[Île-de-France (région)|Île-de-France région]], and spread through the outskirts of France's urban areas, also affecting some rural areas. After [[3 November]] it spread to other cities in France, affecting all 15 of the large [[aire urbaine|''aires urbaines'']] in the country. Thousands of vehicles were burned, and at least one person was killed by the rioters. Close to 2900 rioters were arrested.
On [[8 November]], President [[Jacques Chirac]] declared a [[state of emergency]] effective at midnight. Despite the new regulations, riots continued, though on a reduced scale, the following two nights, and again worsened the third night. On [[9 November]] and the morning of [[10 November]] a school was burned in [[Belfort]], and there was violence in [[Toulouse]], [[Lille]], [[Strasbourg]], [[Marseille]], and [[Lyon]].
On [[10 November]] and the morning of [[11 November]], violence increased overnight in the Paris region, and there were still a number of police wounded across the country.<ref>[http://tf1.lci.fr/infos/france/2005/0,,3262115,00.html Les violences se stabilisent]</ref> According to the [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Interior Minister]], violence, arson, and attacks on police worsened on the 11th and morning of the 12th, and there were further attacks on power stations, causing a blackout in the northern part of [[Amiens]].
Rioting took place in the city center of Lyon on Saturday, [[12 November]], as young people attacked cars and threw rocks at riot police who responded with tear gas. Also that night, a nursery school was torched in the southern town of Carpentras.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4430540.stm Riot erupts in French city centre]</ref>
On the night of the 14th and the morning of the 15th, 215 vehicles were burned across France and 71 people were arrested. Thirteen vehicles were torched in central Paris, compared to only one the night before. In the suburbs of Paris, firebombs were thrown at the treasury in [[Bobigny]] and at an electrical transformer in [[Clichy-sous-Bois]], the neighborhood where the disturbances started. A daycare centre in [[Cambrai]] and a tourist agency in [[Fontenay-sous-Bois]] were also attacked. Eighteen buses were damaged by arson at a depot in [[Saint-Etienne]]. The mosque in [[Saint-Chamond]] was hit by three firebombs, which did little damage.
[[Image:Scorched car in Paris suburb november 2005.jpg|thumb|The burnt car of a worker, in Paris' suburbs]]
Only 163 vehicles went up in flames on the 20th night of unrest, [[15 November]] to [[16 November|16]], leading the French government to claim that the country was returning to an "almost normal situation". During the night's events, a Roman Catholic church was burned and a vehicle was rammed into an unoccupied police station in [[Romans-sur-Isère]]. In other incidents, a police officer was injured while making an arrest after youths threw bottles of acid at the town hall in [[Pont-l'Évêque]], and a junior high school in [[Grenoble]] was set on fire. Fifty arrests were carried out across the country.<ref>[http://permanent.nouvelobs.com/societe/20051116.FAP6521.html?0833 Violences urbaines: 163 véhicules incendiés dans la nuit]</ref>
On [[16 November]], the French parliament approved a three-month extension of the [[state of emergency]] (which ended on the [[4 January]] [[2006]]) aimed at curbing riots by urban youths. The Senate on Wednesday passed the extension - a day after a similar vote in the lower house. The laws allow local authorities to impose curfews, conduct house-to-house searches and ban public gatherings. The lower house passed them by a 346-148 majority, and the Senate by 202-125.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4441246.stm France extends laws to curb riots]</ref>
A wine festival in [[Grenoble]], ''[[Beaujolais Day|Le Beaujolais nouveau]]'', ended in rioting on the night of [[18 November]], with a crowd throwing rocks and bottles at riot police. Tear gas was deployed by officers. Sixteen youths and 17 police officers were injured. Though those events might have been easily linked with the riots in Paris suburbs, it appears they differ completely in nature and might just well be considered as predictable "wine festival" casualties, caused by misunderstanding and alcohol.
==Triggering event==
[[Image:Paris riots satellite.jpg|thumb|240px|Areas of Rioting in the Paris region as of [[4 November]]]]
Citing two police investigations, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that the incident began at 17:20 on Thursday, [[27 October]] [[2005]] in Clichy-sous-Bois when police were called to a construction site to investigate a possible break-in. Three teenagers, thinking they were being chased by the police, climbed a wall to hide in a power substation. Six youths were detained by 17:50. During questioning at the police station in Livry-Gargan at 18:12, blackouts occurred at the station and in nearby areas. These were caused, police say, by the electrocution of two boys, Zyed Benna and Bouna Traoré; a third boy suffered electric shock injury from the power substation they were hiding in.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/07/international/europe/07youths.html/partner/rssnyt Behind the Furor, the Last Moments of Two Youths]</ref>
"According to statements by Mr. Altun, who remains hospitalized with injuries, a group of ten or so friends had been playing football on a nearby field and were returning home when they saw the police patrol. They all fled in different directions to avoid the lengthy questioning that youths in the housing projects say they often face from the police. They say they are required to present identity papers and can be held as long as four hours at the police station, and sometimes their parents must come before the police will release them." - NY Times<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/07/international/europe/07youths.html/partner/rssnyt Behind the Furor, the Last Moments of Two Youths]</ref>
There is controversy over whether the teens were actually being chased. The local prosecutor, François Molins, said that although they believed so, the police were actually after other suspects attempting to avoid an identity check.<ref>[http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=255694&area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__international_news/ Paris gripped by serious new riots]</ref> Molins and Interior Minister [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] maintained that the dead teenagers had not been "physically pursued" by the police. This is disputed by some: ''[[The Australian]]'' reports, "Despite denials by police officials and Sarkozy and de Villepin, friends of the boys said they were being pursued by police after a false accusation of burglary and that they "feared interrogation".
This event ignited pre-existing tensions. Protesters told [[Associated Press|The Associated Press]] the unrest was an expression of frustration with high unemployment and police harassment and brutality. "People are joining together to say we've had enough," said one protester. "We live in [[ghetto]]s. Everyone lives in fear."<ref>[http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/11/03/1545217#transcript Riots Continue in Paris Suburbs]</ref> The rioters' suburbs are also home to a large, mostly [[North Africa]]n, immigrant population, allegedly adding religious tensions, which some right-wing commentators believed contribute further to such frustrations. However, according to [[Pascal Mailhos]], head of the ''[[Renseignements Généraux]]'' (French intelligence agency) radical islamism had no influence over the 2005 civil unrest in France.<ref>[http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0%402-3224,36-713756%4051-713595,0.html L'antiterrorisme, selon le patron des RG]</ref>
==Context==
{{main|Social situation in the French suburbs}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:2005riot rioters.jpg|thumb|Rioters speak to a cameraman during the unrest (date unknown, before [[12 November]])]] -->
Commenting other demonstrations in Paris a few months later, the [[BBC]] summarized reasons behind the events included youth unemployment and lack of opportunities in France's poorest communities.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4816306.stm Q&A: French labour law row]</ref>
The head of the ''[[Direction centrale des renseignements généraux]]'' found no Islamic factor in the riots, while the ''New York Times'' reported on [[November 5]] [[2005]] that "majority of the youths committing the acts are [[Muslim]], and of [[African]] or [[North Africa]]n origin" local youths adding that "second-generation [[Portugal|Portuguese]] immigrants and even many children of native French have also taken part."<ref>[http://nytimes.com/2005/11/07/international/europe/07france.html?pagewanted=2&ei=5094&en=573c9c6c59c15188&hp&ex=1131426000&partner=homepage 10 Officers Shot as Riots Worsen in French Cities]</ref>
The BBC reported that French society's negative perceptions of [[Islam]] and social discrimination of immigrants had alienated some French Muslims and may have been a factor in the causes of the riots; "Islam is seen as the biggest challenge to the country's [[secularism|secular]] model in the past 100 years".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4375910.stm Ghettos shackle French Muslims]</ref> It reported that there was a "huge well of fury and resentment among the children of North African and African immigrants in the suburbs of French cities".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4375910.stm Ghettos shackle French Muslims]</ref> However, the editorial also questioned whether or not such alarm is justified, citing that France's Muslim ghettos are not hotbeds of [[separatism]] and that "the suburbs are full of people desperate to integrate into the wider society."<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4414442.stm Violence exposes France's weaknesses]</ref>
Racial and social discrimination against persons with dark skin or Arabic and/or African-sounding names has been cited as a major cause of unhappiness in the areas affected. According to the BBC, "Those who live there say that when they go for a job, as soon as they give their name as "Mamadou" and say they live in Clichy-sous-Bois, they are immediately told that the vacancy has been taken." The nonprofit organization ''[[SOS Racisme]]'', associated with the [[French Socialist Party]] (PS), said that after they sent identical curriculum vitae (CVs) to French companies with European- and African or Muslim-sounding names attached, they found CVs with African or Muslim sounding names were systematically discarded. In addition, they have claimed widespread use of markings indicating ethnicity in employers' databases and that discrimination is more widespread for those with college degrees than for those without.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4399748.stm French Muslims face job discrimination]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4408972.stm Clichy's 'les miserables']</ref>
==Assessment of rioting==
Assessments of the extent of violence and damage that occurred during the riots are under way. Figures may be incomplete or inaccurate. Some French media sources, including [[France 3]], have decided not to report the extent of damage to avoid any risk of inflaming the situation.
===Summary statistics===
{{see|Timeline of the 2005 French civil unrest}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* Started: 17:20 on Thursday, [[27 October]] [[2005]] in Clichy-sous-Bois.
* Towns affected: 274 (on [[7 November]]<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/11/07/france.riots/index.html France PM: Curfews to stem riots]</ref>)
* Property damage: 8,973 vehicles (Not including buildings).
* Monetary damage: Estimated at €200 Million.
{{col-2}}
* Arrests: 2,888
* Deaths: 1 ([[Jean-Jacques Le Chenadec]])
* Police and firefighters injured: 126
{{col-end}}
===Figures and tables===
Note: In the table and charts, events reported as occurring during a night and the following morning are listed as occurring on the day of the morning. The timeline article does the opposite. <!-- this should be fixed-->
<div style="float:right">
[[Image:2005 civil unrest in France.gif|thumb|Map showing the spread of civil unrest through the many different [[Région in France|regions]] of France<br />{{legend|red|Departments with more car burnings than usual}}{{legend|#AAAAAA|Departments with more car burnings than usual '''the day before'''}}
{{legend|grey|Full extent}}]]<br>
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:2005france graph.png|200px|right]] -->
</div>
{| rules="all" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; font-size: 80%; background-color: white";
|- style="background:#ccccff" align="center" |
| || day || No. of vehicles burned || arrests || extent of riots || sources
|-
|1.|| Friday [[October 28]] [[2005]] || NA || 27 || [[Clichy-sous-Bois]] || [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/10/31/news/france.php]
|-
|2.|| Saturday [[October 29]] [[2005]] || 29 || 14 || Clichy-sous-Bois || [http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20051029/wl_afp/franceriotpolice]
|-
|3.|| Sunday [[October 30]] [[2005]] || 30 || 19 || Clichy-sous-Bois || [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1604595,00.html]
|-
|4.|| Monday [[October 31]] [[2005]] || NA || NA || Clichy-sous-Bois, [[Montfermeil]] ||
|-
|5.|| Tuesday [[November 1]] [[2005]] || 69 || NA || [[Seine-Saint-Denis]] || [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,174227,00.html]
|-
|6.|| Wednesday [[November 2]] [[2005]] || 40 || NA || Seine-Saint-Denis, [[Seine-et-Marne]] [[Val-d’Oise]], [[Hauts-de-Seine]] ||
|-
|7.|| Thursday [[November 3]] [[2005]] || 315 || 29 || [[Île-de-France (région)|Île-de-France]], [[Dijon]], [[Rouen]], [[Bouches-du-Rhône]] || [http://permanent.nouvelobs.com/societe/20051104.FAP3932.html?1733]
|-
|8.|| Friday [[November 4]] [[2005]] || 596 || 78 || Île-de-France, Dijon, Rouen, Marseille || [http://permanent.nouvelobs.com/societe/20051104.FAP3932.html?1733] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4405620.stm]
|-
|9.|| Saturday [[November 5]] [[2005]] || 897 || 253 || Île-de-France, Rouen, Dijon, Marseille, [[Évreux]], [[Roubaix]], [[Tourcoing]], [[Hem]], [[Strasbourg]], [[Rennes]], [[Nantes]], [[Nice]], [[Toulouse]], [[Bordeaux]], [[Pau, France|Pau]], [[Lille]] || [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3226,36-707066@51-704172,0.html] [http://www.france-echos.com/actualite.php?cle=7518]
|-
|10.|| Sunday [[November 6]] [[2005]] || 1,295 || 312 || Île-de-France, [[Nord (département)|Nord]], [[Eure]], [[Eure-et-Loir]], [[Haute-Garonne]], [[Loire-Atlantique]], [[Essonne]].
|| [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3226,36-707066@51-704172,0.html]
|-
|11.|| Monday [[November 7]] [[2005]] || 1,408 || 395 || 274 towns in total. Île-de-France, [[Nord-Pas-de-Calais]], [[Midi-Pyrénées]], [[Rhône-Alpes]], [[Alsace]], [[Franche-Comté]]. || [http://permanent.nouvelobs.com/societe/20051106.OBS4325.html] [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/6727FE6C-C8E3-491A-B272-A902E3F3F500.htm] [http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/11/07/france.riots/index.html]
|-
|12.|| Tuesday [[November 8]] [[2005]] || 1,173 || 330 || Paris region, Lille, [[Auxerre]], Toulouse, Alsace, Lorraine, Franche-Comté || [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-706693,36-707659@51-704172,0.html] [http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/afx/2005/11/08/afx2323455.html] [http://today.reuters.com/business/newsarticle.aspx?type=tnBusinessNews&storyID=nL08772457&imageid=2005-11-07T215351Z_01_TOU02D_RTRIDSP_2_FRANCE-RIOTS.jpg&cap=A%20suburban%20bus%20burns%20in%20Reynerie,%20near%20the%20southwestern%20city%20of%20Toulouse,%20after%20youths%20set%20fire%20to%20it%20and%20three%20cars%20on%20the%2012th%20night%20of%20violence%20November%207,%202005.%20France%20announced%20plans%20on%20Monday%20to%20impose%20curfews%20on%20rundown%20suburbs%20hit%20by%20violence%20to%20try%20to%20halt%20almost%20two%20weeks%20of%20unrest%20in%20which%20one%20man%20has%20been%20killed%20and%20thousands%20of%20cars%20have%20been%20torched.%20REUTERS/Stringer]
|-
|13.|| Wednesday [[November 9]] [[2005]] || 617 || 280 || 116 towns in total. Paris region, Toulouse, [[Rhône (département)|Rhône]], [[Gironde]], [[Arras]], [[Grasse]], [[Dole, Jura|Dole]], [[Bassens]]
|| [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-706693,36-708075@51-704172,0.html][http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/11/09/france.riots/index.html]
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4419770.stm][http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-11/09/content_3756065.htm] [http://www.breitbart.com/news/2005/11/08/D8DON2L00.html]
|-
|14.|| Thursday [[November 10]] [[2005]] || 482 || 203 || Toulouse, Belfort
|| [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4423584.stm] [http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-11-10T073440Z_01_HO756911_RTRUKOC_0_UK-FRANCE-RIOTS1.xml&archived=False]
[http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3226,36-708638@51-704172,0.html]
|-
|15.|| Friday [[November 11]] [[2005]] || 463 || 201 || Toulouse, Lille, Lyon, Strasbourg, Marseille
|| [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/11/10/ap/world/mainD8DPR93GD.shtml]
|-
|16.|| Saturday [[November 12]] [[2005]] || 502 || 206 || NA || [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3226,36-709528@51-704172,0.html]
|-
|17.|| Sunday [[November 13]] [[2005]] || 374 || 212 || Lyon, Toulouse, Carpentras, Dunkirk, Amiens, Grenoble || [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violences_urbaines_de_2005_en_banlieue_fran%C3%A7aise#Bilan_des_journ.C3.A9es_pass.C3.A9es]
|-
|18.|| Monday [[November 14]] [[2005]] || 284 || 115 || Toulouse, Faches-Thumesnil, Halluin, Grenoble || [http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=126&art_id=qw1131954841633B216]
|-
|19.|| Tuesday [[November 15]] [[2005]] || 215 || 71 || Saint-Chamond, Bourges || [http://www.nzz.ch/2005/11/15/al/newzzEG1PY5DF-12.html]
[http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-706693,36-710208@51-707207,0.html]
|-
|20.|| Wednesday [[November 16]] [[2005]] || 163 || 50 || Paris region, Arras, Brest, Vitry-le-François, Romans-sur-Isère || [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3226,36-710597@51-704172,0.html] [http://www.nzz.ch/2005/11/16/al/newzzEG35LKJD-12.html]
|- style="background:#ccccff" align="center" |
| '''TOTAL''' || '''20 nights''' || '''8,973''' || '''2,888''' || ||
|}
==Response==
{{main|Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France}}
====Allegations of an organized plot and Nicolas Sarkozy's controversial comments====
[[Nicolas Sarkozy]], interior minister of the time, declared a "[[zero tolerance]]" policy towards urban violence after the fourth night of riots and announced that 17 companies of riot police ([[Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité|C.R.S.]]) and seven mobile police squadrons (''escadrons de [[French Gendarmerie|gendarmerie]] mobile'') would be stationed in contentious Paris neighborhoods.
The families of the two youths killed, after refusing to meet with Sarkozy, met with Prime Minister [[Dominique de Villepin]]. [[Azouz Begag]], delegate minister for the promotion of equal opportunity, criticized Sarkozy for the latter's use of "imprecise, warlike semantics", while [[Marie-George Buffet]], secretary of the [[French Communist Party]], criticized an "unacceptable [[strategy of tension]]" and the not less inexcusable definition of French youth as "scum" (''racaille'', a term with implicit racial and ethnic resonances) by the Interior Minister, Sarkozy; she also called for the creation of a Parliamentary commission to investigate the circumstances of the death of the two young people which ignited the riots.<ref>{{cite news | title=La boîte de Pandore de Sarkozy | publisher=[[L'Humanité]] | date=[[November 3]] [[2005]] | url=http://www.humanite.fr/journal/2005-11-03/2005-11-03-817234}}</ref>
====State of emergency and measures concerning immigration policy====
President [[Jacques Chirac]] announced a national [[state of emergency]] on [[8 November]]. The same day, [[Lilian Thuram]], a famous soccer player and member of the [[Higher Council for Integration]], blamed Sarkozy.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,13509-1865536,00.html Soccer heroes blame social injustice]</ref> He explained that [[discrimination]] and unemployment were at the root of the problem. On [[9 November]] [[2005]], Nicolas Sarkozy issued an order to deport foreigners convicted of involvement, provoking concerns from the left-wing, including, for example, [[SOS Racisme]]. He told parliament that 120 foreigners ; "not all of whom are here illegally" — had been called in by police, accused of taking part in the nightly attacks. "I have asked the prefects to deport them from our national territory without delay, including those who have a residency visa," he said. The far-right French politician [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]] agreed, stating that naturalized French rioters should have their [[denaturalization|citizenship revoked]]. The ''[[Syndicat de la Magistrature]]'', a magistrate trade-union, criticized Sarkozy's attempts to make believe that most rioters were foreigners, whereas the huge majority of them were French citizens.<ref name="Morice">{{cite news | title=Comprendre avant de juger : à propos des émeutes urbaines en France (by anthropologist Alain Morice) | publisher=Samizdat | date=[[December 31]] [[2005]] | url=http://infos.samizdat.net/article385.html#nb1}}</ref> A demonstration against the expulsion of all foreign rioters and demanding the end of the state of emergency was called for on [[November 15]] in Paris by left-wing and human rights organizations.
On the [[20 November]] [[2005]], Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin announced tightened controls on immigration: Authorities will increase enforcement of requirements that immigrants seeking 10-year residency permits or French citizenship master the French language and integrate into society. Chirac's government also plans to crack down on fraudulent marriages that some immigrants use to acquire residency rights and launch a stricter screening process for foreign students. Anti-racism groups widely opposed the measures, saying that greater government scrutiny of immigrants could stir up racism and racist acts and that energy and money was best deployed for others uses than chasing an ultra-minority of fraudsters.
===Police===
An extra 2,600 police were drafted on [[6 November]]. On [[7 November]], French premier Dominique de Villepin announced on the TF1 television channel the deployment of 18,000 policemen, supported by a 1,500 strong reserve. Sarkozy also suspended eight police officers for beating up someone they had arrested after TV displayed the images of this act of [[police brutality]].<ref>[http://www.nzz.ch/2005/11/11/al/newzzEFW1EOO2-12.html Die Banlieues kommen nicht zur Ruhe]</ref>
===Media coverage===
Jean-Claude Dassier, News director general at the private channel [[TF1]] and one of France's leading TV news executives, admitted to self censoring the coverage of the riots in the country for fear of encouraging support for far-right politicians; while public television station [[France 3]] stopped reporting the numbers of torched cars, apparently in order not to encourage "record making" between delinquent groups.<ref>[http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1639538,00.html French TV boss admits censoring riot coverage]</ref><ref>[http://backspin.typepad.com/backspin/2005/11/french_media_do.html Must-see French TV]</ref>
Foreign news coverage was criticized by president [[Jacques Chirac|Chirac]] as showing in some cases ''excessiveness'' (''démesure'')<ref>[http://permanent.nouvelobs.com/politique/20051213.OBS8642.html Les principales réponses de Jacques Chirac]</ref> and Prime Minister [[Dominique de Villepin|de Villepin]] said in an interview to CNN that the events should not be called ''riots'' as the situation was not violent to the extent of the [[1992 Los Angeles riots]], no death casualties being reported during the unrest itself – although it had begun after the deaths of two youth pursued by the police.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/11/29/devillepin.text/ De Villepin interview: Full text]</ref>
== Backlash against French Hip Hop artists ==
In the aftermath of the rioting, there was a huge backlash against French rappers and hip hop artists, who were quickly blamed for inciting the youth of the banlieues (suburban housing projects or "ghettos") to riot. For many years French rappers had been creating music which told of the poor conditions they lived in and the strife, racism, poverty, and police brutality they faced every day. "For more than a decade, French rappers have been venting the anger of an alienated underclass, but rappers say politicians haven't been listening" <ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5052650 French Rap Musicians Blamed for Violence : NPR<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> . After the riots, two hundred French parliament members called for legal action against several French rappers, accusing them of inciting the violence <ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5052650 French Rap Musicians Blamed for Violence : NPR<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> . Many politicians, media figures, and other public figures went on rants blaming the rappers for the unrest in the banlieus, often using derogatory and inflammatory language to describe the predominantly poor, immigrant, and minority populations. David Brooks, an American columnist, referred to them as "poor young Muslim men" <ref>[http://www.slate.com/id/2130120 David Brooks vs. gangsta rap. - By Jody Rosen - Slate Magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> .
Many rappers spoke up and defended themselves from the accusations, saying that their rap was not directly calling for violence, and that instead they were voicing the concerns of the banlieu residents, those very same concerns which led to the riots.
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
===Notes===
#{{Note|Lemonde1}} [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/articleinteractif/0,41-0@2-706693,49-710990@51-704172,0.html Article] from [[Le Monde]]
#{{Note|Scotsman101205}} [http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=2381422005 "Scotsman" on renewal of state of emergency]
#{{Note|Indymedia}} [http://paris.indymedia.org/article.php3?id_article=47874 Indymedia on renewal of state of emergency, #torched cars]
#{{Note|Canardenchaine}} "Each night between 40 and 60 cars are torched" according to the Council of State in "[[Le Canard Enchaine]] #4442, [[14 December]] [[2005]].
#{{Note|Lemonde2}} [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3224,36-719688@51-704172,0.html Renewal of state of emergency] (article from [[Le Monde]])
==Articles==
{{commonscat|2005 France riots}}
{{wikinews|French riots continue into second week}}
{{wikinews|First casualty of French riots reported}}
<!-- Please note that this section is intended only for sources and references directly concerning the article. Please do not add commercial links, or links to private websites not directly related to the article topic. Thank you. For more info, please see WP:SPAM. -->
* Durand, Jacky ''[[Libération]]'' ([[29 October]] [[2005]]), [http://www.liberation.fr/page.php?Article=334690 "Pompier façon légion romaine"] (Firefighters à la roman legion)
* ''[[New Straits Times]]'', p. 28 ([[8 November]] [[2005]]), "Fatwa against riot issued"
* ''New Straits Times'', p. 28 ([[8 November]] [[2005]]), "French violence rages on"
* Rousseau, Ingrid ''[[Associated Press]]'' ([[31 October]] [[2005]]), [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/31/AR2005103101353.html "France to Step Up Security After Riots"]
* Gecker, Jocelyn ''Associated Press'' ([[2 November]] [[2005]]), [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20051102.wfrance1102/BNStory/International/ "French government in crisis mode"]
* Gecker, Jocelyn ''Associated Press'' ([[2 November]] [[2005]]), [http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20051102/ap_on_re_eu/france_rioting "Seventh Day of Violence Erupts Near Paris"] by
* Keaten, Jamey ''Associated Press'' ([[3 November]] [[2005]]), [http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/F/FRANCE_RIOTING_SCENE?SITE=ORAST&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT "French residents can only watch amid riots"]
* ''Sky News'' ([[4 November]] [[2005]]), [http://www.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,30200-13457760,00.html "Disabled Woman Set Ablaze"]. .
* ''ABC News'' ([[4 November]] [[2005]]), [http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=1280843 "Paris Riots in Perspective"]. .
* ''New Straits Times'', p. 24. ([[5 November]] [[2005]]), "Riots spread to suburbs".
* Heneghan, Tom ''[[Reuters]]'' ([[5 November]] [[2005]]), [http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-11-05T162250Z_01_SCH558929_RTRUKOC_0_US-FRANCE-RIOTS-BLAME.xml "Paris seeks 'hidden hands' in riots"]
* ''Reuters'' ([[6 November]] [[2005]]), [http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L06117212.htm "France's Chirac says restoring order top priority"]
* Bouteldja, Naima ''Red Pepper'' [http://www.redpepper.org.uk/europe/x-nov05-bouteldja.htm "Paris is burning"] ([[9 November]] [[2005]])
* Sciolino, Elaine ''[[New York Times]]'' ([[10 November]] [[2005]]), [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/10/international/europe/10chirac.html?th&emc=th "Chirac, Lover of Spotlight, Avoids Glare of France's Fires"]
* ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'' ([[11 November]] [[2005]]), [http://www.nzz.ch/2005/11/11/al/newzzEFW1EOO2-12.html "Die Banlieues kommen nicht zur Ruhe"] ("The suburbs do not get quiet")
* ''[[BBC]] News'' ([[17 November]] [[2005]]), [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4445428.stm "French violence 'back to normal'"]
* [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forumy/2005/11/french-riots-failure-of-elite-not.php French Riots: A Failure of the Elite, Not the Republic], [[JURIST]]
* [http://www.indypendent.org/?p=540 French Riots: A Wake-up Call for the West, The Indypendent]
* [http://www.indypendent.org/?p=541 French Right Reviles Rappers, The Indypendent]
==See also==
* [[List of riots]]
* [[Paris massacre of 1961]]
* The [[May 1968]] riots, the major uprising in 20th century France
* [[1992 Los Angeles riots]], another example of civil unrest.
* 2001 [[Oldham Riots]]
* 2001 [[Bradford Riots]]
* [[2004 Redfern riots]] - a riot in [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] which was also triggered by the accidental death of a teenager fleeing police.
* [[2005 Cronulla riots]]
* [[2006 labour protests in France]]
* [[2006 Brussels riots]]
* [[Gare du Nord riot]]
* [[2007 civil unrest in France]]
* [[Urban Riots]]
==External links==
<!-- Please note that this section is intended only for external links directly concerning the article. Please do not add commercial links, or links to private websites not directly related to the article topic. Thank you. For more info, please see WP:SPAM. -->
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===Photographs===
*[http://www.repubblica.it/flash/gallerie/2005/rivoltaparigi/index.html La Repubblica image gallery]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4399456.stm Pictures from the BBC]
*[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/graphics/2005/11/08/wfran08.gif Map of affected areas] as of [[7 November]]
*[http://www.psychogeo.com/paris.htm Photos of Clichy-Sous-Bois, Montfermeil, and Aubervilliers]
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===Analysis===
*[http://www.dailykos.com/story/2005/11/13/143727/53 Emmanuel Todd interview on the 'French riots'] translation of an interview of [[Emmanuel Todd]] with [[Le Monde]]
* [http://riotsfrance.ssrc.org/ Essays about the riots written by social scientists]
* [http://perso.orange.fr/john.mullen/2007banlieues.html A left wing analysis, in French of the crisis in the banlieues]
* [http://www.quinterna.org/lingue/english/articles_en/zonards_voyous.htm Nous les zonards voyous, n+1 review]
<!-- Please refrain from overloading this section with far right-wing or far left-wing editorials -->
* [http://www.humaniteinenglish.com/ ''L'Humanité'' in English] (search "riots", "sarkozy", "November", etc.)
* [http://www.humaniteinenglish.com/article405.html One Year After the Uprising in the French Suburbs: We Can’t Afford to Forget Them], ''[[L'Humanité|L'Humanite in english]]''.
* [http://www.psychogeo.com/baudrillard_nique.htm Op-ed in ''Liberation''] by [[Jean Baudrillard]]
* [http://multitudes.samizdat.net/Some-politically-incorrect.html Some politically incorrect reflexions on violence in France] by [[Slavoj Zizek]], on ''[[Multitudes]]'' website
* [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/focus/story/0,6903,1635373,00.html The Guardian: Questions over the country's ability to integrate its Muslim population]
* [http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=74&ItemID=9066 ZMag: Why is France Burning?]
* [http://www.spiked-online.com/Printable/0000000CAE66.htm Spiked Magazine: Letter from a Burning Banlieue], by Patrick Belton (who also wrote about the riots from Aulnay-sous-Bois on [http://oxblog.blogspot.com/2005/11/give-blogger-chance-foundation-prize.html OxBlog])
* [http://www.mathieukassovitz.com/blognews2/ Working Class France...] by [[Matthieu Kassovitz]] (director of the film ''[[La Haine]]'')
* [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-terrorism26nov26,1,6491902.story?page=1&coll=la-headlines-world|Fundamentalism in French workplace] LA Times, [[26 November]] [[2005]], Sebastian Rotella (mentions a report published shortly before unrest began)
* [http://direland.typepad.com/direland/2005/11/why_is_france_b.html WHY IS FRANCE BURNING? The rebellion of a lost generation], by [[Doug Ireland]], an indepth look at what led to the riots
* [http://lemalfrancais.blogspot.com/l Rioting in France: Le Mal Français. Decline and Fall of the French Model...],by [[Benjamin Sehene]] (Writer of [[Rwandan]] origin of ''Le feu sous la Soutane'')
* [http://newleftreview.org/A2595 THE PYRES OF AUTUMN], ''[[New Left Review]]'', Jan-Feb 2006, [[Jean Baudrillard]]
* [http://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/bookinfo/5183.html Ethnicity and Equality: France in the Balance] by Azouz Begag,translated and with an introduction by Alec G. Hargreaves (Nebraska, 2007)
* Irina Mihalache, [http://culturalshifts.com/archives/306 Imagining the Diasporic Link: The Franco-Algerian Media Dialogues on the 2005 'Emeutes' in France], ''Cultural Shifts'', 2008.
===Eyewitness blog reports===
<!-- Please do not overload this section with strident far-right or far-left blogs. They are not helpful to understand the situation. Thank you. -->
* [http://faeriebell.blogspot.com/2005/11/paris-rioting.html Paris Rioting : A Digest of Francophone Blogs]
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[[Category:2005 in France|Civil unrest]]
[[Category:Emergency laws]]
[[Category:Contemporary French history]]
[[Category:History of Paris]]
[[Category:Politics of France]]
[[Category:Riots and civil unrest in France]]
[[Category:Seine-Saint-Denis]]
[[Category:2005 riots]]
[[Category:Race riots]]
[[bg:Безредици във Франция (2005)]]
[[ca:Disturbis del 2005 a França]]
[[de:Unruhen in Frankreich 2005]]
[[es:Disturbios de Francia de 2005]]
[[eo:Tumultoj en Francio en 2005]]
[[fr:Émeutes de 2005 dans les banlieues françaises]]
[[ko:2005년 파리교외 소요사태]]
[[io:2005 Francia incendiadi]]
[[id:Kerusuhan sipil Perancis 2005]]
[[it:Rivolte del 2005 nelle banlieues francesi]]
[[he:המהומות בצרפת (2005)]]
[[hu:2005-ös franciaországi zavargások]]
[[nl:Rellen in Frankrijk 2005]]
[[ja:2005年パリ郊外暴動事件]]
[[no:Opptøyene i Frankrike 2005]]
[[pl:Zamieszki we Francji, 2005]]
[[pt:Revolta de jovens dos subúrbios de Paris em 2005]]
[[ru:Война предместий]]
[[fi:Ranskan lähiöiden väkivaltaisuudet 2005]]
[[sv:Parisupploppen 2005]]
[[tr:2005 Fransa azınlık başkaldırısı]]
[[zh:2005年法国骚乱]]