Oldenburg
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Bjweeks
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Pink!Teen|Pink!Teen]] ([[User talk:Pink!Teen|talk]]) to last version by 119.234.1.8
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{{wrapper}}
|{{Infobox German Location
|Art = city
|Wappen = Wappen oldenburg.png
|lat_deg = 53 |lat_min = 08 |lat_sec = 38
|lon_deg = 8 |lon_min = 12 |lon_sec = 50
|Lageplan =
|Bundesland = Niedersachsen
|Landkreis = Kreisfreie Stadt
|Höhe = 4
|Fläche = 102.96
|Einwohner = 159282
|Stand = 2007-09-30
|PLZ = 26001–26135
|PLZ-alt = 2900
|Vorwahl = 0441
|Kfz = OL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 03 000
|Gliederung = 42 Stadtteile und 9 statistische Bezirke
|Adresse = Markt 1<br />26122 Oldenburg (Oldb)
|Website = [http://www.oldenburg.de/ www.oldenburg.de]
|Bürgermeister = Gerd Schwandner
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|Partei = parteilos
}}
|-
|[[Image:Schloss Oldenburg.jpg|thumb|250px|Oldenburg Castle]]
|-
|[[Image:Oldenburg Museum.JPG|thumb|250px|Oldenburg castle (used as a museum today)]]
|-
|[[Image:Schlosswache mit Lambertikirche.jpg|thumb|250px|Guard house and the Lamberti-Church]]
|}
'''Oldenburg''' ([[Low German]]: ''Ollnborg'') is an [[Independent City]] in [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. It is situated in the western part of the state between the cities of [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]] and [[Groningen (city)|Groningen, Netherlands]], at the [[Hunte]] river. It has a population of 158,341 (as of 2005) which makes it the fourth biggest in Lower Saxony after [[Hanover]], [[Braunschweig]] and [[Osnabrück]]. In [[German language|German]], the city is known officially as '''Oldenburg ([[Oldenburg (state)|Oldenburg]])''' or '''Oldenburg (Oldb)''' to distinguish it from [[Oldenburg in Holstein]].
== History ==
The town was first mentioned in [[1108]], at that time known under the name of ''Aldenburg''. It became important due to its location at a [[ford (river)|ford]] of the navigable Hunte River. Oldenburg became the capital of the [[Oldenburg (state)|County of Oldenburg]] (later a Duchy, Grand Duchy and Republic), a small state in the shadow of the much more powerful Hanseatic city of [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]].
In the 17th century, Oldenburg was a wealthy town in a time of war and turmoil and its population and power grew considerably. In [[1667]] the town was struck by a disastrous [[Black Death|plague]] epidemic and, shortly after, a fire destroyed Oldenburg. The Danish kings, who were also counts of Oldenburg at the time, were not much interested in the condition of the town and it lost most of its former importance. In [[1773]], Danish rule ended. It was only then that the destroyed buildings in the city were rebuilt in a [[Neoclassicism|Classicist]] style.
In [[1893]] a canal connecting the Hunte and the [[Ems (river)|Ems]] rivers was finished connecting the port of Oldenburg with the [[North Sea]] which greatly increased the city's economic importance.
In [[1945]] after [[World War II]], Oldenburg grew to more than 100,000 inhabitants when [[refugees]] migrated into the city that was only sparingly [[bomb]]ed during [[Strategic Bombing During World War II|World War II]]. In 1946, Oldenburg became part of the new German [[States of Germany|Land]] of [[Lower Saxony]].
{{1911}}
== Demography ==
{{Demography 12col|830px|1502|1667|1702|1769|1816|1828|1837|1855|1871|1880|1890|1900
|~ 2,300|~ 4,300|~ 5,000|6,959|6,278|6,800|9,280|11,370|13,928|20,575|23,118|26,635}}
Up to 1870, it's only estimated data.
{{Demography 13col|830px|1910|1919|1930|1940|1950|1960|1970|1980|1989|1995|2000|2004|2007
|30,242|32,540|55,485|80,605|122,809|122,337|131,545|136,764|140,785|151,382|154,832|158,394|161,034}}
==Economy and Infrastructure==
===Traffic===
The city centre of Oldenburg is surrounded by a ring of highways ([[Autobahn]]en) consisting of A28, A29 and A293. Oldenburg is part of the [[railway]] connections between Norddeich-[[Leer]]-Oldenburg-Bremen and [[Wilhelmshaven]]-Oldenburg-Osnabrück. [[InterCity]] railway connections to [[Berlin]], [[Leipzig]] and [[Dresden]] and an [[InterCityExpress]] connection to [[Frankfurt]] and [[Munich]] Central Station exist.
Oldenburg is connected to shipping through the [[Küstenkanal]], a [[ship canal]] connecting the rivers [[Ems (river)|Ems]] and [[Weser River|Weser]]. With 1.6 Million tons of goods annually it is the most important non-coastal harbour in Lower Saxony.
[[Bicycle]]s play a very important part in personal transport.
Because of its close proximity to the city of Bremen, the city is only about half an hour drive from the [[Bremen Airport]].
===Media===
* Nordwest-Zeitung, daily [[newspaper]] for the region
* Oldenburger Sonntagszeitung, Sunday newspaper
* Huntereport, came out on Wednesday and Sunday
* Mox, fortnightly information magazine
* Oldenburger Stachel, alternative monthly newspaper
* sisol, school information
* Oldenburg Eins, local semi-open [[Television|TV]] and [[Radio]] station
===Education===
* [[Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg|Carl von Ossietzky University]], founded 1973 and named after [[Carl von Ossietzky]]
* Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences) Oldenburg, founded 1971
* RAB-Bildungszentrum für moderne Medien (University of modern Media)
* [[Gymnasium Graf-Anton-Guenther School]]
===Agriculture===
The city is in a largely agricultural area. There are farms near and even in the city. Common agricultural activities are the cultivation of livestock (especially dairy cows and other grazing animals) and crops such as asparagus, corn, and kale.
==Personalities==
===Honorary Citizens===
* 1917: [[Paul von Hindenburg]], [[General]] and later [[Reichspräsident|President of Germany]] during the [[Weimar Republic]]
* 1928: Dr. h.c. [[Helene Lange]], [[Politician]] ([[German Democratic Party|DDP]]) and [[Feminism|women's rights activist]]
* 1944: [[August Hinrichs]], [[Artist]]
* 1961: Prof. [[Bernhard Winter]], [[Painter]]
* 1963: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. [[Karl Jaspers]], [[Philosopher]], [[Psychiatrist]] and political [[author]]
* 1992: [[Horst Janssen]], Artist
In 1937 [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Carl Röver]] were made [[honorary citizen]]s, but this was reverted in 1948
===Famous People from Oldenburg===
* 1426, [[Christian I of Denmark|Christian of Oldenburg]], † 1481, king of the [[Kalmar Union]].
* 1683, [[Burkhard Christoph von Munnich]], † 1767, military commander, political figure
* 1776, May 4: [[Johann Friedrich Herbart]], † August 14 1841 [[Göttingen]], [[Philosopher]], [[Psychologist]] and [[Teacher]]
* 1803: [[Markus Nathan Adler]], † 1890, [[Rabbi]]
* 1818, December 21: [[Queen Amalia of Greece|Marie Frederike Amelie]], Princess of Oldenburg and Queen of [[Greece]] 1836-1862 † [[Bamberg]] May 20 1875
* 1842, February 5: [[Karl Graf von Wedel]], † December 30 1919 [[Stockholm]], [[Governor]] of [[Alsace-Lorraine|Alsace-Lorraine (Elsaß-Lothringen)]] between 1907-14
* 1848, April 9: Helene Lange, † May 13 1930 [[Berlin]], Politician, Teacher and women's rights activist
* 1852, November 16: Friedrich August, [[Duke]] of Oldenburg 1900-1918
* 1865, July 22: Dr. Karl Rudolf Heinze, † May 28 1928 [[Dresden]], [[prime minister]] of [[Saxony]] October 26 to November 13 1918 and Governor of Saxony 1923
* 1873, February 26: [[Johann Schütte]], [[Airship]] constructor
* 1875, April 2: [[Theodor Diedrich Wilhelm Francksen]], † June 14 1914, [[Art]] collector
* 1879, April 18: [[August Hinrichs]], † June 20 1956 Huntlosen, [[Author]]
* 1883, February 23: [[Karl Jaspers]], † February 26 1969 [[Basel]], Philosopher and [[Author]]
* 1888: [[Theodor Pekol]], † 1958, [[Bus]] constructor and operator
* 1894, August 17: [[Otto Suhr]], † August 30 1957 [[Berlin]], Politician [[SPD]] and Lord Mayor of Berlin
* 1934, October 7: [[Ulrike Meinhof]], † May 9 1976 [[Stuttgart]], [[journalism|journalist]] and [[Militant|Militant]] ([[Red Army Faction]])
* 1946, March 24: [[Su Kramer]] alias Gudrun Kramer, [[Singer]]
* 1952, July 17: [[Judith Jupe]], [[Singer]]
* 1959, January 17: [[Andrea Clausen]], actress at [[Burgtheater]] in [[Vienna]]
* 1974, May 28: [[Hans-Jörg Butt]], [[Football (soccer)|Soccer]] player
* 1976, September 16: [[Marc Noffke]], [[Professional in Japanology]]
===Famous People who worked in Oldenburg===
* [[Hermann Ludwig Ehlers]], * 1904 [[Schöneberg]] near [[Berlin]], † 1954, Politician ([[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]), [[Bundestag (Germany)|President of the Bundestag]], worked in the city council of Oldenburg at the beginning of his career
* [[Horst Janssen]], * November 14 1929 Oldenburg, † August 31 1995 [[Hamburg]], Artist, lived in Oldenburg
* [[Johann Heinrich Suhrkamp]], * March 23 1891 near Oldenburg, March 31 1959 [[Frankfurt]], founder of the Suhrkamp [[Publisher|Publishing House]]
* [[Cäcilie von Oldenburg]], died there in 1844
== External links ==
{{commons|Category:Oldenburg (Oldenburg)}}
* [http://www.oldenburg.de/ Official City Website]
* [http://www.oldenburg-tourist.de/ Tourist Information]
* [http://www.oldenburg-geschichte.de/ History of Oldenburg] {{de icon}}
* [http://www.strassen-von-oldenburg.de/ The Actual Streets of Oldenburg] {{de icon}}
* {{Wikitravel}}
{{Germany districts lower saxony}}
[[ar:أولدنبورغ]]
[[bg:Олденбург]]
[[da:Oldenburg]]
[[de:Oldenburg (Oldenburg)]]
[[et:Oldenburg]]
[[es:Oldenburgo]]
[[eo:Oldenburgo]]
[[fr:Oldenbourg (ville)]]
[[ko:올덴부르크]]
[[id:Oldenburg]]
[[is:Aldinborg]]
[[it:Oldenburg]]
[[ka:ოლდენბურგი]]
[[lb:Oldenburg]]
[[nl:Oldenburg (Nedersaksen)]]
[[ja:オルデンブルク]]
[[no:Oldenburg (Oldenburg)]]
[[nn:Byen Oldenburg]]
[[nds:Ollnborg]]
[[pl:Oldenburg (miasto)]]
[[pt:Oldemburgo]]
[[ro:Oldenburg (Oldenburg)]]
[[ru:Ольденбург]]
[[sco:Ollnborg]]
[[simple:Oldenburg]]
[[sr:Олденбург]]
[[fi:Oldenburg]]
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[[zh:奥尔登堡]]