Ode 22172 225894539 2008-07-15T22:13:22Z Thijs!bot 1392310 robot Adding: [[ca:Oda]] '''Ode''' (from the Ancient Greek {{Polytonic|ὠδή}}) is a form of stately and elaborate [[lyric poetry|lyrical verse]]. A classic ode is structured in three parts: the ''[[strophe]]'', the ''[[antistrophe]]'', and the ''[[epode]]''. Different forms such as the ''homostrophic ode'' and the ''irregular ode'' also exist. ==Greek origins== Each of these culminated in what have been called odes, but the former, in the hands of [[Alcaeus]], [[Anacreon (poet)|Anacreon]] and [[Sappho]], came closer to the lyric. On the other hand, the choir-song, in which the poet spoke for himself, but always supported, or interpreted, by a chorus, led to the ode proper. [[Alcman]] is supposed to have given his poems a strophic arrangement, and the strophe has come to be essential to an ode. [[Stesichorus]], [[Ibycus]] and [[Simonides of Ceos]] led the way to the two great masters of ode among the ancients: [[Pindar]] and [[Bacchylides]]. The form and verse-arrangement of Pindar's great lyrics have regulated the type of the ''heroic ode''. It is now perceived that they are consciously composed in very elaborate measures, and that each is the result of a separate act of creative ingenuity, but each preserving an absolute consistency of form. So far from being, as critics down to Cowley and [[Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux|Boileau]] supposed, utterly licentious in their irregularity, they are more like the canzos and [[sirventes]] of the medieval troubadours than any modern verse. The Latins themselves seem to have lost the secret of these complicated harmonies, and they made no serious attempt to imitate the odes of Pindar and Bacchylides. It is probable that the Greek odes gradually lost their musical character; they were accompanied on the [[flute]], and then declaimed without any music at all. The ode, as it was practiced by the Romans, returned to the personally lyrical form of the Lesbian lyrists. This was exemplified, in the most exquisite way, by [[Horace]] and [[Catullus]]; the former imitated, and even translated, Alcaeus and Anacreon, the latter was directly inspired by Sappho. ==English ode== The initial model for English odes was Horace, who used the form to write meditative lyrics on various themes. The earliest odes in the English language, using the word in its strict form, were the magnificent ''Epithalamium'' and ''Prothalamium'' of [[Edmund Spenser]]. In the 17th century, the most important original odes in English are those of [[Abraham Cowley]] and [[Andrew Marvell]]. Marvell, in his ''Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland'' uses a regular form (two four-foot lines followed by two three-foot lines) modelled on Horace, while Cowley wrote "Pindarick" odes which had irregular patterns of line lengths and rhyme schemes, though they were iambic. The principle of Cowley's Pindaricks was based on a misunderstanding of Pindar's metrical practice, but was widely imitated, with notable success by [[John Dryden]]. With Pindar's metre being better understood in the 18th century, the fashion for Pindaric odes faded, though there are notable "actual" Pindaric odes by [[Thomas Gray]], [http://www.thomasgray.org/cgi-bin/display.cgi?text=pppo ''The Progress of Poesy''] and [http://www.thomasgray.org/cgi-bin/display.cgi?text=bapo ''The Bard'']. The Pindarick of Cowley was revived around [[1800]] by [[William Wordsworth|Wordsworth]] for one of his very finest poems, the ''[[Ode: Intimations of Immortality|Intimations of Immortality]]'' ode; irregular odes were also written by [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge|Coleridge]]. [[John Keats|Keats]] and [[Percy Bysshe Shelley|Shelley]] wrote odes with regular stanza patterns. Shelley's ''[[Ode to the West Wind]]'', written in fourteen line [[terza rima]] stanzas, is a major poem in the form, but perhaps the greatest odes of the 19th century were written by Keats. After Keats, there have been comparatively few major odes in English. One major exception is the fourth verse of the poem ''[[Ode of Remembrance|For the Fallen]]'' by [[Laurence Binyon]] which is often known as "The ode to the fallen" or more simply as "The Ode". ==Spanish and Latin American ode== In the Spanish-speaking world, the Chilean poet and Nobel Laureate, [[Pablo Neruda]] revived the ode; composing odes to concepts, inanimate objects, fruits, vegetables and all forms of creatures. Neruda focused on simple and common things that had never been the subject matter of poets before. Many of Neruda’s odes were published in three books, ''Odas elementales'' (Elemental Odes) (1954), ''Nuevas Odas Elementales'' (New Elemental Odes) (1956) and ''Navegaciones y regresos'' (Voyages and Homecomings) (1959). Neruda’s odes have been widely translated and have greatly contributed to the popularity of the ode among students and young poets. Some subjects of his odes included a tomato, a [[Oda al Gato|cat]], wine and so on. ==Ode in music== A musical setting of a poetic ode is also known as an ode. Horatian odes were frequently set to music in the 16th century, notably by [[Ludwig Senfl]] and [[Claude Goudimel]]. In the 17th century [[Nicholas Brady]]'s ''[[Ode to St. Cecilia (Purcell)|Ode to St. Cecilia]]'' was set by [[Henry Purcell|Purcell]]. The ''[[Ode for St. Cecilia's Day (Handel)|Ode for St. Cecilia's Day]]'' written by Dryden was set twice to music by [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]], as was his ''[[Alexander's Feast (Handel)|Alexander's Feast, or the Power of Music]]'' which was also in praise of [[Saint Cecilia]], the patron saint of music and musicians. One of many settings of [[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]]'s ''[[Ode to Joy|Ode to Joy (An die Freude)]]'' forms the crowning choral movement of [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]'s [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]], completed in 1824. [[Hubert Parry|Parry]]'s ''Blest Pair of Sirens'', dating from 1887, is a setting of [[John Milton]]'s ode ''[[Milton's 1645 Poems|At a Solemn Musick]]'', and [[Arthur O'Shaughnessy]]'s well-known ''[[Ode (poem)|Ode]]'' was set by [[Edward Elgar|Elgar]] in his ''[[The Music Makers (Elgar)|The Music Makers]]'', first performed in 1912. [[Gerald Finzi]]'s ''[[Intimations of Immortality]]'' is a setting for tenor, chorus, and orchestra of Wordsworth's [[Ode: Intimations of Immortality|ode]] of the same title. Odes to dignitaries were also often set, such as the ''[[Ode for the Birthday of Queen Anne]]'' by [[Handel]]. [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron|Byron]]'s ''[[Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte]]'' was set by [[Arnold Schoenberg]]. == Pop music == *Ode to LRC is a song by [[Band of Horses]]. *Ode to Don Jose a song by [[The Art of Noise]]. *Ode to Chin is a song by [[Switchfoot]]. *Ode to Star L23 is a song by [[We Are Scientists]]. *[[Ode to Billie Joe]] is a [[song]] by [[Bobbie Gentry]]. *Ode to my Family is a song by [[The Cranberries]]. *Ode To Summer is a song by Welsh Alternative Rock band [[Lostprophets]]. *Ode to Serotonin is a song by [[Nightmare of You]]. *Ode to My Car is a song by [[Adam Sandler]] *Ode to the Sun is a song by [[Dredg]]. *An Ode to Maybe is a song by [[Third Eye Blind]]. *Ode to Ochrasy is an album by [[Mando Diao]]. *Ode to Divorce is a song by [[Regina Spektor]]. *Ode to a Grasshopper was improvised by Jim Morrison at the 1968 The Doors concert at the Hollywood Bowl. *Ode is a song by the band [[Creed (band)|Creed]]. *Ode of a Biker is a song by Overload. *Ode To Silence is a song by Kisschasy. *Ode 2 Oren Ishii is a song by [[Rza]], a character of the film [[Kill Bill]], which he also helped score. *Ode To A Superhero is a parody of [[Piano Man (song)|Piano Man]] by [["Weird Al" Yankovic]]. *Milk (Ode to Billy) by Anthrax *Ode to Clarissa a song by [[Queens of the Stone Age]]\[[Nick Oliveri]]. *Ode to the Lonely Hearted is a song by [[Sugar Ray]]. *The ode to 2nd hour is a song by [[Chiodos]]. [[Category:Poetic form]] [[br:Meulgan]] [[bg:Ода]] [[ca:Oda]] [[cs:Óda]] [[da:Ode]] [[de:Ode]] [[et:Ood]] [[es:Oda]] [[eo:Odo]] [[fr:Ode]] [[gl:Oda]] [[hr:Oda]] [[bpy:ওদে]] [[ia:Ode]] [[it:Ode]] [[he:אודה]] [[ka:ოდა]] [[hu:Óda]] [[nl:Ode (dichtkunst)]] [[ja:頌歌]] [[pl:Oda (literatura)]] [[pt:Ode]] [[ro:Odă]] [[ru:Ода]] [[sk:Óda]] [[sl:Oda]] [[fi:Oodi]] [[sv:Ode]] [[vi:Ode]] [[uk:Ода]]