Orders of magnitude (energy) 939466 224582400 2008-07-09T14:52:13Z 193.134.216.147 /* 103 */ {{Orders of magnitude}} {{portal|Energy}} {{Refimprove|date=July 2007}} This list compares various [[energy|energies]] in [[joule]]s (J), organized by [[order of magnitude]]. <div class="nonumtoc">__TOC__</div> ===Less than 10<sup>-24</sup>=== *3.0×10<sup>−31</sup> J, the average [[kinetic energy]] of a [[molecule]] at the [[Absolute zero#Achieving Record temperatures near absolute zero|lowest temperature reached]] [[as of 2003]] ===10<sup>-24</sup>=== [[International System of Units|SI]] [[SI prefix|prefix]]: [[yocto-]] (yJ) *1.5×10<sup>-23</sup> J, the average kinetic energy of a molecule in the [[Boomerang Nebula]], the coldest place known outside of a laboratory, at a temperature of 1 [[kelvin]] ===10<sup>-21</sup>=== SI prefix: [[zepto-]] (zJ) *4.37×10<sup>-21</sup> J, the average kinetic energy of a molecule at [[room temperature]] *1.602×10<sup>-19</sup> J ≈ 1 [[electronvolt]] (eV) *2.7×10<sup>-19</sup> J &ndash; 5.2×10<sup>-19</sup> J, the energy range of [[photon]]s in [[visible light]] ===10<sup>-18</sup>=== SI prefix: [[atto-]] (aJ) *5.0×10<sup>-18</sup> J, the upper bound of the [[mass-energy]] of a [[neutrino]] in [[particle physics]] ===10<sup>-15</sup>=== SI prefix: [[femto-]] (fJ) *5.0×10<sup>-14</sup> J, the upper bound of the mass-energy of a [[muon neutrino]] *8.187×10<sup>-14</sup> J, the rest mass-energy of an [[electron]] ===10<sup>-12</sup>=== SI prefix: [[pico-]] (pJ) *3.2×10<sup>-11</sup> J, the average total energy released in the fission of one [[uranium-235]] atom *3.5×10<sup>-11</sup> J, the average total energy [[nuclear explosions|released]] in the [[nuclear fission]] of one [[plutonium-239]] [[atom]] *1.503×10<sup>-10</sup> J, the rest mass-energy of a [[proton]] *1.505×10<sup>-10</sup> J, the rest mass-energy of a [[neutron]] *3.005×10<sup>-10</sup> J, the rest mass-energy of a [[deuteron]] *5.972×10<sup>-10</sup> J, the rest mass-energy of an [[alpha particle]] ===10<sup>-9</sup>=== SI prefix: [[nano-]] (nJ) *8×10<sup>-9</sup> J, the initial operating energy per beam of the [[CERN]] [[Large Electron Positron Collider]] in 1983 *1.3×10<sup>-8</sup> J, the mass-energy of a [[W boson]] *1.5×10<sup>-8</sup> J, the mass-energy of a [[Z boson]] *4.3×10<sup>-8</sup> J, the operating energy per beam of the [[CERN]] [[Super Proton Synchrotron]] accelerator in 1981 *1×10<sup>-7</sup> J ≡ 1 [[erg]] *1.6×10<sup>-7</sup> J, one TeV (teraelectronvolt), about the kinetic energy of a flying [[mosquito]]<ref>http://public.web.cern.ch/Public/en/Science/Glossary-en.php</ref> ===10<sup>-6</sup>=== SI prefix: [[micro-]] (µJ) *2×10<sup>-5</sup> J, the energy to pronounce an average [[syllable]] of a word<ref name=wall>{{cite book|title=The Book of Lists|author=Wallechinsky, David; Wallace, Irving; Wallace, Amy|publisher=[[Bantam Books]]|pages=268-271|year=1977 (1st Bantam ed., [[February 1978]])|isbn=0553111507}}</ref> *3×10<sup>-5</sup> J, the energy of one second of moonlight on the human face<ref name=wall/> *1.8×10<sup>-4</sup> J, the expected collision energy of [[lead]] [[Atomic nucleus|nuclei]] in the [[CERN]] [[Large Hadron Collider]] [http://cern.ch/public/ACCELERATORS/LHCacc.html] *9×10<sup>-4</sup> J, the energy of a cricket's chirp or a bee's wingbeat<ref name=wall/>{{dubious}} ===10<sup>-3</sup>=== SI prefix: [[milli-]] (mJ) ===10<sup>-2</sup>=== SI prefix: [[centi-]] (cJ) ===10<sup>-1</sup>=== SI prefix: [[deci-]] (dJ) *1×10<sup>-1</sup> J, the energy of a half-dollar falling 1 metre or of a [[typewriter]] key press<ref name=wall/> ===10<sup>0</sup>=== 1 J in everyday life is approximately: :the energy required to lift a small apple (102 grams) one [[meter]] against Earth's [[gravity]] :the amount of energy that a quiet person produces as [[heat]], every hundredth of a second :the energy required to heat one gram of dry, cool [[Earth's atmosphere|air]] by 1 degree [[Celsius]] *1 J ≡ 1 N·m ([[newton]]-[[metre]]) *1 J ≡ 1 W·s ([[watt]]-second) *1.356 J ≈ 1 ft·lbf ([[foot-pound force]]) *4.184 J ≡ 1 thermochemical [[calorie]] (small calorie) *4.1868 J ≡ 1 International Table calorie (small calorie) *8 J, the [[Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit|Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin]] theoretical upper limit for the energy of a [[cosmic ray]] *9.472 J = Most [[disposable camera]] [[photographic flash|flashes]] use approximately this amount of energy per flash. ===10<sup>1</sup>=== SI prefix: [[deca-]] (daJ) *5×10<sup>1</sup> J, the [[Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray|most energetic cosmic ray]] ever detected, in 1991 *8×10<sup>1</sup> J, the kinetic energy of an average person swinging a [[baseball bat]] ===10<sup>2</sup>=== SI prefix: [[hecto-]] (hJ) *6×10<sup>2</sup> J, the use of a 10-watt flashlight for one minute<ref name=wall/> *7.457×10<sup>2</sup> J, a power of one [[horsepower]] applied for one second *9×10<sup>2</sup> J, the energy of a lethal dose of [[X-ray]]s<ref name=wall/> ===10<sup>3</sup>=== SI prefix: [[kilo-]] (kJ) *1×10<sup>3</sup> J, the energy stored in a typical [[photography]] studio [[xenon flash lamp|strobe light]] *1.05×10<sup>3</sup> J ≈ 1 [[British thermal unit]] (BTU), depending on the [[temperature]] *1.2×10<sup>3</sup> J, the energy in shooting an [[elephant gun]], or in striking a match<ref name=wall/> *1.366×10<sup>3</sup> J, the total [[solar radiation]] received from the [[Sun]] by one [[square meter]] of the Earth's surface per [[second]] (this is the solar constant[http://www.pmodwrc.ch/pmod.php?topic=tsi/composite/SolarConstant]) *1.42×10<sup>3</sup> J, the kinetic energy of a 3.5 g ([[gram]]s) [[AK-74]] [[bullet]] fired at 900 m/s ([[metres per second]])<ref name="KE"><math>KE = \tfrac{1}{2}mv^2</math></ref> *3.28×10<sup>3</sup> J, the kinetic energy of a 9.33 g [[7.62×51 NATO|NATO]] [[rifle]] [[Cartridge (firearms)|cartridge]] fired at 838 m/s<ref name="KE"/> *3.600×10<sup>3</sup> J ≡ 1 W·h ([[watt]]-hour) *4.184×10<sup>3</sup> J, the energy released by explosion of one gram of [[trinitrotoluene|TNT]] *4.186×10<sup>3</sup> J ≡ 1 food [[Calorie]] (large calorie) *1.7×10<sup>4</sup> J, the energy released by the [[metabolism]] of one gram of [[sugar]] or [[protein]] *3.8×10<sup>4</sup> J, the energy released by the metabolism of one gram of [[fat]] *5.0×10<sup>4</sup> J, the energy released by the [[combustion]] of one gram of [[gasoline]] *2×10<sup>5</sup> J—9×10<sup>5</sup> J, the average [[kinetic energy]] of an [[automobile]] at highway speeds *9×10<sup>5</sup> J, the energy of accelerating a 4-ton truck to highway speeds<ref name=wall/> ===10<sup>6</sup>=== SI prefix: [[mega-]] (MJ) *1×10<sup>6</sup> J, approximately the [[nutrition]]al value of a snack such as a [[Mars bar]] *6.3×10<sup>6</sup> J, the recommended nutritional intake per day for a woman not doing heavy labour *8.4×10<sup>6</sup> J, the recommended nutritional intake for a man *1×10<sup>7</sup> J, the energy of a day's worth of heavy labour<ref name=wall/> *1.05×10<sup>8</sup> J ≈ 1 [[therm]], depending on the temperature ===10<sup>9</sup>=== SI prefix: [[giga-]] (GJ) *1.5×10<sup>9</sup> J, the energy in an average [[lightning]] bolt *1.95627185×10<sup>9</sup> J, [[Planck energy]], the unit of energy in [[Planck units]]<ref><math>E_p = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{G}}</math></ref> *3.2×10<sup>9</sup> J, the approximate [[Year|annual]] [[Power (physics)|power]] usage of a standard [[clothes dryer]] *6.12×10<sup>9</sup> J ≈ 1 bboe ([[barrel of oil equivalent]])<ref name="oe">'''[http://www.altenergyaction.org/mambo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9 Energy Units]''', by Arthur Smith, [[21 January]], [[2005]]</ref> *4.19×10<sup>10</sup> J ≈ 1 toe ([[ton of oil equivalent]])<ref name="oe"/> *5×10<sup>10</sup> J, the yield energy of a MOAB ([[Massive Ordnance Air Blast]]) [[bomb]], the second most powerful non-nuclear weapon ever designed (after the Russian [[Father of All Bombs]]) *7.2×10<sup>10</sup> J, the energy consumed by the average U.S. automobile in the year 2000 *8.64×10<sup>10</sup> J ≈ 1 MW·d ([[megawatt]]-day), used in the context of power plants *9×10<sup>11</sup> J, the energy of an [[Atlas rocket]] blasting off<ref name=wall/> ===10<sup>12</sup>=== SI prefix: [[tera-]] (TJ) *1.5×10<sup>13</sup> J, the total human energy consumption per second *3.6×10<sup>13</sup> J, released by an average [[thunderstorm]] *6.3×10<sup>13</sup> J, the approximate [[Nuclear weapon yield|yield]] of the [[Little Boy]] [[atomic bomb]] detonated over [[Hiroshima]], [[Japan]] at the end of [[World War II]] (see the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]])[http://www.warbirdforum.com/hiroshim.htm] *8.78×10<sup>13</sup> J, the yield of the [[Fat Man]] atomic bomb detonated over [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]], Japan at the end of World War II[http://www.warbirdforum.com/hiroshim.htm] *9.0×10<sup>13</sup> J, the theoretical total mass-energy of one gram of matter *6×10<sup>14</sup> J, the energy released by an average hurricane in one second ===10<sup>15</sup>=== SI prefix: [[peta-]] (PJ) *2.07×10<sup>15</sup> J, the yearly [[electricity]] production in [[Togo]], Africa as of 2005<ref name="eia consumption"/> *4.184×10<sup>15</sup> J, the amount of energy in 1 megaton of TNT *1.0×10<sup>16</sup> J, the estimated impact energy released in forming [[Meteor Crater]] *4.42×10<sup>16</sup> J, the yearly electricity consumption in [[Zimbabwe]] as of 2005<ref name="eia consumption"/> *8.988×10<sup>16</sup> J, the amount of energy in 1 kilogram of antimatter *1.74×10<sup>17</sup> J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each second<ref name="sun1">The Earth has a [[cross section (geometry)|cross section]] of 1.274×10<sup>14</sup> [[square meter]]s and the [[solar constant]] is 1366 [[watt]]s per square meter.</ref> *2.1×10<sup>17</sup> J, the yield of the [[Tsar Bomba]], the largest [[nuclear weapon]] ever tested *4.10×10<sup>17</sup> J, the yearly electricity consumption of [[Norway]] as of 2005<ref name="eia consumption"/> *4.184×10<sup>17</sup> J, 100 megatons, a potential [[nuclear weapon]] yield<ref name=wall/> *8.4×10<sup>17</sup> J, the estimated energy released by the eruption of the [[Indonesia]]n [[volcano]], [[Krakatoa]], in 1883<ref>[[Krakatoa#Legacy of the 1883 eruption]]</ref> ===10<sup>18</sup>=== SI prefix: [[exa-]] (EJ) *2×10<sup>18</sup> J, 475 megatons, the energy released by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/faq.php|title=FAQ|publisher=usgs.gov|date=2006-09-19}}</ref> *1.37×10<sup>19</sup> J, the yearly electricity consumption in the U.S. as of 2005<ref name="eia consumption">http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table62.xls from the [[Energy Information Administration]] [http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/electricityconsumption.html]</ref> *1.46×10<sup>19</sup>J, the yearly electricity production in the [[United States|U.S.]] as of 2005<ref name="eia production">http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table63.xls from the [[Energy Information Administration]] [http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/electricitygeneration.html]</ref> *5.2×10<sup>19</sup> J, the daily energy released by an average [[hurricane]] producing rain (400 times greater than the wind energy).<ref>[http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/D7.html FAQ : HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES] noaa.gov</ref> *5.67×10<sup>19</sup> J, the yearly electricity consumption of the world [[as of 2005]]<ref name="eia consumption"/> *6.25*10<sup>19</sup> J, the yearly electricity generation of the world [[as of 2005]]<ref name="eiaint2005">[http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table63.xls]U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Generation </ref> *8.01*10<sup>20</sup> J, Estimated global uranium resources for generating electricity [[2005]].<ref name=iaea>[http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/News/2006/uranium_resources.html Global Uranium Resource]</ref><ref >[http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table63.xls U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Generation]</ref><ref>[http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/electricity.html U.S. EIA International Energy Outlook 2007.] </ref><ref> Final number is computed. Energy Outlook 2007 shows 15.9% of world energy is nuclear. IAEA estimates conventional uranium stock, at today's prices is sufficient for 85 years. Convert billion KW hours to joules then: 6.25*10^19 x .159 x 85 = 8.01*10^20</ref> ===10<sup>21</sup>=== SI prefix: [[zetta-]] (ZJ) *6.5×10<sup>21</sup> J, the estimated energy contained in the world's [[natural gas]] [[reserves]] as of 2006<ref name="eia natural gas">http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/reserves.xls from the [[Energy Information Administration]] [http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/gasreserves.html]</ref> *7.4×10<sup>21</sup> J, the estimated energy contained in the world's [[petroleum]] reserves as of 2003 *1.5×10<sup>22</sup>J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each day<ref name="sun1"/> *2.1×10<sup>22</sup> J, the estimated energy contained in the world's [[coal]] reserves as of 2005<ref name="eia coal">http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iea2003/table82.xls from the [[Energy Information Administration]] [http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html]</ref> *2.9×10<sup>22</sup> J, identified global Uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology.<ref name=iaea/> *3.9×10<sup>22</sup> J, the estimated energy contained in the world's [[fossil fuel]] reserves as of 2003 *2.2×10<sup>23</sup> J, total global Uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology.<ref name=iaea/> *5.0×10<sup>23</sup> J, the approximate energy released in the formation of the [[Chicxulub Crater]] in the [[Yucatán Peninsula]][http://www.geosc.psu.edu/people/faculty/personalpages/tbralower/Braloweretal1998.pdf] ===10<sup>24</sup> and above=== SI prefix: [[yotta-]] (YJ) *5.5×10<sup>24</sup> J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each year<ref name="sun1"/> *3.86×10<sup>26</sup> J, the total energy output of the Sun each second<ref name="sun2">[http://www.nineplanets.org/sol.html The Sun] at [http://www.nineplanets.org http://www.nineplanets.org]</ref> *3.34×10<sup>31</sup> J, the total energy output of the Sun each day<ref name="sun2"/> *2.4×10<sup>32</sup> J, the [[gravitational binding energy]] of the Earth<ref name="U"><math>U = \frac{(3/5)GM^2}{r}</math><br>Chandrasekhar, S. 1939, ''An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure'' (Chicago: U. of Chicago; reprinted in New York: Dover), section 9, eqs. 90-92, p. 51 (Dover edition)<br>Lang, K. R. 1980, ''Astrophysical Formulae'' (Berlin: Springer Verlag), p. 272</ref> *2.7×10<sup>33</sup> J, the Earth's kinetic energy in its orbit[http://www.uwgb.edu/DutchS/pseudosc/flipaxis.htm]<ref name="KE"/> *1.22×10<sup>34</sup> J, the total energy output of the Sun each year<ref name="sun2"/> *5.37×10<sup>41</sup> J, the theoretical total mass-energy of the Earth *6.9×10<sup>41</sup> J, the gravitational binding energy of the Sun<ref name="U"/> *1.2×10<sup>44</sup> J, the estimated energy released in a [[supernova]]<ref>{{cite journal | author=Khokhlov, A.; Mueller, E.; Hoeflich, P. | title=Light curves of Type IA supernova models with different explosion mechanisms | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | year=1993 | volume=270 | issue=1-2 | pages=223–248 | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?1993A%26A...270..223K | accessdate=2007-07-10 }}</ref> *1×10<sup>46</sup> J, the estimated energy released in a [[hypernova]] *1×10<sup>47</sup> J, the energy released in an intense [[gamma ray burst]] *1.8×10<sup>47</sup> J, the theoretical total mass-energy of the Sun *4×10<sup>58</sup> J, the visible mass-energy in our [[galaxy]], the [[Milky Way]] *1×10<sup>59</sup> J, the total mass-energy of the galaxy, including [[dark matter]] and [[dark energy]] *4×10<sup>69</sup> J, the estimated total mass-energy of the observable universe[http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/980211b.html] ==SI multiples== {{SI multiples|unit=joule|symbol=J}} {{SI unit lowercase|James Prescott Joule|joule|J}} ==Notes== <references/> ==See also== *[[Energies per unit mass]] *[[Conversion of units#Energy, work, or heat]] *[[Scientific notation]] *[[Metric system]] *[[List of energy topics]] [[Category:Energy]] [[Category:Orders of magnitude]] [[de:Größenordnung (Energie)]] [[fr:Ordre de grandeur (énergie)]] [[ja:数量の比較 (エネルギー)]] [[zh:数量级 (能量)]]