Oswald de Andrade 2903003 214297638 2008-05-22T22:45:07Z Brasileiroborges 7022200 /* References */ [[Image:Oswald de Andrade.jpg|thumb|190px|Portrait of Oswald de Andrade by [[Tarsila do Amaral]]]] '''José Oswald de Andrade Souza''' ([[January 11]], [[1890]]–[[October 22]], [[1954]]) was a [[Literature of Brazil|Brazilian]] [[poet]] and [[polemicist]]. He was born and spent most of his life in [[São Paulo, São Paulo|São Paulo]]. Andrade was one of the founders of Brazilian [[modernism]] and a member of the Group of Five, along with [[Mário de Andrade]], [[Anita Malfatti]], [[Tarsila do Amaral]] and [[Menotti del Picchia]]. He participated in the [[Week of Modern Art]] (''Semana de Arte Moderna''). Andrade is best known for his [[manifesto]] of Brazilian nationalism, ''Manifesto Antropófago'' (''[[Cannibal Manifesto]]''), published in [[1928]]. Its argument is that Brazil's history of "[[cannibalism|cannibalizing]]" other cultures is its greatest strength, while playing on the modernists' [[primitivism|primitivist]] interest in cannibalism as an alleged [[indigenous peoples in Brazil|tribal]] [[rite]]. Cannibalism becomes a way for Brazil to assert itself against European [[postcolonialism|postcolonial]] cultural domination. The ''Manifesto's'' iconic line is "Tupi or not Tupi: that is the question." The line is simultaneously a celebration of the [[Tupi people|Tupi]], who had been at times accused of cannibalism (most notoriously by [[Hans Staden]]), and an instance of cannibalism: it eats [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]. Born into a wealthy family, Andrade used his money and connections to support numerous modernist artists and projects. He sponsored the publication of several major novels of the period, produced a number of [[experimental theatre|experimental plays]], and supported several painters, including [[Tarsila do Amaral]], with whom he had a long affair, and [[Lasar Segall]]. His role in the modernist community was made somewhat awkward, however, by his feud with Mário de Andrade, which lasted from [[1929]] (after Oswald de Andrade published a pseudonymous essay mocking Mário for effeminacy) until Mário de Andrade's premature death in [[1945]]. ==Select works== *''Manifesto Pau-Brasil'' published in Correio da Manhã on March 18, 1924. *''[[Manifesto Antropófago]]'' published in Revista de Antropofagia in 1928 May. *''Meu Testamento'', 1944 *''A Arcádia e a Inconfidência'', 1945 *''A Crise da Filosofia Messiânica'', 1950 *''Um Aspecto Antropofágico da Cultura Brsileira: O Homem Cordial'', 1950 *''A Marcha das Utopias'', 1953 ==References== In Portuguese: *Boaventura, Maria Eugenia. ''A Vanguarda Antropofágica.'' São Paulo: Ática, 1985. *Helena, Lúcia. ''Totens e tabus da modernidade brasileira: símbolo e alegoria na obra de Oswald de Andrade.'' Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro. 1985. *Justino, Maria José. ''O Banquete Canibal: A modernidade em Tarsila do Amaral 1886-1973'' Curitiba: Editora UFPR, 2002. *Nunes, Benedito. ''Oswald Canibal.'' São Paulo: Perspectiva, 1979. *Nunes, Benedito. ''A Utopia Antropofágica: A Antropofagia ao alcance de todos.'' São Paulo: Globo, 1990 *Netto, Adriano Bitarães. ''Antropofagia Oswaldiana: Um Receituário Estético e Científico.'' São Paulo: Annablume, 2004. *Morais Junior, Luís Carlos de. ''O Olho do Ciclope e os Novos Antropófagos: Antropofagia Cinematótica na Literatura Brasileira.'' Rio de Janeiro, HP Comunicação, 2008. In Spanish: *Jauregui, Carlos A. ''Canibalia. Canibalismo, calibanismo, antropofagia cultural y consumo en América Latina.'' Premio Casa de las Américas. Revised, second edition. Madrid, Spain: Vervuert, ETC: Ensayos de Teoría Cultural 1, 2008. 724 pages. ==External links== *[http://www.pataphysics-lab.com/sarcophaga/manyfestos/de%20Andrade,%20Oswald%20-%20Cannibal%20Manifesto.html Text of the Cannibal Manifesto in English] (inexact translation) *[http://www.itaucultural.org.br/aplicExternas/enciclopedia_IC/index.cfm?fuseaction=marcos_texto_ing&cd_verbete=4110 Text about the Cannibal Manifesto in English] *{{pt icon}} [http://www.lumiarte.com/luardeoutono/oswald/manifpaubr.html Text of the Pau-Brasil Manifesto] *{{pt icon}} [http://www.lumiarte.com/luardeoutono/oswald/manifantropof.html Text of the Cannibal Manifesto] [[Category: 1890 births|Andrade, Oswald de]] [[Category: 1954 deaths|Andrade, Oswald de]] [[Category:Brazilian poets|Andrade, Oswald de]] [[Category:Brazilian writers|Andrade, Oswald de]] [[ca:Oswald de Andrade]] [[de:Oswald de Andrade]] [[es:Oswald de Andrade]] [[io:Oswald de Andrade]] [[oc:Oswald de Andrade]] [[pt:Oswald de Andrade]] [[sl:Oswald de Andrade]] [[sv:Oswald de Andrade]]