Papilionoidea 645688 216302384 2008-06-01T01:06:09Z Shyamal 5798 add ref tags {{Taxobox | name = Papilionoidea | image = Kamehamehabutterfly2.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = ''[[Kamehameha (butterfly)|Kamehameha]]'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Insect]]a | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | subordo = [[Ditrysia]] | unranked_familia = [[Rhopalocera]] | superfamilia = '''Papilionoidea''' | superfamilia_authority = [[Latreille]], 1802 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = * [[Papilionidae]] * [[Pieridae]] * [[Brush-footed butterfly|Nymphalidae]] * [[Lycaenidae]] * [[Riodinidae]] }} The [[superfamily]] '''Papilionoidea''' (from the word "papilion", meaning "butterfly") contains all the [[butterfly|butterflies]] except for the [[skipper (butterfly)|skipper]]s, which are classified in superfamily [[Hesperioidea]], and the moth-like [[Hedyloidea]]. A proposed phylogenetic position of the Papilionoidea is as follows:<ref>[http://tolweb.org/Ditrysia/11868 Tree of Life] Accessed January 2007</ref> {{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75% |label1=Rhopalocera |1= {{clade |1=[[Papilionoidea]]&nbsp;(true&nbsp;butterflies) |2=[[Hesperiidae]]&nbsp;(skippers) |3=[[Hedylidae]]&nbsp;(American&nbsp;butterfly&nbsp;moths) }} }} Some authors treat this group as a series '''Papilioniformes''' within a single superfamily that also includes the skippers. However not all authors agree that all the butterflies constitute a single [[clade]]. The skippers are significantly different from the other butterflies. The members of the Papilionoidea may be distinguished by the following combination of characters: *the body is smaller and less moth-like. *the wings are larger. *the [[antenna (biology)|antenna]]e are straight and clubbed (rather than hooked as in the skippers). *the [[caterpillar]]s do not spin cocoons to [[pupa]]te in. *the pupae are angular rather than rounded. ==Families of Papilionoidea== The five well-supported families of Papilionoidea are: *[[Swallowtail butterfly|Swallowtail]]s and [[Birdwing]]s, [[Papilionidae]] *[[Pieridae|White]]s or Yellow-Whites, [[Pieridae]] *[[Lycaenidae|Blues and Coppers]] or Gossamer-Winged Butterflies, [[Lycaenidae]] *[[Metalmark butterfly|Metalmark butterflies]], [[Riodinidae]] *[[Brush-footed butterfly|Brush-footed butterflies]], [[Nymphalidae]] which contain the following 13 subfamilies: ** the snout butterflies or [[Libytheinae]] (formerly the family Libytheidae). ** the Danaids or [[Danainae]] (formerly the family Danaidae). ** the [[Tellervinae]]. ** the glasswings or [[Ithomiinae]]. ** the [[Calinaginae]]. ** the morphos and owls or [[Morphinae]] (including the owls as tribe Brassolini). ** the Browns or [[Satyrinae]] (formerly the family Satyridae). ** the [[Charaxinae]] (preponas and leaf butterflies). ** the [[Biblidinae]]. ** the [[Apaturinae]]. ** the nymphs or [[Nymphalinae]]. ** the [[Limenitidinae]] (especially the adelphas) (formerly the family Limenitididae). ** the tropical longwings or [[Heliconiinae]]. Of the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, only the Morphinae and Satyrinae are possibly paraphyletic, but these two subfamilies form a strongly-supported clade with the Charaxinae as sister-group.<ref>Gerardo Lamas (2008) Systematics of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) in the world: current state abd future prespectives (in Spanish). In: Jorge Llorente-Bousquets and Analía Lanteri (eds.) ''Contribuiciones taxonómicas en ordens de insectos hiperdiversos''. Mexico City: UNAM. Pp. 57-70.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Lepidoptera}} [[Category:Butterflies]] [[da:dagsommerfugle]] [[de:Tagfalter]] [[fr:Papilionoidea]] [[it:Papilionoidea]] [[ko:호랑나비상과]] [[no:Dagsommerfugler]] [[fi:Päiväperhoset]] [[zh:鳳蝶總科]]