Organ (anatomy)
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{{about|the biological unit|the musical instrument|Organ (music)}}
{{otheruses|Organ (disambiguation)}}
In [[biology]], an '''organ''' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: ''organum'', "instrument, tool", from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''όργανον'' - organon, "organ, instrument, tool") is a group of [[biological tissue|tissues]] that perform a specific function or group of functions. Usually there is a ''main'' tissue and ''sporadic'' tissues. The main tissue is the one that is unique for the specific organ. For example, main tissue in the [[heart]] is the [[myocardium]], while sporadic are the [[Nerve tissue|nerves]], [[blood]], [[Connective tissue|connective]] etc.
==Animal organs==
[[Animal]] organs include the [[heart]], [[lung]]s, [[brain]], [[eye]], [[stomach]], [[spleen]], [[bone]]s, [[pancreas]], [[kidney]]s, [[liver]], [[intestine]]s, [[skin]] (the largest human organ), [[urinary bladder]], and the sex organs ([[uterus]] in female animals, [[testicle]]s in male). The internal organs collectively are often called ''viscera'', the plural of the rarely-used term ''[[viscus]]''.
==Plant organs==
[[Plant]] organs can be divided into vegetative and reproductive. Vegetative plant organs are [[root]], [[Plant stem|stem]] and [[leaf]], while reproductive are [[flower]], [[seed]] and [[fruit]].
The vegetative organs are essential for maintaining the life of a plant (they preform the vital functions, such as [[photosynthesis]]), while the reproductive organs are essential in [[Plant sexuality|reproduction]]. But, if there is [[Asexual reproduction|asexual]] [[vegetative reproduction]], the vegetative organs are those which create the new generation of plants (see [[clonal colony]]).
==Organ systems==
{{main|Biological system}}
A group of related organs is an '''organ system'''. Organs within a system may be related in any number of ways, but relationships of function are most commonly used. For example the [[urinary system]] comprises organs that work together to produce, store, and carry [[urine]].
The functions of organ systems often share significant overlap. For instance, the [[nervous system|nervous]] and [[endocrine system]] both operate via a shared organ, the [[hypothalamus]]. For this reason, the two systems are combined and studied as the [[neuroendocrine system]]. The same is true for the [[musculoskeletal system]], which involves the relationship between the [[muscular system|muscular]] and the [[skeletal system]].
===List of major human organ systems===
There are typically considered to be eleven major organ systems of the human body.
*[[Digestive system]] - Absorption of nutrients and excretion of waste.
*[[Skeletal system]] - Support and movement, [[lymphocyte]] production
*[[Muscular system]] - Support and movement, production of [[heat]]
*[[Nervous system]] - Integration and coordination through electrochemical signals
*[[Endocrine system]] - Integration and coordination through [[hormone]]s
*[[Cardiovascular system]] - Internal transport
*[[Respiratory system]] - Elimination of CO<sub>2</sub> and absorption of O<sub>2</sub>
*[[Circulatory system]] - The transporting of needed materials to the cells and the transporting of wastes away from the cells.
*[[Reproductive system]] - Production of offspring.
*[[Integumentary system]] - Body covering
*[[Lymphatic system]] - Regulate fluids and [[immune system|immunity]]
*[[Urinary system]] - Excretion of nitrogenous waste, and maintain [[homeostasis]] of [[electrolyte]]s
==Organs of the human body by region==
===Head and neck===
* [[Brain]]
* [[ears]]
* [[Eyes]]
* [[mouth]]
* [[tongue]]
* [[teeth]]
* [[lips]]
* [[nose]]
* [[scalp]]
* [[larynx]]
* [[pharynx]]
* [[salivary glands]]
* [[meninges]]
* [[thyroid]]
* [[parathyroid gland]]
* [[skin]]
===Back===
* [[vertebra]]
* [[spinal cord]]
* [[ribs]]
===Chest===
* [[heart]]
* [[lung]]
* [[thymus]]
===Abdomen===
* [[peritoneum]]
* [[stomach]]
* [[duodenum]]
* [[intestine]]
* [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]]
* [[liver]]
* [[spleen]]
* [[pancreas]]
* [[kidney]]
* [[adrenal gland]]
* [[vermiform appendix|appendix]]
* [[skin]]
* [[gall bladder]]
* [[bladder]]
===Pelvis and perineum===
* [[pelvis]]
* [[sacrum]]
* [[coccyx]]
* [[ovaries]]
* [[Fallopian tube]]
* [[uterus]]
* [[vulva]]
* [[clitoris]]
* [[perineum]]
* [[urinary bladder]]
* [[testicles]]
* [[rectum]]
* [[penis]]
===Upper limbs/Lower limbs===
* [[muscle]]
* [[Human skeleton|skeleton]]
* [[nerves]]
* [[hand]]
* [[wrist]]
* [[Elbow-joint|elbow]]
* [[shoulder]]
* [[hip]]
* [[knee]]
* [[ankle]]
* [[foot]]
==See also==
* [[Fascia]]
* [[Organ transplant]]
* [[Organelle]]s, analogous sub-[[cell (biology)|cellular]] structures
{{organ systems}}
{{Composition}}
[[Category:Organ systems| ]]
[[Category:Organs|*]]
[[ar:عضو (تشريح)]]
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