Pancreatic disease
5323147
213335465
2008-05-18T21:51:30Z
Arcadian
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icd
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
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ICD10 = {{ICD10|K|85||k|80}}-{{ICD10|K|86||k|80}}, {{ICD10|Q|45|0|q|38}}-{{ICD10|Q|45|3|q|38}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|577}}, {{ICD9|751.7}} |
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eMedicineSubj = |
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MeshID = D010182 |
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'''Pancreatic diseases''' include:
===Pancreatitis===
[[Pancreatitis]] is [[inflammation]] of the pancreas. There are two forms of pancreatitis, which are different in causes and symptoms, and require different treatment:
*[[Acute pancreatitis]] is a rapidly-onset inflammation of the pancreas, most frequently caused by [[alcoholism]] or [[gallstone]]s.
*[[Chronic pancreatitis]]: A long-standing inflammation of the pancreas.
===Diabetes mellitus===
The pancreas is central in the pathophysiology of both major types of [[diabetes mellitus]]. In [[type 1 diabetes mellitus]], there is direct damage to the [[endocrine pancreas]] that results in insufficient [[insulin]] synthesis and secretion. [[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]], which begins with [[insulin resistance]], is characterized by the ultimate failure of pancreatic β cells to match insulin production with insulin demand.
===Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency===
[[Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]] (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack of [[digestive enzyme]]s made by the pancreas. EPI is found in humans afflicted with cystic fibrosis and Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome. It is caused by a progressive loss of the pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes. [[Chronic pancreatitis]] is the most common cause of EPI in humans. Loss of digestive enzymes leads to [[maldigestion]] and [[malabsorption]] of nutrients.
===Cystic fibrosis===
[[Cystic fibrosis]], also known as '''[[mucoviscidosis]]''', is a hereditary disease that affects the entire body, causing progressive disability and early death. There is no cure for cystic fibrosis, and most affected individuals die young from lung failure. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a [[mutation]] in the [[CFTR (gene)|cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] (CFTR) gene. The [[cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator|product of this gene]] helps create sweat, [[Pancreatic juice|digestive juices]], and [[mucus]]. Although most people without CF have two working copies of the CFTR gene, only one is needed to prevent cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis develops when neither gene works normally. Therefore, it is considered an [[Autosome|autosomal]] [[recessive gene|recessive]] disease. The name ''cystic fibrosis'' refers to the characteristic 'fibrosis' (tissue scarring) and cyst formation within the pancreas. Cystic fibrosis causes irreversible damage to the pancreas, which often results in painful inflammation. ([[pancreatitis]]).
===Pseudocysts===
A [[pancreatic pseudocyst]] is a circumscribed collection of fluid rich in [[amylase]] and other pancreatic [[enzyme]]s, blood and [[necrotic tissue]], typically located in the [[lesser sac]].
===Congenital malformations===
====Pancreas divisum====
[[Pancreas divisum]] is a [[malformation]] in which the pancreas fails to fuse together. It is a rare condition that affects only 6% of the world's population and of these few only 1% ever have symptoms that require surgery.
====Annular pancreas====
[[Annular pancreas]] is characterized by a pancreas that encircles the duodenum. It results from an embryological malformation in which the early pancreatic buds undergo inappropriate rotation and fusion, which can lead to [[small bowel obstruction]].
===Neoplasms===
See [[pancreatic cancer]].
====Zollinger-Ellison syndrome====
[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]] is a collection of findings in individuals with [[gastrinoma]], a tumor of the [[gastrin]]-producing cells of the pancreas. Unbridled gastrin secretion results in elevated levels of the hormone, and increased hydrochloric acid secretion from [[parietal cells]] of the stomach. It can lead to ulceration and scarring of the stomach and intestinal mucosa.
===Hemosuccus pancreaticus===
[[Hemosuccus pancreaticus]], also known as [[pseudohematobilia]] or [[Wirsungorrhage]], is a rare cause of [[lower gastrointestinal bleeding|hemorrhage]] in the [[gastrointestinal tract]]. It is caused by a bleeding source in the pancreas, pancreatic duct, or structures adjacent to the pancreas, such as the [[splenic artery]], that bleed into the pancreatic duct. Patients with hemosuccus may develop symptoms of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, such as blood in the stools, maroon stools, or [[melena]]. They may also develop abdominal pain. Hemosuccus pancreaticus is associated with [[pancreatitis]], [[pancreatic cancer]] and [[aneurysm]]s of the [[splenic artery]]. [[Angiography]] may be used to treat hemosuccus pancreaticus, where the [[celiac axis]] is injected to determine the blood vessel that is bleeding, because [[embolization]] of the end vessel may terminate the hemorrhage. Alternatively, a distal [[pancreatectomy]] may be required to stop the hemorrhage.
==See also==
* [[Pancreas]]
{{Gastroenterology}}
{{Congenital malformations and deformations of digestive system}}
[[Category:Digestive system]]