Organ (anatomy) 152776 224311382 2008-07-08T08:04:57Z Meldor 4087437 iw {{about|the biological unit|the musical instrument|Organ (music)}} {{otheruses|Organ (disambiguation)}} In [[biology]], an '''organ''' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: ''organum'', "instrument, tool", from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''όργανον'' - organon, "organ, instrument, tool") is a group of [[biological tissue|tissues]] that perform a specific function or group of functions. Usually there is a ''main'' tissue and ''sporadic'' tissues. The main tissue is the one that is unique for the specific organ. For example, main tissue in the [[heart]] is the [[myocardium]], while sporadic are the [[Nerve tissue|nerves]], [[blood]], [[Connective tissue|connective]] etc. ==Animal organs== [[Animal]] organs include the [[heart]], [[lung]]s, [[brain]], [[eye]], [[stomach]], [[spleen]], [[bone]]s, [[pancreas]], [[kidney]]s, [[liver]], [[intestine]]s, [[skin]] (the largest human organ), [[urinary bladder]], and the sex organs ([[uterus]] in female animals, [[testicle]]s in male). The internal organs collectively are often called ''viscera'', the plural of the rarely-used term ''[[viscus]]''. ==Plant organs== [[Plant]] organs can be divided into vegetative and reproductive. Vegetative plant organs are [[root]], [[Plant stem|stem]] and [[leaf]], while reproductive are [[flower]], [[seed]] and [[fruit]]. The vegetative organs are essential for maintaining the life of a plant (they preform the vital functions, such as [[photosynthesis]]), while the reproductive organs are essential in [[Plant sexuality|reproduction]]. But, if there is [[Asexual reproduction|asexual]] [[vegetative reproduction]], the vegetative organs are those which create the new generation of plants (see [[clonal colony]]). ==Organ systems== {{main|Biological system}} A group of related organs is an '''organ system'''. Organs within a system may be related in any number of ways, but relationships of function are most commonly used. For example the [[urinary system]] comprises organs that work together to produce, store, and carry [[urine]]. The functions of organ systems often share significant overlap. For instance, the [[nervous system|nervous]] and [[endocrine system]] both operate via a shared organ, the [[hypothalamus]]. For this reason, the two systems are combined and studied as the [[neuroendocrine system]]. The same is true for the [[musculoskeletal system]], which involves the relationship between the [[muscular system|muscular]] and the [[skeletal system]]. ===List of major human organ systems=== There are typically considered to be eleven major organ systems of the human body. *[[Digestive system]] - Absorption of nutrients and excretion of waste. *[[Skeletal system]] - Support and movement, [[lymphocyte]] production *[[Muscular system]] - Support and movement, production of [[heat]] *[[Nervous system]] - Integration and coordination through electrochemical signals *[[Endocrine system]] - Integration and coordination through [[hormone]]s *[[Cardiovascular system]] - Internal transport *[[Respiratory system]] - Elimination of CO<sub>2</sub> and absorption of O<sub>2</sub> *[[Circulatory system]] - The transporting of needed materials to the cells and the transporting of wastes away from the cells. *[[Reproductive system]] - Production of offspring. *[[Integumentary system]] - Body covering *[[Lymphatic system]] - Regulate fluids and [[immune system|immunity]] *[[Urinary system]] - Excretion of nitrogenous waste, and maintain [[homeostasis]] of [[electrolyte]]s ==Organs of the human body by region== ===Head and neck=== * [[Brain]] * [[ears]] * [[Eyes]] * [[mouth]] * [[tongue]] * [[teeth]] * [[lips]] * [[nose]] * [[scalp]] * [[larynx]] * [[pharynx]] * [[salivary glands]] * [[meninges]] * [[thyroid]] * [[parathyroid gland]] * [[skin]] ===Back=== * [[vertebra]] * [[spinal cord]] * [[ribs]] ===Chest=== * [[heart]] * [[lung]] * [[thymus]] ===Abdomen=== * [[peritoneum]] * [[stomach]] * [[duodenum]] * [[intestine]] * [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]] * [[liver]] * [[spleen]] * [[pancreas]] * [[kidney]] * [[adrenal gland]] * [[vermiform appendix|appendix]] * [[skin]] * [[gall bladder]] * [[bladder]] ===Pelvis and perineum=== * [[pelvis]] * [[sacrum]] * [[coccyx]] * [[ovaries]] * [[Fallopian tube]] * [[uterus]] * [[vulva]] * [[clitoris]] * [[perineum]] * [[urinary bladder]] * [[testicles]] * [[rectum]] * [[penis]] ===Upper limbs/Lower limbs=== * [[muscle]] * [[Human skeleton|skeleton]] * [[nerves]] * [[hand]] * [[wrist]] * [[Elbow-joint|elbow]] * [[shoulder]] * [[hip]] * [[knee]] * [[ankle]] * [[foot]] ==See also== * [[Fascia]] * [[Organ transplant]] * [[Organelle]]s, analogous sub-[[cell (biology)|cellular]] structures {{organ systems}} {{Composition}} [[Category:Organ systems| ]] [[Category:Organs|*]] [[ar:عضو (تشريح)]] [[bn:অঙ্গ]] [[bs:Organ (anatomija)]] [[br:Benvegad]] [[bg:Орган (анатомия)]] [[ca:Òrgan (anatomia)]] [[cs:Orgán]] [[cy:Organ (anatomeg)]] [[da:Organ]] [[de:Organ (Biologie)]] [[et:Elund]] [[es:Órgano (biología)]] [[eo:Organo]] [[eu:Organo (biologia)]] [[fr:Organe]] [[gl:Órgano (bioloxía)]] [[hi:अंग (शरीर रचना)]] [[ko:기관 (생물)]] [[hr:Organ]] [[io:Organo]] [[id:Organ (anatomi)]] [[ia:Organo (anatomia)]] [[is:Líffærakerfi]] [[it:Organo (anatomia)]] [[he:איבר]] [[lv:Orgāni]] [[lt:Organas]] [[hu:Szerv (biológia)]] [[mk:Орган]] [[nl:Orgaan]] [[ja:器官]] [[no:Organ]] [[nn:Organ]] [[pl:Narząd]] [[pt:Órgão (anatomia)]] [[ro:Organ]] [[qu:Kurku yawri]] [[ru:Орган (биология)]] [[simple:Organ (anatomy)]] [[sk:Orgán (anatómia)]] [[sh:Organ (anatomija)]] [[su:Organ (anatomi)]] [[fi:Elin]] [[sv:Organ]] [[tl:Organo]] [[th:อวัยวะ]] [[tr:Organ (anatomi)]] [[uk:Органи]] [[ur:عُضو]] [[yi:גליד]] [[zh:器官]]