Orchard 168008 225986553 2008-07-16T09:48:05Z Blokenearexeter 7028175 /* External links */ {{Mergefrom|Fruit garden|date=January 2008}} {{otheruses1|the planting of trees in agriculture}} [[Image:Lemon Orchard in the Galilee by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|A [[lemon]] orchard in the [[Upper Galilee]] of Israel.]] [[Image:Orchard3.jpg|thumb|right|A community [[apple]] orchard originally planted for productive use during the 1920's, in [[Westcliff on Sea]] ([[Essex]], [[England]])]] [[Image:Tuebingen_Streuobstwiese.jpg|thumb|right|Streuobstwiese, a rural community orchard, traditionally for productive use. Today endorsed for its quality of habitat and biodiversity]] [[Image:Sour cherry 3428.JPG|thumb|right|Sour [[cherry]] [[orchard]] on [[Lake Erie]] shoreline ([[Leamington, Ontario]])]] [[Image:Persimmon Garden.jpg|thumb|right|A [[persimmon]] orchard in northern [[Kansai region]], Japan]] An '''orchard''' is an intentional planting of [[tree]]s or [[shrub]]s maintained for [[food]] [[agriculture|production]]. Orchards comprise either [[fruit]] or [[nut (fruit)|nut]]-producing trees (see [[fruit tree]]s), for commercial production. Orchards are also sometimes a feature of large [[garden]]s, where they serve an [[aesthetic]] as well as a productive purpose.<ref>{{citebook|title=Practical Orchard Plans and Methods: How to Begin and Carry on the Work |author= Luther Burbank|publisher=The Minerva Group|id=ISBN 1414701411}}</ref> Most [[temperate]]-zone orchards are laid out in a regular grid, with a grazed or mown [[lawn|grass]] or bare [[soil]] base that makes maintenance and fruit gathering easy. Orchards are often concentrated near bodies of water, where [[climate|climatic]] extremes are [[microclimate|moderated]] and [[flower|blossom]] time is retarded until [[frost]] danger is past. The [[forest garden]] is a food production system that is closely related to the orchard. A move towards more [[ecology|ecologically]]-friendly coffee production has led to forest-garden production of coffee. [[Brazil Nut]]s and [[rubber]] are being produced in such a method in some areas. Often, mixed orchards are planted. In Europe [[Quince]] is sometimes planted along with apples. ==Streuobstwiesen== See also the "[[:de:Streuobstwiese]]", a traditional landscape in the temperate, maritime climate of continental Western Europe. While Streuobstwiesen were kind of a rural community orchard in the 19th and early 20th century, originally meant for productive use of [[stone fruit]], ecologists successfully propagated to have indirect state subsidizing for valuable [[Habitat]]s and [[Biodiversity]] and beautiful landscapes. Even old conventional orchards provide a suitable habitat for many animal species that live in cultural landscape. A notable example is the [[hoopoe]] that nests in tree hollows of old fruit trees and is threatened in many parts of [[Europe]] because of the destruction of old orchards (in absence of other suitable nesting sites).<ref>Berhens M. ''[http://www.foei.org/en/publications/pdfs/wel-e.pdf Why hoopoes won't trade]''. A Pro Natura Publication on the Global Economy and Nature. Pro Natura, Switzerland.</ref> ==Crops== ;Tropical areas *[[Banana]] *[[Cacao]] *[[Coconut]] *[[Coffee]] *[[Durian]] *[[Guava]] *[[Mango]] *[[Papaya]] *[[Rambutan]] *[[Tea]] ;Subtropical areas *[[Citrus]] ([[Grapefruit]], [[Lemon]], [[Mandarin orange|Mandarin]], [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]], etc.) *[[Date Palm]] *[[Lychee]] ;Temperate areas *[[Apple]] *[[Apricots]] *[[Bayberry]] *[[Blackberry]] *[[Blueberry]] *[[Cherry]] *[[Chestnut]] *[[Cranberry]] *[[Governor 's plum]] *[[Hazel]] *[[Jingko]] *[[Peach]] *[[Pear]] *[[Pecan]] *[[Persian Walnut|Walnut]] *[[Plum]] *[[Persimmon]] *[[Raspberry]] *[[Sandpear]] ==Orchards by region== The most extensive orchards in the [[United States]] are apple and orange orchards, although citrus orchards are more commonly called groves. The most extensive apple orchard area is in eastern [[Washington]] state, while there are extensive orange orchards in [[Florida]] and southern [[California]]. A particular advantage of growing apples on the high plateau areas of Washington state is that it is possible to grow high-quality [[organic food|organic]] apples. In eastern [[North America]] many orchards are along the shores of [[Lake Michigan]], [[Lake Erie]], and [[Lake Ontario]]. [[Murcia]] is a major orchard area in Europe, with citrus crops. New Zealand, China, Argentina, and Chile also have extensive apple orchards. ==Towns associated with Orchards== [[Tenbury Wells]] in [[Worcestershire]] has been called ''The Town in the Orchard'' since the 19th century because it was surrounded by extensive orchards. Today this heritage is celebrated through an annual [[Applefest]] - see http://www.applefest.org.uk ==Airports associated with Orchards== *[[O'Hare International Airport#History|ORD]] *[[Orchard Field]] ==Historical Orchards== *[[Orchard House]] in [[Concord, Massachusetts]] the residence of American celebrated writer [[Louisa May Alcott]] ==See also== * [[Berry|Berries]] * [[Citrus]] * [[Forest garden]] * [[Fruit]] * [[Fruit trees]] * [[Fruit tree forms]] * [[Fruit tree pollination]] * [[Fruit tree propagation]] * [[Pruning fruit trees]] * [[Drupe]] ==References== <references/> ==External links== * [http://www.homeorchardsociety.org Home Orchard Society] * [http://www.nafex.org North American Fruit Explorers] * [http://www.england-in-particular.info Orchards pathway on England In Particular] * [http://ssfruit.cas.psu.edu/ Pennsylvania tree fruit production guide; a guide on how to set up an orchard in practice] * [http://naturalengland.communisis.com/NaturalEnglandShop/product.aspx?ProductID=1a6da43e-b42f-456d-879d-49434fb6c711 Traditional Orchards A Summary] by [[Natural England]]. Other free publications are also available in the same series on this website. [[Category:Agricultural establishments]] [[Category:Horticulture]] [[Category:Gardening]] {{Link FA|de}} [[bg:Овощна градина]] [[de:Streuobstwiese]] [[fr:Verger]] [[he:פרדס]] [[lb:Bongert]] [[li:Bóngerd]] [[nl:Boomgaard]] [[ja:果樹園]] [[pl:Sadownictwo]] [[pt:Pomar]] [[sl:Sadovnjak]] [[uk:Садівництво]]