5th century 34742 225888524 2008-07-15T21:40:33Z 146.23.68.40 /* Overview */ {{Centurybox}} [[Image:East-Hem 400ad.jpg|thumb|300px|Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 5th century AD.]] [[Image:Europe map 450.PNG|thumb|Europe in 450]] [[Image:East-Hem 500ad.jpg|thumb|300px|Eastern Hemisphere at the end of the 5th century AD.]] The '''5th century''' is the period from [[401]] to [[500]] in accordance with the [[Julian calendar]] in [[Anno Domini]]/[[Common Era]]. == Overview == This century is noted for being a time of repeated disaster and instability both internally and externally for the [[Western Roman Empire]], which finally unravelled, and came to an end in AD [[476]]. The west was ruled by a succession of weak emperors, and true power began to fall increasingly into the hands of powerful generals. Internal instability and pressing military problems caused by foreign invaders finally resulted in the sacking of Rome by a [[Visigoth]] army in [[410]]. Some recovery was made in the following decades, but the Western Empire received a serious blow when another barbarian group, the [[Vandals]] occupied [[Carthage]], capital of the extremely important province of [[Africa]], a major supplier of wealth and grain. Attempts to retake the province were interrupted by the invasions of the [[Huns]] under [[Atilla]]. After Atilla's final defeat and death both Eastern and Western empires joined forces for a final assault on Vandal North Africa, but their campaign was a spectacular failure. ==The Fall of the Western Roman Empire== The year [[476]] is widely understood as the point at which the [[Western Roman Empire]] came to an end. In [[476]] the last Western Roman Emperor, [[Romulus Augustus]] (nicknamed ''Augustulus'' "Little Augustus") was deposed by a Germanic [[foederati]] general named [[Odoacer]]. The Eastern Roman Empire finally ceased trying to prop up its hopeless Western twin, whose former lands were then divided into numerous [[barbarian]] kingdoms. The last de-facto Western Roman Emperor, [[Julius Nepos]] was murdered in Dalmatia in 480 AD. The last fragment of the Western Empire, the [[Domain of Soissons]] ruled by Duke [[Syagrius]], was conquered by the Frankish King [[Clovis]] in 486. Roman power continued in the east however, under the rulers of Constantinople. Scholars normally refer to their empire as the [[Byzantine Empire]], however its inhabitants considered themselves Roman throughout. Recognizable Roman culture continued to exist in the east for another 200 years before the Arab invasions of the [[7th Century]] set off a chain of events that forever changed the face of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], and the entity that emerged in the next few centuries is what one might refer to as the true [[Medieval]] [[Byzantine Empire]]. ==Events== [[Image:Solidus Romulus Augustus-RIC 3406.jpg|thumb|300px|Romulus Augustus, Last Western Roman Emperor]] * 399–412: The Chinese [[Buddhist]] monk [[Faxian]] sails through the [[Indian Ocean]] and travels throughout Sri Lanka and India to gather Buddhist scriptures. * 406: The west frontier of the [[Roman Empire]] collapses as waves of [[Suevi]], [[Alans]], and [[Vandals]] cross the frozen [[Rhine]] near [[Mainz]], and enter [[Gaul]]. * 407: Constantine III leads mainy of the Roman military units from Britain to [[Gaul]], occupying [[Arles]] (Arelate). This is generally seen as Rome's withdrawal from Britain. * 410: [[Rome]] sacked by [[Visigoths]], [[Augustine of Hippo|St. Augustine]] writes [[The City of God]]. * 439: [[Vandal]]s conquer [[Carthage]]. * At some point after 440, the [[Anglo-Saxons]] settle in [[Great Britain|Britain]]. The traditional story is that they were invited there by [[Vortigern]]. * 451: Huns under [[Attila]] facing the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] and the [[Visigoths]] are defeated in the [[Battle of Chalons]]. <ref>Roberts, J: "History of the World.". Penguin, 1994.</ref> * 452: [[Pope Leo I]] allegedly meets personally with Attila the Hun and convinces him not to sack Rome. * 453: Death of Attila. The [[Hunnic Empire]] is divided between his sons. * 454: [[Battle of Nedao]]. Germanic tribes destroy the main Hunnic army and throw off Hunnic domination. * 455: Vandals sack Rome. :* The city of [[Chichen Itza]] is founded in Mexico. * 469:Death of [[Dengizich]], last Khan of the [[Hunnic Empire]]. * 476: August 28: Deposition of [[Romulus Augustulus]] by [[Odoacer]]: traditional date for the [[Fall of Rome]] in the West. * 480: Assassination of [[Julius Nepos]], the last [[de jure]] Emperor of the [[Western Roman Empire]], in [[Dalmatia]]. * 481: [[Clovis I]] becomes king of the [[Western Franks]] upon the death of [[Childeric I]]. * 486: Clovis defeats [[Syagrius]] and conquers the last free remnant of the Western Roman Empire. * 490: Battle of [[Mount Badon]] (approximate date). According to legend, British forces led by [[King Arthur|Arthur]] defeated the invading [[Saxons]]. * 491: King Clovis I defeats and subjucates the Kingdom of [[Thuringia]] in Germany. * 493: [[Theodoric]] the Ostrogoth ousts Odoacer to become king of Italy. * 494: Northern Gaul is united under Frankish King [[Clovis I]], founder of the [[Merovingian]] dynasty. * 496: [[Battle of Tolbiac]]. King Clovis defeats and subjucates the [[Alamanni]]. * [[Buddhism]] reaches [[Myanmar]] and [[Indonesia]]. * [[Africa]]n and [[Indonesia]]n settlers reach [[Madagascar]]. *[[Hopewell culture]] in North America ends. ==Significant persons== *[[Agatharcos]] — Greek artist * [[Flavius Aëtius]], last of the great Roman generals * [[Alaric I]], king of the [[Visigoths]] that sacked [[Rome]] * [[Aspar]], Eastern Roman general and politician * [[Attila the Hun]] * [[Augustine of Hippo]], bishop, theologian * [[Bodhidharma]], founder of [[Zen Buddhism]] * [[John Chrysostom]], [[Patriarch of Constantinople]] * [[Clovis]], first Frankish king to unite all the Frankish peoples * [[Cyril of Alexandria]], [[Patriarch of Alexandria]] * [[Faxian]], Chinese Buddhist monk * [[Geiseric]], Vandal king and founder of the Vandal kingdom in North Africa * [[Hawaiiloa]], discovered and settled Hawaii * [[Huiyuan]], Chinese Buddhist * [[Hypatia of Alexandria]], woman philosopher * [[St. Jerome]] hermit, cleric, [[Bible]] translator * [[Pope Leo I]] * [[Ricimer]], Western Roman general, politician and ruler * [[Saint Mesrob]], Armenian monk * [[Niall Noigiallach]], founder of one of [[Ireland]]'s greatest dynasties. * [[St. Patrick]], completed the conversion to Christianity in Ireland * [[Socrates Scholasticus]], Byzantine Church historian * [[Sozomen]], Christian church historian * [[Theoderic the Great]], Ostrogothic king * [[Zu Chongzhi]], Chinese astronomer and mathematician ==Inventions, discoveries, introductions== * [[Horse collar]] invented in China * Heavy [[plow]] in use in Slavic lands * Metal [[horseshoe]]s become common in [[Gaul]] * [[Anglo-Saxon futhorc]] alphabet used in [[England]] * [[Armenian alphabet]] created by [[Saint Mesrob|Mesrob Mashtots]] c. [[405]] ==Other== The [[gomphothere]] , an elephant-like species, becomes extinct. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Decades and years== {{DecadesAndYears}} {{Centuries}} [[Category:1st millennium]] [[Category:5th century| ]] [[Category:Centuries|05th century]] [[af:5de eeu]] [[als:5. Jahrhundert]] [[ar:قرن 5]] [[an:Sieglo V]] [[ast:Sieglu V]] [[az:V əsr]] [[be:5 стагоддзе]] [[be-x-old:5 стагодзьдзе]] [[bs:5. vijek]] [[br:Vvet kantved]] [[bg:5 век]] [[ca:Segle V]] [[cv:V ĕмĕр]] [[cs:5. století]] [[cy:5ed ganrif]] [[da:5. århundrede]] [[de:5. Jahrhundert]] [[et:5. sajand]] [[el:5ος αιώνας]] [[es:Siglo V]] [[eo:5-a jarcento]] [[eu:V. mendea]] [[fa:سده ۵ (میلادی)]] [[fr:Ve siècle]] [[fy:5e ieu]] [[ga:5ú haois]] [[gd:5mh Linn]] [[gl:Século V]] [[ko:5세기]] [[hy:5-րդ դար]] [[hi:५वीं शताब्दी ईसा]] [[hr:5. stoljeće]] [[io:5ma yar-cento]] [[id:Abad ke-5]] [[is:5. öldin]] [[it:V secolo]] [[he:המאה ה-5]] [[jv:Abad kaping 5]] [[ka:V საუკუნე]] [[kk:5 ғ.]] [[kw:5es kansblydhen]] [[ku:Sedsala 5'an]] [[la:Saeculum 5]] [[lb:5. Joerhonnert]] [[lt:V amžius]] [[lij:V secolo]] [[li:Viefde iew]] [[hu:5. század]] [[mk:5 век]] [[mr:इ.स.चे ५ वे शतक]] [[ms:Abad ke-5]] [[nl:5e eeuw]] [[nds-nl:5e eeuw]] [[ja:5世紀]] [[no:5. århundre]] [[nn:400-talet]] [[nrm:Ve s.]] [[uz:V asr]] [[nds:5. Johrhunnert]] [[pl:V wiek]] [[pt:Século V]] [[ksh:5. Joohunndot]] [[ro:Secolul al V-lea]] [[ru:V век]] [[sq:Shekulli V]] [[scn:Sèculu V]] [[simple:5th century]] [[sk:5. storočie]] [[sl:5. stoletje]] [[sr:5. век]] [[stq:5. Jierhunnert]] [[su:Abad ka-5]] [[fi:400-luku]] [[sv:400-talet]] [[tt:5. yöz]] [[th:คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 5]] [[vi:Thế kỷ 5]] [[tr:5. yüzyıl]] [[uk:5 століття]] [[vec:V secolo]] [[yi:5טער י"ה]] [[bat-smg:V omžios]] [[zh:5世纪]]