Papilionoidea
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2008-06-01T01:06:09Z
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{{Taxobox
| name = Papilionoidea
| image = Kamehamehabutterfly2.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Kamehameha (butterfly)|Kamehameha]]''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
| subordo = [[Ditrysia]]
| unranked_familia = [[Rhopalocera]]
| superfamilia = '''Papilionoidea'''
| superfamilia_authority = [[Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision =
* [[Papilionidae]]
* [[Pieridae]]
* [[Brush-footed butterfly|Nymphalidae]]
* [[Lycaenidae]]
* [[Riodinidae]]
}}
The [[superfamily]] '''Papilionoidea''' (from the word "papilion", meaning "butterfly") contains all the [[butterfly|butterflies]] except for the [[skipper (butterfly)|skipper]]s, which are classified in superfamily [[Hesperioidea]], and the moth-like [[Hedyloidea]].
A proposed phylogenetic position of the Papilionoidea is as follows:<ref>[http://tolweb.org/Ditrysia/11868 Tree of Life] Accessed January 2007</ref>
{{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|label1=Rhopalocera
|1= {{clade
|1=[[Papilionoidea]] (true butterflies)
|2=[[Hesperiidae]] (skippers)
|3=[[Hedylidae]] (American butterfly moths)
}}
}}
Some authors treat this group as a series '''Papilioniformes''' within a single superfamily that also includes the skippers. However not all authors agree that all the butterflies constitute a single [[clade]]. The skippers are significantly different from the other butterflies. The members of the Papilionoidea may be distinguished by the following combination of characters:
*the body is smaller and less moth-like.
*the wings are larger.
*the [[antenna (biology)|antenna]]e are straight and clubbed (rather than hooked as in the skippers).
*the [[caterpillar]]s do not spin cocoons to [[pupa]]te in.
*the pupae are angular rather than rounded.
==Families of Papilionoidea==
The five well-supported families of Papilionoidea are:
*[[Swallowtail butterfly|Swallowtail]]s and [[Birdwing]]s, [[Papilionidae]]
*[[Pieridae|White]]s or Yellow-Whites, [[Pieridae]]
*[[Lycaenidae|Blues and Coppers]] or Gossamer-Winged Butterflies, [[Lycaenidae]]
*[[Metalmark butterfly|Metalmark butterflies]], [[Riodinidae]]
*[[Brush-footed butterfly|Brush-footed butterflies]], [[Nymphalidae]] which contain the following 13 subfamilies:
** the snout butterflies or [[Libytheinae]] (formerly the family Libytheidae).
** the Danaids or [[Danainae]] (formerly the family Danaidae).
** the [[Tellervinae]].
** the glasswings or [[Ithomiinae]].
** the [[Calinaginae]].
** the morphos and owls or [[Morphinae]] (including the owls as tribe Brassolini).
** the Browns or [[Satyrinae]] (formerly the family Satyridae).
** the [[Charaxinae]] (preponas and leaf butterflies).
** the [[Biblidinae]].
** the [[Apaturinae]].
** the nymphs or [[Nymphalinae]].
** the [[Limenitidinae]] (especially the adelphas) (formerly the family Limenitididae).
** the tropical longwings or [[Heliconiinae]].
Of the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, only the Morphinae and Satyrinae are possibly paraphyletic, but these two subfamilies form a strongly-supported clade with the Charaxinae as sister-group.<ref>Gerardo Lamas (2008) Systematics of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) in the world: current state abd future prespectives (in Spanish). In: Jorge Llorente-Bousquets and Analía Lanteri (eds.) ''Contribuiciones taxonómicas en ordens de insectos hiperdiversos''. Mexico City: UNAM. Pp. 57-70.</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Lepidoptera}}
[[Category:Butterflies]]
[[da:dagsommerfugle]]
[[de:Tagfalter]]
[[fr:Papilionoidea]]
[[it:Papilionoidea]]
[[ko:호랑나비상과]]
[[no:Dagsommerfugler]]
[[fi:Päiväperhoset]]
[[zh:鳳蝶總科]]