Oswald de Andrade
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2008-05-22T22:45:07Z
Brasileiroborges
7022200
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[[Image:Oswald de Andrade.jpg|thumb|190px|Portrait of Oswald de Andrade by [[Tarsila do Amaral]]]]
'''José Oswald de Andrade Souza''' ([[January 11]], [[1890]]–[[October 22]], [[1954]]) was a [[Literature of Brazil|Brazilian]] [[poet]] and [[polemicist]]. He was born and spent most of his life in [[São Paulo, São Paulo|São Paulo]].
Andrade was one of the founders of Brazilian [[modernism]] and a member of the Group of Five, along with [[Mário de Andrade]], [[Anita Malfatti]], [[Tarsila do Amaral]] and [[Menotti del Picchia]]. He participated in the [[Week of Modern Art]] (''Semana de Arte Moderna'').
Andrade is best known for his [[manifesto]] of Brazilian nationalism, ''Manifesto Antropófago'' (''[[Cannibal Manifesto]]''), published in [[1928]]. Its argument is that Brazil's history of "[[cannibalism|cannibalizing]]" other cultures is its greatest strength, while playing on the modernists' [[primitivism|primitivist]] interest in cannibalism as an alleged [[indigenous peoples in Brazil|tribal]] [[rite]]. Cannibalism becomes a way for Brazil to assert itself against European [[postcolonialism|postcolonial]] cultural domination. The ''Manifesto's'' iconic line is "Tupi or not Tupi: that is the question." The line is simultaneously a celebration of the [[Tupi people|Tupi]], who had been at times accused of cannibalism (most notoriously by [[Hans Staden]]), and an instance of cannibalism: it eats [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]].
Born into a wealthy family, Andrade used his money and connections to support numerous modernist artists and projects. He sponsored the publication of several major novels of the period, produced a number of [[experimental theatre|experimental plays]], and supported several painters, including [[Tarsila do Amaral]], with whom he had a long affair, and [[Lasar Segall]]. His role in the modernist community was made somewhat awkward, however, by his feud with Mário de Andrade, which lasted from [[1929]] (after Oswald de Andrade published a pseudonymous essay mocking Mário for effeminacy) until Mário de Andrade's premature death in [[1945]].
==Select works==
*''Manifesto Pau-Brasil'' published in Correio da Manhã on March 18, 1924.
*''[[Manifesto Antropófago]]'' published in Revista de Antropofagia in 1928 May.
*''Meu Testamento'', 1944
*''A Arcádia e a Inconfidência'', 1945
*''A Crise da Filosofia Messiânica'', 1950
*''Um Aspecto Antropofágico da Cultura Brsileira: O Homem Cordial'', 1950
*''A Marcha das Utopias'', 1953
==References==
In Portuguese:
*Boaventura, Maria Eugenia. ''A Vanguarda Antropofágica.'' São Paulo: Ática, 1985.
*Helena, Lúcia. ''Totens e tabus da modernidade brasileira: símbolo e alegoria na obra de Oswald de Andrade.'' Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro. 1985.
*Justino, Maria José. ''O Banquete Canibal: A modernidade em Tarsila do Amaral 1886-1973'' Curitiba: Editora UFPR, 2002.
*Nunes, Benedito. ''Oswald Canibal.'' São Paulo: Perspectiva, 1979.
*Nunes, Benedito. ''A Utopia Antropofágica: A Antropofagia ao alcance de todos.'' São Paulo: Globo, 1990
*Netto, Adriano Bitarães. ''Antropofagia Oswaldiana: Um Receituário Estético e Científico.'' São Paulo: Annablume, 2004.
*Morais Junior, Luís Carlos de. ''O Olho do Ciclope e os Novos Antropófagos: Antropofagia Cinematótica na Literatura Brasileira.'' Rio de Janeiro, HP Comunicação, 2008.
In Spanish:
*Jauregui, Carlos A. ''Canibalia. Canibalismo, calibanismo, antropofagia cultural y consumo en América Latina.'' Premio Casa de las Américas. Revised, second edition. Madrid, Spain: Vervuert, ETC: Ensayos de Teoría Cultural 1, 2008. 724 pages.
==External links==
*[http://www.pataphysics-lab.com/sarcophaga/manyfestos/de%20Andrade,%20Oswald%20-%20Cannibal%20Manifesto.html Text of the Cannibal Manifesto in English] (inexact translation)
*[http://www.itaucultural.org.br/aplicExternas/enciclopedia_IC/index.cfm?fuseaction=marcos_texto_ing&cd_verbete=4110 Text about the Cannibal Manifesto in English]
*{{pt icon}} [http://www.lumiarte.com/luardeoutono/oswald/manifpaubr.html Text of the Pau-Brasil Manifesto]
*{{pt icon}} [http://www.lumiarte.com/luardeoutono/oswald/manifantropof.html Text of the Cannibal Manifesto]
[[Category: 1890 births|Andrade, Oswald de]]
[[Category: 1954 deaths|Andrade, Oswald de]]
[[Category:Brazilian poets|Andrade, Oswald de]]
[[Category:Brazilian writers|Andrade, Oswald de]]
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