Organisation of African Unity
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{{Cleanup|date=February 2008}}
{{redirect|OUA|the Ontario University Athletics governing body|Ontario University Athletics}}
{{Infobox Former International Organization
|native_name = Organisation de l'Unité Africaine
|conventional_long_name = Organisation for African Unity
|common_name = Organisation for African Unity
|_noautocat = yes
|status = International organisation
|continent = Africa
|event_start = Charter
|year_start = 1963
|date_start = 25 May
|event_end = Disbanded
|year_end = 2002
|date_end = 9 July
|p1 = Union of African States
|flag_p1 = Flag of the Union of African States (1961-1962).svg
|s1 = African Union
|flag_s1 = Flag of the African Union.svg
|flag =
|image_flag =
|image_map = Organisation of African unity.PNG
|image_map_caption = Development of OAU membership
|capital = ''Not applicable''¹
|common_languages =
|title_leader = Secretary-general
|leader1 = Kifle Wodajo
|year_leader1 = 1963 - 1964
|leader2 = Diallo Telli
|year_leader2 = 1964 - 1972
|leader3 = Nzo Ekangaki
|year_leader3 = 1972 - 1974
|leader4 = William Eteki
|year_leader4 = 1974 - 1978
|leader5 = Edem Kodjo
|year_leader5 = 1978 - 1983
|leader6 = Peter Onu
|year_leader6 = 1983 - 1985
|leader7 = Ide Oumarou
|year_leader7 = 1985 - 1989
|leader8 = Salim Ahmed Salim
|year_leader8 = 1989 - 2001
|leader9 = Amara Essy
|year_leader9 = 2001 - 2002
|footnotes = ¹ The headquarters were based in [[Addis Ababa]].
}}
The '''Organisation of African Unity''' ('''OAU''') or '''Organisation de l'Unité Africaine''' ('''OUA''') was established on [[25 May]] [[1963]]. It was disbanded on [[9 July]] [[2002]] by its last [[Chairman of the Organization of African Unity|chairperson]], [[South Africa]]n [[President of South Africa|President]] [[Thabo Mbeki]], and replaced by the [[African Union]].
==Aims==
The OAU had two primary aims:
* To promote the unity and solidarity of the [[Africa]]n states and act as a collective voice for the African continent. This was important to secure Africa's long-term economic and political future. Years of colonialism had weakened it socially, politically and economically.
* The OAU was also dedicated to the eradication of all forms of [[colonialism]], as, when it was established, there was still a number of states that had not yet won their independence or were minority-ruled. [[South Africa]] and [[Angola]] were two such countries. The OAU proposed two ways of ridding the continent of colonialism. Firstly, it would defend the interests of independent countries and help to pursue those of still-colonized ones. Secondly, it would remain neutral in terms of world affairs, preventing its members from being controlled once more by outside powers.
A Liberation Committee was established to aid independence movements and look after the interests of already-liberated states. The OAU also aimed to stay neutral in terms of global politics, which would prevent them from being controlled once more by outside forces – an especial danger with the Cold War.
{{AU History}}
The OAU had other aims, too:
* Ensure that all Africans enjoyed [[human rights]].
* Raise the [[living standards]] of all Africans.
* Settle arguments and disputes between members – not through fighting but rather peaceful and diplomatic negotiation.
Soon after achieving independence, a number of African states expressed a growing desire for more unity within the continent. Not everyone was agreed on how this unity could be achieved, however, and two opinionated groups emerged in this respect:
* [[Casablanca Group|The Casablanca bloc]], led by [[Kwame Nkrumah]] of [[Ghana]], wanted a [[federation]] of all African countries. Aside from Ghana, it comprised also [[Algeria]], [[Guinea]], [[Morocco]], [[Egypt]], [[Mali]] and [[Libya]]. Founded in 1961, its members were described as "progressive states".
* [[Monrovia Group|The Monrovian bloc]], led by [[Léopold Sédar Senghor|Senghor]] of [[Senegal]], felt that unity should be achieved gradually, through economic cooperation. It did not support the notion of a political federation. Its other members were [[Nigeria]], [[Liberia]], [[Ethiopia]] and most of the former French colonies.
The dispute was eventually resolved when [[Ethiopia]]n emperor [[Haile Selassie I]] invited the two groups to [[Addis Ababa]], where the OAU and its headquarters were subsequently established. The Charter of the Organisation was signed by 32 independent African states.
At the time of the OAU's disbanding, 53 out of the 54 African [[state]]s were members; [[Morocco]] left on [[12 November]] [[1984]] following the admission of the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] as the government of [[Western Sahara]] in [[1982]].
The organisation was widely derided as a bureaucratic "talking shop" with little power. It struggled to enforce its decisions, and its lack of armed force made intervention exceedingly difficult. [[Civil war]]s in Nigeria and Angola continued unabated for years, and the OAU could do nothing to stop them.
The policy of non-interference in the affairs of member states also limited the effectiveness of the OAU. Thus, when [[human rights]] were violated, as in [[Uganda]] under [[Idi Amin]] in the 1970s, the OAU was powerless to stop them.
The Organisation was praised by [[Ghana|Ghanaian]] former [[United Nations Secretary-General]] [[Kofi Annan]] for bringing Africans together. Nevertheless, in its 39 years of existence, critics argue that the OAU did little to protect the rights and liberties of African citizens from their own political leaders, often dubbing it as a "Dictators' Club"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2115736.stm] or "Dictator's Trade Union"[http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2005/206/19.shtml]. However, the critics were mostly Westerners and their negative opinion about African Unity was expected.
{{International opposition to Apartheid}}
The OAU was, however, successful in some respects. Many of its members were members of the UN, too, and they stood together within the latter organisation to safeguard African interests – especially in respect of lingering colonialism. Its pursuit of African unity, therefore, was in some ways successful.
Total unity was difficult to achieve, however, as the OAU was largely divided. The former French colonies, still dependent on [[France]], had formed the [[Monrovia Group]], and there was a further split between those which supported the [[USA]] and those which supported the [[USSR]] in the [[Cold War]] of ideologies. The pro-[[Socialist]] faction was led by [[Kwame Nkrumah]], while [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] of the [[Ivory Coast]] led the pro-[[capitalism|capitalist]]s. Because of these divisions, it was difficult for the OAU to take action against states involved in internal conflicts because it could rarely reach an agreement on what was to be done.
The OAU did, however, play a pivotal role in eradicating [[colonialism]] and minority rule in [[Africa]]. It gave weapons, training and military bases to colonised nations fighting for independence or majority rule. Groups such as the ANC and PAC, fighting [[apartheid]], and [[ZANU]] and [[ZAPU]], fighting for the independence of [[Southern Rhodesia]], were aided in their endeavours by the OAU. African harbours were closed to the South African government, and South African aircraft were prohibited from flying over the rest of the continent. The UN was convinced by the OAU to expell South Africa from bodies such as the [[World Health Organization]].
The OAU also worked with the UN to ease refugee problems. It set up the [[African Development Bank]] for economic projects intended to make Africa financially stronger. Although all African countries eventually won their [[independence]], it remained difficult for them to become totally independent of their former colonisers. There was often continued reliance on the former colonial powers for economic aid, which often came with strings attached: loans had to be paid back at high interest-rates, and goods had to be sold to the aiders at low rates.
The USA and USSR intervened in post-colonial Africa in pursuit of their own objectives. Help was sometimes provided in the form of [[technology]] and aid-workers. While useful, such external assistance was often perceived{{Who|date=February 2008}} as not necessarily in the best interests of the former colonies.
Autonomous specialised agencies, working under the auspices of the OAU, were:
*[[Pan-African Telecommunications Union]] (PATU)
*[[Pan-African Postal Union]] (PAPU)
*[[Pan-African News Agency]] (PANA)
*[[Union of African National Television and Radio Organizations]] (URTNA)
*[[Union of African Railways]] (UAR)
*[[Organization of African Trade Union Unity]] (OATUU)
*[[Supreme Council for Sports in Africa]]
==List of Secretaries-general of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and African Union (AU) Chairs of the Commission==
{|border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2 width=100%
|- valign=top bgcolor=#99CCFF
|colspan="4" align=center|'''Secretaries-general of the OAU'''
|- bgcolor=#99CCFF
|'''Name'''
|'''Beginning of Term'''
|'''End of Term'''
|'''Country'''
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Kifle Wodajo]] (acting)
|[[25 May]] [[1963]]
|[[21 July]] [[1964]]
|{{flag|Ethiopia|1897}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Diallo Telli]]
|[[21 July]] [[1964]]
|[[15 June]] [[1972]]
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Nzo Ekangaki]]
|[[15 June]] [[1972]]
|[[16 June]] [[1974]]
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[William Eteki]]
|[[16 June]] [[1974]]
|[[21 July]] [[1978]]
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Edem Kodjo]]
|[[21 July]] [[1978]]
|[[12 June]] [[1983]]
|{{flag|Togo}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
| [[Peter Onu]] (acting)
|[[12 June]] [[1983]]
|[[20 July]] [[1985]]
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Ide Oumarou]]
|[[20 July]] [[1985]]
|[[19 September]] [[1989]]
|{{flag|Niger}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Salim Ahmed Salim]]
|[[19 September]] [[1989]]
|[[17 September]] [[2001]]
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Amara Essy]]
|[[17 September]] [[2001]]
|[[9 July]] [[2002]]
|{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}
|- valign=top bgcolor=#99CCFF
|colspan="4" align=center|'''AU Chairs of the Commission'''
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Amara Essy]] (interim)
|[[9 July]] [[2002]]
|[[16 September]] [[2003]]
|{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Alpha Oumar Konaré]]
|[[16 September]] [[2003]]
|Present
|{{flag|Mali}}
|}
==List of Chairs of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) & African Union (AU)==
{|border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2 width=100%
|- valign=top bgcolor=#99CCFF
|colspan="4" align=center|'''Organisation of African Unity'''
|- bgcolor=#99CCFF
|'''Name'''
|'''Beginning of Term'''
|'''End of Term'''
|'''Country'''
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Haile Selassie]]
|[[25 May]] [[1963]]
|[[17 July]] [[1964]]
|{{flag|Ethiopia|1897}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
|[[17 July]] [[1964]]
|[[21 October]] [[1965]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Kwame Nkrumah]]
|[[21 October]] [[1965]]
|[[24 February]] [[1966]]
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]
|[[24 February]] [[1966]]
|[[5 November]] [[1966]]
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Haile Selassie]]
|[[5 November]] [[1966]]
|[[11 September]] [[1967]]
|{{flag|Ethiopia|1897}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]]
|[[11 September]] [[1967]]
|[[13 September]] [[1968]]
|{{flag|Congo DR|1966|name=Congo (Kinshasa)}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Houari Boumedienne]]
|[[13 September]] [[1968]]
|[[6 September]] [[1969]]
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]
|[[6 September]] [[1969]]
|[[1 September]] [[1970]]
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Kenneth Kaunda]]
|[[1 September]] [[1970]]
|[[21 June]] [[1971]]
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Moktar Ould Daddah]]
|[[21 June]] [[1971]]
|[[12 June]] [[1972]]
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Hassan II]]
|[[12 June]] [[1972]]
|[[27 May]] [[1973]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Yakubu Gowon]]
|[[27 May]] [[1973]]
|[[12 June]] [[1974]]
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Umar Arteh Ghalib]]
|[[12 June]] [[1974]]
|[[28 July]] [[1975]]
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Idi Amin]]
|[[28 July]] [[1975]]
|[[2 July]] [[1976]]
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]]
|[[2 July]] [[1976]]
|[[2 July]] [[1977]]
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Omar Bongo]]
|[[2 July]] [[1977]]
|[[18 July]] [[1978]]
|{{flag|Gabon}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Gaafar Nimeiry]]
|[[18 July]] [[1978]]
|[[12 July]] [[1979]]
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[William R. Tolbert, Jr.]]
|[[12 July]] [[1979]]
|[[12 April]] [[1980]]
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Léopold Sédar Senghor]] (acting)
|[[28 April]] [[1980]]
|[[1 July]] [[1980]]
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Siaka Stevens]]
|[[1 July]] [[1980]]
|[[24 June]] [[1981]]
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
| [[Daniel arap Moi]]
|[[24 June]] [[1981]]
|[[6 June]] [[1983]]
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
| [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]
|[[6 June]] [[1983]]
|[[12 November]] [[1984]]
|{{flag|Ethiopia|1987}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Julius Nyerere]]
|[[12 November]] [[1984]]
|[[18 July]] [[1985]]
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Abdou Diouf]]
|[[18 July]] [[1985]]
|[[28 July]] [[1986]]
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
| [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]
|[[28 July]] [[1986]]
|[[27 July]] [[1987]]
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo|1970|name=Congo (Brazzaville)}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Kenneth Kaunda]]
|[[27 July]] [[1987]]
|[[25 May]] [[1988]]
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Moussa Traoré]]
|[[25 May]] [[1988]]
|[[24 July]] [[1989]]
|{{flag|Mali}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Hosni Mubarak]]
|[[24 July]] [[1989]]
|[[9 July]] [[1990]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Yoweri Museveni]]
|[[9 July]] [[1990]]
|[[3 June]] [[1991]]
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Ibrahim Babangida]]
|[[3 June]] [[1991]]
|[[29 June]] [[1992]]
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Abdou Diouf]]
|[[29 June]] [[1992]]
|[[28 June]] [[1993]]
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Hosni Mubarak]]
|[[28 June]] [[1993]]
|[[13 June]] [[1994]]
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]]
|[[13 June]] [[1994]]
|[[26 June]] [[1995]]
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Meles Zenawi]]
|[[26 June]] [[1995]]
|[[8 July]] [[1996]]
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Paul Biya]]
|[[8 July]] [[1996]]
|[[2 June]] [[1997]]
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|[[2 June]] [[1997]]
|[[8 June]] [[1998]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Blaise Compaoré]]
|[[8 June]] [[1998]]
|[[12 July]] [[1999]]
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]]
|[[12 July]] [[1999]]
|[[10 July]] [[2000]]
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]]
|[[10 July]] [[2000]]
|[[9 July]] [[2001]]
|{{flag|Togo}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Frederick Chiluba]]
| [[9 July]] [[2001]]
|[[2 January]] [[2002]]
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Levy Mwanawasa]]
|[[2 January]] [[2002]]
|[[9 July]] [[2002]]
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|- valign=top bgcolor=#99CCFF
|colspan="4" align=center|'''African Union'''
|- bgcolor=#99CCFF
|'''Name'''
|'''Beginning of Term'''
|'''End of Term'''
|'''Country'''
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|[[9 July]] [[2002]]
|[[10 July]] [[2003]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Joaquim Chissano]]
|[[10 July]] [[2003]]
|[[6 July]] [[2004]]
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[Olusegun Obasanjo]]
|[[6 July]] [[2004]]
|[[24 January]] [[2006]]
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|Denis Sassou-Nguesso
|[[24 January]] [[2006]]
|[[24 January]] [[2007]]
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|- bgcolor=#99FFFF
|[[John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor]]
|[[30 January]] [[2007]]
|Present
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|}
==OAU Summits==
{{Politics of the African Union mini}}
It includes ordinary and extraordinary summits.
*[[Addis Ababa]] ([[Ethiopia]]) : 22-[[25 May]] [[1961]].<!--What about the 1963 Summit Conference of Independent African States, which took place from May 15 to May 25, 1963, with the signing of the Addis Ababa Charter taking place on May 25, 1963?-->
*[[Cairo]]([[Egypt]]) : 17-[[21 July]] [[1964]].
*[[Accra]] ([[Ghana]]) : 21-[[26 October]] [[1965]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 5-[[9 November]] [[1966]].
*[[Kinshasa]] ([[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], formerly Zaire) : 11-[[14 September]] [[1967]].
*Algiers (Algeria) : 13-[[16 September]] [[1968]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 6-[[10 September]] [[1969]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 1-[[3 September]] [[1970]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 21-[[23 June]] [[1971]].
*[[Rabat]] ([[Morocco]]) : 12-[[15 June]] [[1972]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 27-[[28 May]] [[1973]].
*[[Kampala]] ([[Uganda]]) : [[28 July]]. - [[1 August]] [[1975]].
*[[Port Louis]] ([[Mauritius]]) : 2-[[6 July]] [[1976]].
*[[Libreville]] ([[Gabon]]) : 2-[[5 July]] [[1977]].
*[[Khartoum]] ([[Sudan]]) : 18-[[22 July]] [[1978]].
*[[Monrovia]] ([[Liberia]]) : 17-[[20 July]] [[1979]].
*[[Freetown]] ([[Sierra Leone]]) : 1-[[4 July]] [[1980]].
*[[Nairobi]] ([[Kenya]]) : 24-[[27 June]].1981.
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 6-[[12 June]] [[1983]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 12-[[15 November]] [[1984]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 18-[[20 July]] [[1985]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 28-[[30 July]] [[1986]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 27-[[29 July]].1987.
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Extraordinary Summit : Oct. 1987 .
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 25-[[28 May]] [[1988]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 24-[[26 July]] [[1989]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 9-[[11 July]] [[1990]].
*[[Abuja]] ([[Nigeria]]) : 3-[[5 July]] [[1991]].
*[[Dakar]] ([[Senegal]]) : [[29 June]]. - [[1 July]] [[1992]].
*Cairo (Egypt) : 28-[[30 June]] [[1993]].
*[[Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]]) : 13-[[15 June]] [[1994]].
*Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : 26-[[28 June]] [[1995]].
*[[Yaoundé]] ([[Cameroon]]) : 8-[[10 June]] [[1996]].
*[[Harare]] ([[Zimbabwe]]) : 2-[[4 June]] [[1997]].
*[[Ouagadougou]] ([[Burkina Faso]]) : 8-[[10 June]] [[1998]].
*[[Algiers]] ([[Algeria]]) : 12-[[14 July]] [[1999]].
*[[Sirt]] ([[Libya]]), Extraordinary Summit : 6-[[9 September]] [[1999]].
*[[Lomé]] ([[Togo]]) : 10-[[12 July]] [[2000]].
*[[Lusaka]] ([[Zambia]]) : 9-[[11 July]] [[2001]], the last OAU summit.
==OAU members by date of admission (53 states)==
*'''[[25 May]] [[1963]] :'''
:Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Léopoldville).<ref>1966-71 and from 1997 Congo (Kinshasa); 1971-97 Zaire.</ref> Dahomey,<ref>From 1975 Benin.</ref> Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast,<ref>From 1985 Côte d'Ivoire.</ref> Liberia, Libya, Madagascar,<ref>Suspended Dec 2001 - [[10 July]] [[2003]].</ref> Mali, Mauritania,<ref>Suspended [[4 August]] [[2005]].</ref> Morocco,<ref>Withdrew [[12 November]] [[1984]].</ref> Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, The Sudan, Tanganyika,<ref name="r7">Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged [[26 April]] [[1964]] to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was renamed Tanzania [[1 November]] [[1964]].</ref> Togo,<ref>Suspended from [[25 February]] [[2005]].</ref> Tunisia, Uganda, Upper Volta,<ref>From 1984 Burkina Faso.</ref> Zanzibar<ref name="r7" />
*'''[[13 December]] [[1963]] :'''
:[[Kenya]]
*'''[[13 July]] [[1964]] :'''
:Malawi
*'''[[16 December]] [[1964]] :'''
:Zambia
*'''Oct 1965 : '''
:The Gambia
*'''[[31 October]] [[1966]] :'''
:Botswana, Lesotho
*'''Aug 1968 :'''
:Mauritius
*'''[[24 September]] [[1968]] :'''
:Swaziland
*'''[[12 October]] [[1968]] :'''
:Equatorial Guinea
*'''[[19 November]] [[1973]] :'''
:Guinea-Bissau
*'''[[11 February]] [[1975]] :'''
:Angola
*'''[[18 July]] [[1975]] :'''
:Cape Verde, Comoros, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe
*'''[[29 June]] [[1976]] :'''
:Seychelles
*'''[[27 June]] [[1977]] :'''
:Djibouti
*'''Jun 1980 :'''
:Zimbabwe
*'''[[22 February]] [[1982]] :'''
:Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara)
*'''Jun 1990 :'''
:Namibia
*'''[[24 May]] [[1993]] :'''
:Eritrea
*'''[[6 June]] [[1994]] :'''
:South Africa
===Notes===
<references />
== Miscellaneous ==
The first discussions leading to the establishment of the OAU were held in [[Sanniquellie]], [[Liberia]].
== References ==
* "OAU After Twenty Years"; Pub. Praeger; ISBN 0-03-062473-8; (May 1984)
* "Africa's First Peacekeeping Operation: The OAU in Chad, 1981-1982" by Terry M. Mays, Pub. Praeger; ISBN 0-275-97606-8; ([[April 30]] [[2002]])
* "African Exodus: Refugee Crisis, Human Rights, & the 1969 OAU Convention" by Chaloka Beyani, Chris Stringer, Pub. Lawyers Committee for Human Rights; ISBN 0-934143-73-0; (July 1995)
* [http://cec.rwanda2.free.fr/doc/Rapport_OUA/Rwanda-f/oua.htm Report] on the [[Rwandan Genocide]] in 2000.
==See also==
*[[Bamako Convention]]
*[[Casablanca Group]]
*[[MPAIAC]]
*[[Pan-Africanism]]
*[http://www.black-king.net/haile%20selassie%2005e.htm Emperor Haile Selassie I speaks at the OAU conference, Addis Ababa, 1963]
{{Pan-Africanism}}
[[Category:Former international organizations]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1963]]
[[Category:2002 disestablishments]]
[[Category:African politics]]
[[Category:Addis Ababa]]
[[Category:Accra]]
[[bg:Организация за африканско единство]]
[[cs:Organizace africké jednoty]]
[[da:Organisationen for afrikansk enhed]]
[[de:Organisation für Afrikanische Einheit]]
[[es:Organización para la Unidad Africana]]
[[eo:Organizaĵo por Afrika Unueco]]
[[fr:Organisation de l'unité africaine]]
[[hr:Organizacija afričkoga jedinstva]]
[[he:ארגון אחדות אפריקה]]
[[hu:Afrikai Egységszervezet]]
[[id:Organisasi Kesatuan Afrika]]
[[ja:アフリカ統一機構]]
[[nl:Organisatie van Afrikaanse Eenheid]]
[[no:Organisasjonen for afrikansk enhet]]
[[pl:Organizacja Jedności Afrykańskiej]]
[[pt:Organização da Unidade Africana]]
[[fi:Afrikan yhtenäisyysjärjestö]]
[[sv:OAU]]
[[tr:Afrika Birliği Örgütü]]
[[vi:Tổ chức thống nhất châu Phi]]
[[zh:非洲统一组织]]