Oral candidiasis 878898 223719833 2008-07-05T12:52:27Z Arcadian 104523 mesh {{Infobox_Disease | Name = Oral candidiasis | Image = Oral thrush.JPG | Caption = Oral thrush | DiseasesDB = 29743 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|37|0|b|35}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|112.0}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000966 | eMedicineSubj = derm | eMedicineTopic = 68 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|2245}} | MeshID = D002180 }} '''Oral [[candidiasis]]''' is an infection of [[yeast]] fungi of the genus ''[[Candida]]'' on the mucous membranes of the [[mouth]]. It is frequently caused by ''[[Candida albicans]]'', or less commonly by ''[[Candida glabrata]]'' or ''[[Candida tropicalis]]''. ''Oral thrush'' may refers to candidiasis in the mouths of babies, while if occurring in the mouth or throat of adults it may also be termed ''candidosis'' or ''moniliasis''. ==Symptoms== Oral infections by Candida species usually appear as thick white or cream-coloured deposits on [[Mucosa|mucosal membranes]]. The infected mucosa of the mouth may appear [[inflamed]] (red and possibly slightly raised). In babies the condition is termed thrush and is usually painless and causes no discomfort. Adults may experience discomfort or burning.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} ==Special risk groups== * [[Newborn]] babies. * Diabetics with poorly controlled [[diabetes]]. * As a side effect of medication, most commonly having taken [[antibiotic]]s. Inhaled [[corticosteroid]]s for treatment of lung conditions (e.g, [[Asthma]] or [[COPD]]) may also result in oral candidiasis which may be reduced by regularly rinsing the mouth with water after taking the medication. * People with an [[immune deficiency]] (e.g. as a result of [[AIDS]]/[[HIV]] or [[chemotherapy]] treatment). * Women undergoing hormonal changes, like pregnancy or those on birth control pills. * People with fresh oral piercings coming in regular contact with yeast.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} * [[Denture]] users. * [[Smokers]]. ==Thrush and Breastfeeding== Because of the increased use of antibiotics in laboring women to reduce the transmission of [[Group B streptococcal infection]] to the infant, thrush has become more prevalent. Symptoms include an oral rash in the infant's mouth, a diaper rash that does not heal with conventional diaper rash treatments and ointments, or burning, painful nipples of the breastfeeding mother. The rash and pain experienced by the mother can range from severe to mild and may complicate [[breastfeeding]]. Because thrush is assumed to be benign, it may be difficult to obtain treatment for an outbreak in the diaper area of an infant or mother's nipples. Over-the-counter yeast infection cream, that comes in the 7-day package, can be applied to the skin with good results within 24 - 48 hours. It should be washed off nipples before breastfeeding.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} ==Treatment== [[Image:Oralcandi.JPG|280px|thumb|right|Oral candidiasis on the [[tongue]] and soft [[palate]].]] Oral candidiasis can be treated with topical [[anti-fungal]] drugs, such as [[nystatin]] (mycostatin), [[miconazole]] or [[amphotericin B]]. Patients who are immunocompromised, either with HIV/AIDS or as a result of chemotherapy, may require systemic treatment with oral or intravenous administered anti-fungals. ==See Also== * [[Tonsillolith]] ==References== * {{cite web | author=John Pillinger, Flemming Andersen and Ulla Søderberg | title=Oral thrush (fungal infection in the mouth) | url=http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/oralthrush.htm | date=6 July 2005 | publisher=NetDoctor | accessdate=2007-03-30}}<!-- source used in constructing original article (and copyvio'd until 30 Mrch 2005) - see talk page --> ==External links== * [http://www.oralthrush.net Oral Thrush symptoms, risk groups and details] * [http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/thrushadult.html Links to pictures of Oral Thrush (Hardin MD/Univ of Iowa)] * {{cite journal |author=Karen Zeretzke |title=Yeast Infections and the Breastfeeding Family: Helping mothers find relief for symptoms and treatment for the infection preserves the breastfeeding relationship |journal=LEAVEN ([[La Leche League International]]) |volume=34 |issue=5 |month=October-November |year=1998 |pages=91–96 |url=http://www.lalecheleague.org/llleaderweb/LV/LVOctNov98p91.html}} [[Category:Fungal diseases]] {{Mycoses}} [[da:Trøske (infektion)]] [[it:Mughetto (malattia)]] [[tr:Pamukçuk]]