Oncorhynchus 1880422 218438933 2008-06-10T17:35:00Z Thijs!bot 1392310 robot Adding: [[it:Oncorhynchus]] {{Taxobox | name = ''Oncorhynchus'' | fossil_range = Late [[Miocene]] - Recent | image = Oncorhynchus nerka 2.jpg | image_width = 260px | image_caption = [[Sockeye Salmon]], ''Oncorhynchus nerka''<br/>Female (above) and male in mating season<br/>Note male with kype (hooked jaws) | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordata]] | superclassis = [[Osteichthyes]] | classis = [[Actinopterygii]] | subclassis = [[Neopterygii]] | infraclassis = [[Teleostei]] | superordo = [[Protacanthopterygii]] | ordo = [[Salmoniformes]] | familia = [[Salmonidae]] | genus = '''''[[Oncorhynchus]]''''' | genus_authority = [[George Suckley|Suckley]], 1861 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = Around one dozen, see text. }} '''''Oncorhynchus''''' is a [[genus]] of in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Salmonidae]]; it contains the '''Pacific [[salmon]]s''' and '''Pacific [[trout]]s'''. The name of the genus is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''onkos'' ("hook") and ''rynchos'' ("nose"), in reference to the "[[kype]]" - the hooked jaw of males in mating season. Their range extends from [[Beringia]] southwards, roughly to [[Japan]] and the southwestern [[USA]]. Salmon and trout with [[Range (biology)|ranges]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]] waters are members of the genus. Unlike many trout [[species]] of the mainly European genus ''[[Salmo]]'', most ''Oncorhynchus'' are [[Fish migration|anadromous]] (migratory) and die after [[Spawn (biology)|spawning]]. ==Systematics== * ''[[Oncorhynchus chrysogaster]]'' &ndash; [[Mexican golden trout]]<!-- and as many as eight other species or [[subspecies]] in northwest [[Mexico]], not yet formally named [a) put on page b) "as many as" in such press releases usually means 0-2] --> * ''[[Oncorhynchus clarkii]]'' &ndash; [[Cutthroat trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki alvordensis]]'' &ndash; [[Alvord cutthroat trout]] (possibly [[extinct]]) ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri]]'' &ndash; [[Yellowstone cutthroat trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki behnkei]]'' &ndash; [[Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki clarki]]'' &ndash; [[Coastal cutthroat trout]] *** [[Oncorhynchus clarki clarki f. crescentii|''Oncorhynchus clarki clarki'' f. ''crescentii'']] &ndash; [[Lake Crescent cutthroat trout]], Crescenti trout (sometimes ''O. c. crescentii'') ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi]]'' &ndash; [[Lahontan cutthroat trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi]]'' &ndash; [[Westslope cutthroat trout]], Black-spotted cutthroat trout ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki macdonaldi]]'' &ndash; [[Yellowfin cutthroat trout]] ([[extinct]]) ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus]]'' &ndash; [[Colorado River cutthroat trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris]]'' &ndash; [[Paiute cutthroat trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki stomias]]'' &ndash; [[Greenback cutthroat trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki utah]]'' &ndash; [[Bonneville cutthroat trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus clarki virginalis]]'' &ndash; [[Rio Grande cutthroat trout]] * ''[[Oncorhynchus gilae]]'' &ndash; [[Gila trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus gilae apache|Oncorhynchus (gilae) apache]]'' &ndash; [[Apache trout]], Arizona trout * ''[[Oncorhynchus gorbuscha]]'' &ndash; [[Pink salmon]], Humpback salmon * ''[[Oncorhynchus keta]]'' &ndash; [[Chum salmon]], Dog salmon, Keta salmon, Silverbrite salmon * ''[[Oncorhynchus kisutch]]'' &ndash; [[Coho salmon]], Silver salmon, "[[silvers]]" * ''[[Oncorhynchus masou]]'' &ndash; [[Seema]], Cherry salmon, Japanese salmon, Masu salmon, "[[sema]]", "[[sima]]" ** ''Oncorhynchus masou formosanum'' &ndash; Taiwanese salmon, Formosan salmon ** ''[[Oncorhynchus masou ishikawai]]'' &ndash; [[Satsukimasu salmon]], Red-spotted masu salmon, ''amago'' (formerly ''O. ishikawai'', sometimes included in ''O. masou masou'') ** [[Oncorhynchus masou var. iwame|''Oncorhynchus masou'' var. ''iwame'']] &ndash; [[Iwame trout]], Markless trout (formerly ''O. iwame'') ** ''Oncorhynchus masou masou'' &ndash; Yamame ** ''[[Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus]]'' &ndash; [[Biwa trout]] * ''[[Oncorhynchus mykiss]]'' &ndash; [[Rainbow trout]], Steelhead, Ocean trout, [[Redband trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita|Oncorhynchus (mykiss) aguabonita]]'' &ndash; [[Golden trout]] ** ''[[Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdnerii]]'' &ndash; [[Columbia River redband trout]] ** ''Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus'' &ndash; Coastal rainbow trout *** [[Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus f. beardsleei|''Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus'' f. ''beardsleei'']] &ndash; [[Beardslee trout]], "[[blueback]]" (sometimes ''O. m. beardsleei'') ** ''[[Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii]]'' &ndash; [[Great Basin redband trout]] * ''[[Oncorhynchus nerka]]'' &ndash; [[Sockeye salmon]], Red salmon, Blueback salmon, Kokanee * ''[[Oncorhynchus rhodurus]]'' <small>Jordan & McGregor, 1925</small> * ''[[Oncorhynchus tshawytscha]]'' &ndash; [[Chinook salmon]], Blackmouth, Black salmon, Chub salmon, Columbia River salmon, Hookbill salmon, King salmon, Quinnat salmon, Spring salmon, Tyee salmon, Winter salmon ''[[Oncorhynchus rastrosus]]'', the [[Sabertooth salmon]] (sometimes called ''Smilodonichthys''), was a 9-foot-(3 meter-)long species known from from [[Late Miocene]] to [[Pleistocene]] [[fossil]].<ref>Sepkoski (2002)</ref> ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} ==References== {{commonscat}} * {{aut|Behnke, Robert J.}} (2002): ''Trout and Salmon of North America''. Free Press, 2002. * {{aut|[[FishBase]]}} (2006): [http://fishbase.se/NomenClature/ValidNameList.cfm?criteria=SYNONYMS.SynGenus+%3D+%27Oncorhynchus%27++AND+SYNONYMS.SynSpecies+like+%27%25%25%27+&vtitle=Scientific+Names+where+genus+equals+%3Ci%3EOncorhynchus%3C%2Fi%3E ''Oncorhynchus'' species]. Version of 2006-MAR-14. Retrieved 2008-JAN-31. * {{aut|Sepkoski, Jack}} (2002): Osteichthyes. ''In:'' A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. ''Bulletin of American Paleontology'' '''364''': 560. [http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class HTML fulltext] * {{aut|Stearley, R.F. & Smoth, G.R.}} (1993): Phylogeny of the Pacific trout and salmon (''Oncorhynchus'') and the genera of family Salmonidae. ''Transactions of the American Fisheries Society'' '''122'''(1): 1-33. <small>[[Digital Object Identifier|DOI]]:10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0001:POTPTA>2.3.CO;2</small> [http://afs.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1577%2F1548-8659(1993)122%3C0001:POTPTA%3E2.3.CO%3B2 HTML fulltext] ==External links== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7327524.stm US mulls Pacific salmon fishing ban] [[Category:Oncorhynchus|*]] [[de:Oncorhynchus]] [[es:Oncorhynchus]] [[fr:Oncorhynchus]] [[it:Oncorhynchus]] [[nl:Pacifische zalmen]] [[pl:Łososie pacyficzne]] [[fi:Tyynenmerenlohet]] [[sv:Stillahavslaxar]] [[tr:Oncorhynchus]] [[zh:太平洋鮭屬]]