Ophthalmoparesis
2968665
178303254
2007-12-16T15:52:26Z
Arcadian
104523
/* Treatment and prognosis */ [[Paresis]]
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Image = |
Caption = |
DiseasesDB = 9240 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|H|49|3|h|49}}-{{ICD10|H|49|4|h|49}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|367.52}}, {{ICD9|376.22}}, {{ICD9|378.55}}, {{ICD9|378.56}}, {{ICD9|378.72}}, {{ICD9|378.86}}, {{ICD9|378.9}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = |
eMedicineSubj = |
eMedicineTopic = |
MeshID = D009886 |
}}
'''Ophthalmoparesis''' is a physical finding in certain [[neurology|neurologic]] illnesses. It refers to paralysis of the [[extraocular muscles]] which are responsible for [[eye movements]]. It can refer to complete paralysis of the eyes, in which case it is synonymous with '''ophthalmoplegia'''. More usually, it refers to a partial paralysis, in contrast to the complete paralysis denoted by ophthalmoplegia.
==Classification==
Ophthalmoparesis can involve any or all of the extraocular muscles, which include the [[superior rectus muscle|superior recti]], [[inferior rectus muscle|inferior recti]], [[medial rectus muscle|medial recti]], [[lateral rectus muscle|lateral recti]], [[inferior oblique muscle|inferior oblique]] and [[superior oblique muscle]]s.
It can also be classified by the directions of affected movements, e.g. "vertical ophthalmoparesis".
==Causes==
Ophthalmoparesis can result from disorders of various parts of the eye and nervous system:
* The [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]] of the eye, including mechanical restrictions of eye movement, as in [[Graves disease]].
* The [[muscle]], as in [[progressive external ophthalmoplegia]] or [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]]
* The [[neuromuscular junction]], as in [[myasthenia gravis]].
* The [[cranial nerve]]s or their brainstem nuclei of the [[oculomotor nerve|oculomotor]], [[trochlear nerve|trochlear]], and [[abducens nerve|abducens]].
* White matter tracts in the brainstem, as in [[internuclear ophthalmoplegia]], an occasional finding in [[multiple sclerosis]].
* Injury to supranuclear structures, as in [[progressive supranuclear palsy]].
* Very rarely, disorders of higher brain structures, including the [[parietal lobe]]s of the cerebral cortex.
[[Thiamine]] deficiency can cause '''ophthalmoparesis''' in susceptible persons; this is part of the syndrome called [[Wernicke encephalopathy]]. The causal pathway by which this occurs is unknown. Intoxication with certain substances, such as [[phenytoin]], can also cause ophthalmoparesis.
==Treatment and prognosis==
Treatment and prognosis depend on the underlying condition.
==See also==
* [[Paresis]]
{{Eye pathology}}
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Medical signs]]
[[sv:Internukleär oftalmoplegi]]