Paralichthyidae
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194799190
2008-02-29T01:31:33Z
Eubot
231599
Removed taxobox colour. See [[User:Eubot/Removing colours from taxoboxen]].
{{Taxobox
| name = Large-tooth flounders
| image = Citharichthys sordidus.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = [[Pacific sanddab]], ''Citharichthys sordidus''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| ordo = [[Pleuronectiformes]]
| familia = '''Paralichthyidae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''[[Ancylopsetta]]''<br/>
''[[Cephalopsetta]]''<br/>
''[[Citharichthys]]''<br/>
''[[Cyclopsetta]]''<br/>
''[[Etropus]]''<br/>
''[[Gastropsetta]]''<br/>
''[[Hippoglossina]]''<br/>
''[[Paralichthys]]''<br/>
''[[Pseudorhombus]]''<br/>
''[[Syacium]]''<br/>
''[[Tarphops]]''<br/>
''[[Tephrinectes]]''<br/>
''[[Thysanopsetta]]''<br/>
''[[Xystreurys]]''<br/>
See text for species.
}}
'''Large-tooth flounders''' are a family, '''Paralichthyidae''', of [[flounder]]s.<ref name="fishbase">{{FishBase family | family = Paralichthyidae | month = February | year = 2006}}</ref> They lie on the sea bed on their right side; both eyes are on the left side of the head.
They are found in temperate and tropical waters of the [[Atlantic]], [[Indian Ocean|Indian]] and [[Pacific Ocean]]s.
Several species are important commercial and game fishes, notably the [[California halibut]], ''Paralichthys californicus'' and the [[Pacific sanddab]], ''Citharichthys sordidus''.
==Species==
There are 115 species in 14 genera:<ref name="fishbase"/><ref>{{ITIS | ID = 172714 | taxon = Paralichthyidae | date = 2 April | month = 2006}}</ref>
* Genus ''[[Ancylopsetta]]''
** ''[[Ancylopsetta antillarum]]'' <small>Gutherz, 1966</small>.
** [[Cyclope flounder]], ''[[Ancylopsetta cycloidea]]'' <small>Tyler, 1959</small>.
** [[Three-spot flounder]], ''[[Ancylopsetta dendritica]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1890</small>.
** [[Three-eye flounder]], ''[[Ancylopsetta dilecta]]''
** [[Foureyed flounder]], ''[[Ancylopsetta kumperae]]'' <small>Tyler, 1959</small>.
** ''[[Ancylopsetta microctenus]]'' <small>Gutherz, 1966</small>.
** [[Gulf of Mexico ocellated flounder]], ''[[Ancylopsetta ommata]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1883)</small>.
* Genus ''[[Cephalopsetta]]''
** ''[[Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus]]'' <small>Dutt & Rao, 1965</small>.
* Genus ''[[Citharichthys]]''
** [[Veracruz whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys abbotti]]'' <small>Dawson, 1969</small>.
** ''[[Citharichthys amblybregmatus]]'' <small>Gutherz & Blackman, 1970</small>.
** [[Gulf Stream flounder]], ''[[Citharichthys arctifrons]]'' <small>[[George Brown Goode|Goode]], 1880</small>.
** [[Sand whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys arenaceus]]'' <small>Evermann & Marsh, 1900</small>.
** [[Horned whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys cornutus]]'' <small>([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1880)</small>.
** [[Spined whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys dinoceros]]'' <small>[[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1886</small>.
** [[Gulf sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys fragilis]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1890</small>.
** [[Bigmouth sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys gilberti]]'' <small>Jenkins & Evermann, 1889</small>.
** ''[[Citharichthys gnathus]]'' <small>Hoshino & Amaoka, 1999</small>.
** [[Mimic sandab]], ''[[Citharichthys gordae]]'' <small>[[Charles William Beebe|Beebe]] & Tee-Van, 1938</small>.
** [[Anglefin whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys gymnorhinus]]'' <small>Gutherz & Blackman, 1970</small>.
** [[Spotted whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys macrops]]'' <small>Dresel, 1885</small>.
** [[Five-rayed sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys mariajorisae]]'' <small>van der Heiden & Mussot-Pérez, 1995</small>.
** ''[[Citharichthys minutus]]'' <small>Cervigón, 1982</small>.
** [[Small sandab]], ''[[Citharichthys platophrys]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1891</small>.
** [[Pacific sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys sordidus]]'' <small>([[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1854)</small>.
** [[Bay whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys spilopterus]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1862</small>.
** [[Smooth flounder]], ''[[Citharichthys stampflii]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1894)</small>.
** [[Speckled sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys stigmaeus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1882</small>.
** ''[[Citharichthys surinamensis]]'' <small>([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]] & [[Johann Gottlob Schneider|Schneider]], 1801)</small>.
** [[Voodoo whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys uhleri]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1889</small>.
** ''[[Citharichthys valdezi]]'' <small>Cervigón, 1986</small>.
** [[Longfin sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys xanthostigma]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1890</small>.
* Genus ''[[Cyclopsetta]]''
** [[Mexican flounder]], ''[[Cyclopsetta chittendeni]]'' <small>[[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1895</small>.
** ''[[Cyclopsetta decussata]]'' <small>Gunter, 1946</small>.
** [[Spotfin flounder]], ''[[Cyclopsetta fimbriata]]'' <small>([[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1885)</small>.
** [[God's flounder]], ''[[Cyclopsetta panamensis]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1876)</small>.
** [[Toothed flounder]], ''[[Cyclopsetta querna]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Bollman, 1890)</small>.
* Genus ''[[Etropus]]''
** [[Fringed flounder]], ''[[Etropus crossotus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1882</small>.
** [[Shelf flounder]], ''[[Etropus cyclosquamus]]'' <small>Leslie & Stewart, 1986</small>.
** ''[[Etropus delsmani delsmani]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1940</small>.
** [[Delsman's flounder]], ''[[Etropus delsmani pacificus]]'' <small>Nielsen, 1963</small>.
** [[Sole flounder]], ''[[Etropus ectenes]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1889</small>.
** ''[[Etropus intermedius]]'' <small>Norman, 1933</small>.
** ''[[Etropus longimanus]]'' <small>Norman, 1933</small>.
** [[Smallmouth flounder]], ''[[Etropus microstomus]]'' <small>([[Theodore Gill|Gill]], 1864)</small>.
** [[Peruvian flounder]], ''[[Etropus peruvianus]]'' <small>Hildebrand, 1946</small>.
** [[Gray flounder]], ''[[Etropus rimosus]]'' <small>[[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1885</small>.
[[Image:Etropus rimosus.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[Gray flounder]], ''Etropus rimosus'']]
* Genus ''[[Gastropsetta]]''
** [[Shrimp flounder]], ''[[Gastropsetta frontalis]]'' <small>[[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1895</small>.
* Genus ''[[Hippoglossina]]''
** [[Spotted flounder]], ''[[Hippoglossina bollmani]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1890</small>.
** [[Bigeye flounder]], ''[[Hippoglossina macrops]]'' <small>(Dresel, 1885)</small>.
** ''[[Hippoglossina montemaris]]'' <small>de Buen, 1961</small>.
** ''[[Hippoglossina mystacium]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1936</small>.
** [[American fourspot flounder]], ''[[Hippoglossina oblonga]]'' <small>(Mitchill, 1815)</small>.
** [[Bigmouth flounder]], ''[[Hippoglossina stomata]]'' <small>[[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|Eigenmann]] & [[Carl H. Eigenmann|Eigenmann]], 1890</small>.
** [[Fourspot flounder]], ''[[Hippoglossina tetrophthalma]]'' <small>(Gilbert, 1890)</small>.
* Genus ''[[Paralichthys]]''
** [[Fine flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys adspersus]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1867)</small>.
** [[Cortez flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys aestuarius]]'' <small>Gilbert & Scofield, 1898</small>.
** [[Gulf flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys albigutta]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1882</small>.
** [[Brazilian flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys brasiliensis]]'' <small>(Ranzani, 1842)</small>.
** [[California halibut]], ''[[Paralichthys californicus]]'' <small>([[William Orville Ayres|Ayres]], 1859)</small>.
** ''[[Paralichthys coeruleosticta]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1898</small>.
** ''[[Paralichthys delfini]]'' <small>Pequeño & Plaza, 1987</small>.
** [[Summer flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys dentatus]]'' <small>([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)</small>.
** ''[[Paralichthys fernandezianus]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1903</small>.
** ''[[Paralichthys hilgendorfii]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1903</small>.
** ''[[Paralichthys isosceles]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1891</small>.
** Southern flounder, ''[[Paralichthys lethostigma]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1884</small>.
** ''[[Paralichthys microps]]'' <small>([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1881)</small>.
** [[Bastard halibut]], ''[[Paralichthys olivaceus]]'' <small>([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]] & [[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1846)</small>.
** ''[[Paralichthys orbignyanus]]'' <small>([[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1842)</small>.
** [[Patagonian flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys patagonicus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1889</small>.
** ''[[Paralichthys schmitti]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1933</small>.
** [[Broad flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys squamilentus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1882</small>.
** ''[[Paralichthys triocellatus]]'' <small>Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903</small>.
** [[Tropical flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys tropicus]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1933</small>.
** [[Speckled flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys woolmani]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Williams, 1897</small>.
* Genus ''[[Pseudorhombus]]''
** [[Ringed flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus annulatus]]'' <small>Norman, 1927</small>.
** [[Peacock flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus argus]]'' <small>Weber, 1913</small>.
** Largetooth flounder, ''[[Pseudorhombus arsius]]'' <small>(Hamilton, 1822)</small>.
** ''[[Pseudorhombus binii]]'' <small>Tortonese, 1955</small>.
** [[Cinnamon flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus]]'' <small>([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]] & [[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1846)</small>.
** ''[[Pseudorhombus ctenosquamis]]'' <small>(Oshima, 1927)</small>.
** [[Four twin-spot flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus diplospilus]]'' <small>Norman, 1926</small>.
** [[Ocellated flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1905</small>.
** [[Deep flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus elevatus]]'' <small>[[William Ogilby|Ogilby]], 1912</small>.
** [[Javan flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus javanicus]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1853)</small>.
** [[Small-toothed flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus jenynsii]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1855)</small>.
** ''[[Pseudorhombus levisquamis]]'' <small>(Oshima, 1927)</small>.
** [[Malayan flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus malayanus]]'' <small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1865</small>.
** ''[[Pseudorhombus megalops]]'' <small>Fowler, 1934</small>.
** ''[[Pseudorhombus micrognathus]]'' <small>Norman, 1927</small>.
** [[Natal flounders]], ''[[Pseudorhombus natalensis]]'' <small>Gilchrist, 1904</small>.
** ''[[Pseudorhombus neglectus]]'' <small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1865</small>.
** ''[[Pseudorhombus oculocirris]]'' <small>Amaoka, 1969</small>.
** [[Roughscale flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus oligodon]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1854)</small>.
** [[Fivespot flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1862</small>.
** ''[[Pseudorhombus polyspilos]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1853)</small>.
** [[Five-eyed flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus quinquocellatus]]'' <small>Weber & de Beaufort, 1929</small>.
** ''[[Pseudorhombus russellii]]'' <small>([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1834)</small>.
** [[Spiny flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus spinosus]]'' <small>McCulloch, 1914</small>.
** ''[[Pseudorhombus tenuirastrum]]'' <small>(Waite, 1899)</small>.
** [[Three spotted flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus triocellatus]]'' <small>(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903)</small>.
* Genus ''[[Syacium]]''
** ''[[Syacium guineensis]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1862)</small>.
** [[Shoal flounder]], ''[[Syacium gunteri]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1933</small>.
** [[Beach flounder]], ''[[Syacium latifrons]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1882)</small>.
** [[Longfin flounder]], ''[[Syacium longidorsale]]'' <small>Murakami & Amaoka, 1992</small>.
** [[Clearspot flounder]], ''[[Syacium maculiferum]]'' <small>([[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1899)</small>.
** [[Channel flounder]], ''[[Syacium micrurum]]'' <small>Ranzani, 1842</small>.
** [[Oval flounder]], ''[[Syacium ovale]]'' <small>([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864)</small>.
** [[Dusky flounder]], ''[[Syacium papillosum]]'' <small>([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small>.[[Image:Syacium papillosum.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Dusky flounder]], ''Syacium papillosum'']]
* Genus ''[[Tarphops]]''
** ''[[Tarphops elegans]]'' <small>Amaoka, 1969</small>.
** ''[[Tarphops oligolepis]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1858–1859)</small>.
* Genus ''[[Tephrinectes]]''
** ''[[Tephrinectes sinensis]]'' <small>([[Bernard Germain Étienne De La Ville, Comte De Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1802)</small>.
* Genus ''[[Thysanopsetta]]''
** ''[[Thysanopsetta naresi]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1880</small>.
* Genus ''[[Xystreurys]]''
** [[Fantail flounder]], ''[[Xystreurys liolepis]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1880</small>.
** ''[[Xystreurys rasile]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1891)</small>.
== References ==
{{commonscat|Paralichthyidae}}
<references/>
[[Category:Paralichthyidae| ]]
[[de:Linksaugen-Flundern]]
[[fr:Paralichthyidae]]
[[ko:넙치과]]
[[lt:Paltusžuvės]]
[[nl:Schijnbotten]]
[[pt:Paralichthyidae]]
[[zh:牙鮃科]]