Orchard
168008
225986553
2008-07-16T09:48:05Z
Blokenearexeter
7028175
/* External links */
{{Mergefrom|Fruit garden|date=January 2008}}
{{otheruses1|the planting of trees in agriculture}}
[[Image:Lemon Orchard in the Galilee by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|A [[lemon]] orchard in the [[Upper Galilee]] of Israel.]]
[[Image:Orchard3.jpg|thumb|right|A community [[apple]] orchard originally planted for productive use during the 1920's, in [[Westcliff on Sea]] ([[Essex]], [[England]])]]
[[Image:Tuebingen_Streuobstwiese.jpg|thumb|right|Streuobstwiese, a rural community orchard, traditionally for productive use. Today endorsed for its quality of habitat and biodiversity]]
[[Image:Sour cherry 3428.JPG|thumb|right|Sour [[cherry]] [[orchard]] on [[Lake Erie]] shoreline ([[Leamington, Ontario]])]]
[[Image:Persimmon Garden.jpg|thumb|right|A [[persimmon]] orchard in northern [[Kansai region]], Japan]]
An '''orchard''' is an intentional planting of [[tree]]s or [[shrub]]s maintained for [[food]] [[agriculture|production]]. Orchards comprise either [[fruit]] or [[nut (fruit)|nut]]-producing trees (see [[fruit tree]]s), for commercial production. Orchards are also sometimes a feature of large [[garden]]s, where they serve an [[aesthetic]] as well as a productive purpose.<ref>{{citebook|title=Practical Orchard Plans and Methods: How to Begin and Carry on the Work |author= Luther Burbank|publisher=The Minerva Group|id=ISBN 1414701411}}</ref>
Most [[temperate]]-zone orchards are laid out in a regular grid, with a grazed or mown [[lawn|grass]] or bare [[soil]] base that makes maintenance and fruit gathering easy.
Orchards are often concentrated near bodies of water, where [[climate|climatic]] extremes are [[microclimate|moderated]] and [[flower|blossom]] time is retarded until [[frost]] danger is past.
The [[forest garden]] is a food production system that is closely related to the orchard. A move towards more [[ecology|ecologically]]-friendly coffee production has led to forest-garden production of coffee. [[Brazil Nut]]s and [[rubber]] are being produced in such a method in some areas.
Often, mixed orchards are planted. In Europe [[Quince]] is sometimes planted along with apples.
==Streuobstwiesen==
See also the "[[:de:Streuobstwiese]]", a traditional landscape in the temperate, maritime climate of continental Western Europe. While Streuobstwiesen were kind of a rural community orchard in the 19th and early 20th century, originally meant for productive use of [[stone fruit]], ecologists successfully propagated to have indirect state subsidizing for valuable [[Habitat]]s and [[Biodiversity]] and beautiful landscapes. Even old conventional orchards provide a suitable habitat for many animal species that live in cultural landscape. A notable example is the [[hoopoe]] that nests in tree hollows of old fruit trees and is threatened in many parts of [[Europe]] because of the destruction of old orchards (in absence of other suitable nesting sites).<ref>Berhens M. ''[http://www.foei.org/en/publications/pdfs/wel-e.pdf Why hoopoes won't trade]''. A Pro Natura Publication on the Global Economy and Nature. Pro Natura, Switzerland.</ref>
==Crops==
;Tropical areas
*[[Banana]]
*[[Cacao]]
*[[Coconut]]
*[[Coffee]]
*[[Durian]]
*[[Guava]]
*[[Mango]]
*[[Papaya]]
*[[Rambutan]]
*[[Tea]]
;Subtropical areas
*[[Citrus]] ([[Grapefruit]], [[Lemon]], [[Mandarin orange|Mandarin]], [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]], etc.)
*[[Date Palm]]
*[[Lychee]]
;Temperate areas
*[[Apple]]
*[[Apricots]]
*[[Bayberry]]
*[[Blackberry]]
*[[Blueberry]]
*[[Cherry]]
*[[Chestnut]]
*[[Cranberry]]
*[[Governor 's plum]]
*[[Hazel]]
*[[Jingko]]
*[[Peach]]
*[[Pear]]
*[[Pecan]]
*[[Persian Walnut|Walnut]]
*[[Plum]]
*[[Persimmon]]
*[[Raspberry]]
*[[Sandpear]]
==Orchards by region==
The most extensive orchards in the [[United States]] are apple and orange orchards, although citrus orchards are more commonly called groves. The most extensive apple orchard area is in eastern [[Washington]] state, while there are extensive orange orchards in [[Florida]] and southern [[California]]. A particular advantage of growing apples on the high plateau areas of Washington state is that it is possible to grow high-quality [[organic food|organic]] apples. In eastern [[North America]] many orchards are along the shores of [[Lake Michigan]], [[Lake Erie]], and [[Lake Ontario]].
[[Murcia]] is a major orchard area in Europe, with citrus crops. New Zealand, China, Argentina, and Chile also have extensive apple orchards.
==Towns associated with Orchards==
[[Tenbury Wells]] in [[Worcestershire]] has been called ''The Town in the Orchard'' since the 19th century because it was surrounded by extensive orchards. Today this heritage is celebrated through an annual [[Applefest]] - see http://www.applefest.org.uk
==Airports associated with Orchards==
*[[O'Hare International Airport#History|ORD]]
*[[Orchard Field]]
==Historical Orchards==
*[[Orchard House]] in [[Concord, Massachusetts]] the residence of American celebrated writer [[Louisa May Alcott]]
==See also==
* [[Berry|Berries]]
* [[Citrus]]
* [[Forest garden]]
* [[Fruit]]
* [[Fruit trees]]
* [[Fruit tree forms]]
* [[Fruit tree pollination]]
* [[Fruit tree propagation]]
* [[Pruning fruit trees]]
* [[Drupe]]
==References==
<references/>
==External links==
* [http://www.homeorchardsociety.org Home Orchard Society]
* [http://www.nafex.org North American Fruit Explorers]
* [http://www.england-in-particular.info Orchards pathway on England In Particular]
* [http://ssfruit.cas.psu.edu/ Pennsylvania tree fruit production guide; a guide on how to set up an orchard in practice]
* [http://naturalengland.communisis.com/NaturalEnglandShop/product.aspx?ProductID=1a6da43e-b42f-456d-879d-49434fb6c711 Traditional Orchards A Summary] by [[Natural England]]. Other free publications are also available in the same series on this website.
[[Category:Agricultural establishments]]
[[Category:Horticulture]]
[[Category:Gardening]]
{{Link FA|de}}
[[bg:Овощна градина]]
[[de:Streuobstwiese]]
[[fr:Verger]]
[[he:פרדס]]
[[lb:Bongert]]
[[li:Bóngerd]]
[[nl:Boomgaard]]
[[ja:果樹園]]
[[pl:Sadownictwo]]
[[pt:Pomar]]
[[sl:Sadovnjak]]
[[uk:Садівництво]]