Ophthalmoparesis 2968665 178303254 2007-12-16T15:52:26Z Arcadian 104523 /* Treatment and prognosis */ [[Paresis]] {{Infobox_Disease | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = 9240 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|H|49|3|h|49}}-{{ICD10|H|49|4|h|49}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|367.52}}, {{ICD9|376.22}}, {{ICD9|378.55}}, {{ICD9|378.56}}, {{ICD9|378.72}}, {{ICD9|378.86}}, {{ICD9|378.9}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D009886 | }} '''Ophthalmoparesis''' is a physical finding in certain [[neurology|neurologic]] illnesses. It refers to paralysis of the [[extraocular muscles]] which are responsible for [[eye movements]]. It can refer to complete paralysis of the eyes, in which case it is synonymous with '''ophthalmoplegia'''. More usually, it refers to a partial paralysis, in contrast to the complete paralysis denoted by ophthalmoplegia. ==Classification== Ophthalmoparesis can involve any or all of the extraocular muscles, which include the [[superior rectus muscle|superior recti]], [[inferior rectus muscle|inferior recti]], [[medial rectus muscle|medial recti]], [[lateral rectus muscle|lateral recti]], [[inferior oblique muscle|inferior oblique]] and [[superior oblique muscle]]s. It can also be classified by the directions of affected movements, e.g. "vertical ophthalmoparesis". ==Causes== Ophthalmoparesis can result from disorders of various parts of the eye and nervous system: * The [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]] of the eye, including mechanical restrictions of eye movement, as in [[Graves disease]]. * The [[muscle]], as in [[progressive external ophthalmoplegia]] or [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]] * The [[neuromuscular junction]], as in [[myasthenia gravis]]. * The [[cranial nerve]]s or their brainstem nuclei of the [[oculomotor nerve|oculomotor]], [[trochlear nerve|trochlear]], and [[abducens nerve|abducens]]. * White matter tracts in the brainstem, as in [[internuclear ophthalmoplegia]], an occasional finding in [[multiple sclerosis]]. * Injury to supranuclear structures, as in [[progressive supranuclear palsy]]. * Very rarely, disorders of higher brain structures, including the [[parietal lobe]]s of the cerebral cortex. [[Thiamine]] deficiency can cause '''ophthalmoparesis''' in susceptible persons; this is part of the syndrome called [[Wernicke encephalopathy]]. The causal pathway by which this occurs is unknown. Intoxication with certain substances, such as [[phenytoin]], can also cause ophthalmoparesis. ==Treatment and prognosis== Treatment and prognosis depend on the underlying condition. ==See also== * [[Paresis]] {{Eye pathology}} [[Category:Neurology]] [[Category:Medical signs]] [[sv:Internukleär oftalmoplegi]]