Organogenesis 1184860 216891968 2008-06-03T18:15:38Z DumZiBoT 6085301 robot Modifying: [[sk:Organogenéza (embryogenéza)]] In [[embryogenesis|animal development]], '''organogenesis''' is the process by which the [[ectoderm]], [[endoderm]], and [[mesoderm]] develop into the [[internal organ]]s of the organism. Internal organs initiate development in humans within the 3rd to 8th weeks in utero.The [[germ layer]]s in organogenesis differ by three processes: folds, splits, and condensation. Developing early during this stage in [[chordate]] animals are the [[neural tube]] and [[notochord]]. [[Vertebrate]] animals all differentiate from the [[gastrula]] the same way. Vertebrates develop a [[neural crest]] that differentiates into many structures, including some bones, muscles, and components of the [[peripheral nervous system]]. The [[coelom]] of the body forms from a split of the mesoderm along the [[somite axis]]. ==Production== [[Image:Germ_layers.png|thumb|575px|The [[endoderm]] produces tissue within the [[lung]]s, [[thyroid]], and [[pancreas]]. The [[mesoderm]] aids in the production of [[cardiac muscle]], [[skeletal muscle]], [[smooth muscle]], tissues within the [[kidney]]s, and [[red blood cell]]s. The [[ectoderm]] produces tissues within the [[Epidermis (skin)|epidermis]] and aids in the formation of [[neuron]]s within the brain, and [[melanocytes]].]] [[Image:cell differentiation.gif|right|thumb|300px|Organs derived from each germ layer. Image from [http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/About/primer/genetics_cell.html NCBI].]] The proceeding graph represents the products produced by the three germ layers. {| class="wikitable" ! Germ Layer !! Category !! Product |- | Endoderm || General<ref>The '''General''' category denotes that all or most of the [[animal]]s containing this layer produce the adjacent product.</ref> || [[Gastrointestinal tract]] |- | Endodern || General || [[Respiratory tract]] |- | Endoderm || General || [[Endocrine]] glands and organs ([[liver]] and [[pancreas]]) |- | Mesoderm || General || [[skeletal system|Bones]] |- | Mesoderm || General || Most of the [[Circulatory system]] |- | Mesoderm || General || [[Connective tissue]]s of the gut and [[integumentary system|integuments]] |- | Mesoderm || General || [[gastrointestinal tract#Lower gastrointestinal tract|Excretory Tract]] |- | Mesoderm || General || [[Mesenchyme]] |-inside the uterus | Mesoderm || General || [[Mesothelium]] |- | Mesoderm || General || [[Muscular system|Muscles]] |- | Mesoderm || General || [[Peritoneum]] |- | Mesoderm || General || [[Reproductive System]] |- | Mesoderm || General || [[Urinary System]] |- | Mesoderm || Vertebrate<ref>The '''Vertebrate''' category denotes that all or most of the [[vertebrate]]s containing this layer produce the adjacent product.</ref> || [[Chordamesoderm]] |- | Mesoderm || Vertebrate || [[Paraxial mesoderm]] |- | Mesoderm || Vertebrate || [[Intermediate mesoderm]] |- | Mesoderm || Vertebrate || [[Lateral plate mesoderm]] |- | Ectoderm || General || [[Nervous system]] |- | Ectoderm || General || Outer part of [[integumentary system|integument]] |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || [[Skin]] (along with [[glands]], [[hair]], [[nail (anatomy)|nails]]) |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || [[Epithelium]] of the [[mouth]] and [[nasal cavity]] |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || [[lens (vision)|Lens]] and [[cornea]] of the [[eye]] |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || [[Melanocytes]] |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || [[Peripheral nervous system]] |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || Facial [[cartilage]] |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || [[Dentin]] (in teeth) |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || [[Brain]] ([[rhombencephalon]], [[mesencephalon]] and [[prosencephalon]]) |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || [[Spinal cord]] and [[motor neuron]]s |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || [[Retina]] |- | Ectoderm || Vertebrate || [[Posterior pituitary]] |} ==See also== *[[Ectoderm]] *[[Embryogenesis]] *[[Endoderm]] *[[Eye development]] *[[Germ layer]] *[[Germ line development]] *[[Heart development]] *[[Histogenesis]] *[[Limb development]] *[[Mesoderm]] *[[Morphogenesis]] ==Notes== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==References== {{wiktionary|organogenesis}} *Evers, Christine A., Lisa Starr. ''Biology:Concepts and Applications.'' 6th ed. United States:Thomson, 2006. ISBN 0-534-46224-3. {{Embryology}} {{Germ layer}} [[Category:Developmental biology]] [[Category:Embryology]] [[de:Organogenese]] [[es:Organogénesis]] [[nl:Organogenese]] [[pl:Organogeneza]] [[sk:Organogenéza (embryogenéza)]] [[sr:Органогенеза]] [[fi:Organogeneesi]]