Oncorhynchus
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2008-06-10T17:35:00Z
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robot Adding: [[it:Oncorhynchus]]
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Oncorhynchus''
| fossil_range = Late [[Miocene]] - Recent
| image = Oncorhynchus nerka 2.jpg
| image_width = 260px
| image_caption = [[Sockeye Salmon]], ''Oncorhynchus nerka''<br/>Female (above) and male in mating season<br/>Note male with kype (hooked jaws)
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| superclassis = [[Osteichthyes]]
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| subclassis = [[Neopterygii]]
| infraclassis = [[Teleostei]]
| superordo = [[Protacanthopterygii]]
| ordo = [[Salmoniformes]]
| familia = [[Salmonidae]]
| genus = '''''[[Oncorhynchus]]'''''
| genus_authority = [[George Suckley|Suckley]], 1861
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
Around one dozen, see text.
}}
'''''Oncorhynchus''''' is a [[genus]] of in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Salmonidae]]; it contains the '''Pacific [[salmon]]s''' and '''Pacific [[trout]]s'''. The name of the genus is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''onkos'' ("hook") and ''rynchos'' ("nose"), in reference to the "[[kype]]" - the hooked jaw of males in mating season. Their range extends from [[Beringia]] southwards, roughly to [[Japan]] and the southwestern [[USA]].
Salmon and trout with [[Range (biology)|ranges]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]] waters are members of the genus. Unlike many trout [[species]] of the mainly European genus ''[[Salmo]]'', most ''Oncorhynchus'' are [[Fish migration|anadromous]] (migratory) and die after [[Spawn (biology)|spawning]].
==Systematics==
* ''[[Oncorhynchus chrysogaster]]'' – [[Mexican golden trout]]<!-- and as many as eight other species or [[subspecies]] in northwest [[Mexico]], not yet formally named [a) put on page b) "as many as" in such press releases usually means 0-2] -->
* ''[[Oncorhynchus clarkii]]'' – [[Cutthroat trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki alvordensis]]'' – [[Alvord cutthroat trout]] (possibly [[extinct]])
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri]]'' – [[Yellowstone cutthroat trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki behnkei]]'' – [[Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki clarki]]'' – [[Coastal cutthroat trout]]
*** [[Oncorhynchus clarki clarki f. crescentii|''Oncorhynchus clarki clarki'' f. ''crescentii'']] – [[Lake Crescent cutthroat trout]], Crescenti trout (sometimes ''O. c. crescentii'')
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi]]'' – [[Lahontan cutthroat trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi]]'' – [[Westslope cutthroat trout]], Black-spotted cutthroat trout
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki macdonaldi]]'' – [[Yellowfin cutthroat trout]] ([[extinct]])
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus]]'' – [[Colorado River cutthroat trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris]]'' – [[Paiute cutthroat trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki stomias]]'' – [[Greenback cutthroat trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki utah]]'' – [[Bonneville cutthroat trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki virginalis]]'' – [[Rio Grande cutthroat trout]]
* ''[[Oncorhynchus gilae]]'' – [[Gila trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus gilae apache|Oncorhynchus (gilae) apache]]'' – [[Apache trout]], Arizona trout
* ''[[Oncorhynchus gorbuscha]]'' – [[Pink salmon]], Humpback salmon
* ''[[Oncorhynchus keta]]'' – [[Chum salmon]], Dog salmon, Keta salmon, Silverbrite salmon
* ''[[Oncorhynchus kisutch]]'' – [[Coho salmon]], Silver salmon, "[[silvers]]"
* ''[[Oncorhynchus masou]]'' – [[Seema]], Cherry salmon, Japanese salmon, Masu salmon, "[[sema]]", "[[sima]]"
** ''Oncorhynchus masou formosanum'' – Taiwanese salmon, Formosan salmon
** ''[[Oncorhynchus masou ishikawai]]'' – [[Satsukimasu salmon]], Red-spotted masu salmon, ''amago'' (formerly ''O. ishikawai'', sometimes included in ''O. masou masou'')
** [[Oncorhynchus masou var. iwame|''Oncorhynchus masou'' var. ''iwame'']] – [[Iwame trout]], Markless trout (formerly ''O. iwame'')
** ''Oncorhynchus masou masou'' – Yamame
** ''[[Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus]]'' – [[Biwa trout]]
* ''[[Oncorhynchus mykiss]]'' – [[Rainbow trout]], Steelhead, Ocean trout, [[Redband trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita|Oncorhynchus (mykiss) aguabonita]]'' – [[Golden trout]]
** ''[[Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdnerii]]'' – [[Columbia River redband trout]]
** ''Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus'' – Coastal rainbow trout
*** [[Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus f. beardsleei|''Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus'' f. ''beardsleei'']] – [[Beardslee trout]], "[[blueback]]" (sometimes ''O. m. beardsleei'')
** ''[[Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii]]'' – [[Great Basin redband trout]]
* ''[[Oncorhynchus nerka]]'' – [[Sockeye salmon]], Red salmon, Blueback salmon, Kokanee
* ''[[Oncorhynchus rhodurus]]'' <small>Jordan & McGregor, 1925</small>
* ''[[Oncorhynchus tshawytscha]]'' – [[Chinook salmon]], Blackmouth, Black salmon, Chub salmon, Columbia River salmon, Hookbill salmon, King salmon, Quinnat salmon, Spring salmon, Tyee salmon, Winter salmon
''[[Oncorhynchus rastrosus]]'', the [[Sabertooth salmon]] (sometimes called ''Smilodonichthys''), was a 9-foot-(3 meter-)long species known from from [[Late Miocene]] to [[Pleistocene]] [[fossil]].<ref>Sepkoski (2002)</ref>
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
{{commonscat}}
* {{aut|Behnke, Robert J.}} (2002): ''Trout and Salmon of North America''. Free Press, 2002.
* {{aut|[[FishBase]]}} (2006): [http://fishbase.se/NomenClature/ValidNameList.cfm?criteria=SYNONYMS.SynGenus+%3D+%27Oncorhynchus%27++AND+SYNONYMS.SynSpecies+like+%27%25%25%27+&vtitle=Scientific+Names+where+genus+equals+%3Ci%3EOncorhynchus%3C%2Fi%3E ''Oncorhynchus'' species]. Version of 2006-MAR-14. Retrieved 2008-JAN-31.
* {{aut|Sepkoski, Jack}} (2002): Osteichthyes. ''In:'' A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. ''Bulletin of American Paleontology'' '''364''': 560. [http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class HTML fulltext]
* {{aut|Stearley, R.F. & Smoth, G.R.}} (1993): Phylogeny of the Pacific trout and salmon (''Oncorhynchus'') and the genera of family Salmonidae. ''Transactions of the American Fisheries Society'' '''122'''(1): 1-33. <small>[[Digital Object Identifier|DOI]]:10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0001:POTPTA>2.3.CO;2</small> [http://afs.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1577%2F1548-8659(1993)122%3C0001:POTPTA%3E2.3.CO%3B2 HTML fulltext]
==External links==
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7327524.stm US mulls Pacific salmon fishing ban]
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