Paralichthyidae 4603651 194799190 2008-02-29T01:31:33Z Eubot 231599 Removed taxobox colour. See [[User:Eubot/Removing colours from taxoboxen]]. {{Taxobox | name = Large-tooth flounders | image = Citharichthys sordidus.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = [[Pacific sanddab]], ''Citharichthys sordidus'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Actinopterygii]] | ordo = [[Pleuronectiformes]] | familia = '''Paralichthyidae''' | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''[[Ancylopsetta]]''<br/> ''[[Cephalopsetta]]''<br/> ''[[Citharichthys]]''<br/> ''[[Cyclopsetta]]''<br/> ''[[Etropus]]''<br/> ''[[Gastropsetta]]''<br/> ''[[Hippoglossina]]''<br/> ''[[Paralichthys]]''<br/> ''[[Pseudorhombus]]''<br/> ''[[Syacium]]''<br/> ''[[Tarphops]]''<br/> ''[[Tephrinectes]]''<br/> ''[[Thysanopsetta]]''<br/> ''[[Xystreurys]]''<br/> See text for species. }} '''Large-tooth flounders''' are a family, '''Paralichthyidae''', of [[flounder]]s.<ref name="fishbase">{{FishBase family | family = Paralichthyidae | month = February | year = 2006}}</ref> They lie on the sea bed on their right side; both eyes are on the left side of the head. They are found in temperate and tropical waters of the [[Atlantic]], [[Indian Ocean|Indian]] and [[Pacific Ocean]]s. Several species are important commercial and game fishes, notably the [[California halibut]], ''Paralichthys californicus'' and the [[Pacific sanddab]], ''Citharichthys sordidus''. ==Species== There are 115 species in 14 genera:<ref name="fishbase"/><ref>{{ITIS | ID = 172714 | taxon = Paralichthyidae | date = 2 April | month = 2006}}</ref> * Genus ''[[Ancylopsetta]]'' ** ''[[Ancylopsetta antillarum]]'' <small>Gutherz, 1966</small>. ** [[Cyclope flounder]], ''[[Ancylopsetta cycloidea]]'' <small>Tyler, 1959</small>. ** [[Three-spot flounder]], ''[[Ancylopsetta dendritica]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1890</small>. ** [[Three-eye flounder]], ''[[Ancylopsetta dilecta]]'' ** [[Foureyed flounder]], ''[[Ancylopsetta kumperae]]'' <small>Tyler, 1959</small>. ** ''[[Ancylopsetta microctenus]]'' <small>Gutherz, 1966</small>. ** [[Gulf of Mexico ocellated flounder]], ''[[Ancylopsetta ommata]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1883)</small>. * Genus ''[[Cephalopsetta]]'' ** ''[[Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus]]'' <small>Dutt & Rao, 1965</small>. * Genus ''[[Citharichthys]]'' ** [[Veracruz whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys abbotti]]'' <small>Dawson, 1969</small>. ** ''[[Citharichthys amblybregmatus]]'' <small>Gutherz & Blackman, 1970</small>. ** [[Gulf Stream flounder]], ''[[Citharichthys arctifrons]]'' <small>[[George Brown Goode|Goode]], 1880</small>. ** [[Sand whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys arenaceus]]'' <small>Evermann & Marsh, 1900</small>. ** [[Horned whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys cornutus]]'' <small>([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1880)</small>. ** [[Spined whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys dinoceros]]'' <small>[[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1886</small>. ** [[Gulf sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys fragilis]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1890</small>. ** [[Bigmouth sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys gilberti]]'' <small>Jenkins & Evermann, 1889</small>. ** ''[[Citharichthys gnathus]]'' <small>Hoshino & Amaoka, 1999</small>. ** [[Mimic sandab]], ''[[Citharichthys gordae]]'' <small>[[Charles William Beebe|Beebe]] & Tee-Van, 1938</small>. ** [[Anglefin whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys gymnorhinus]]'' <small>Gutherz & Blackman, 1970</small>. ** [[Spotted whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys macrops]]'' <small>Dresel, 1885</small>. ** [[Five-rayed sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys mariajorisae]]'' <small>van der Heiden & Mussot-Pérez, 1995</small>. ** ''[[Citharichthys minutus]]'' <small>Cervigón, 1982</small>. ** [[Small sandab]], ''[[Citharichthys platophrys]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1891</small>. ** [[Pacific sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys sordidus]]'' <small>([[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1854)</small>. ** [[Bay whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys spilopterus]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1862</small>. ** [[Smooth flounder]], ''[[Citharichthys stampflii]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1894)</small>. ** [[Speckled sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys stigmaeus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1882</small>. ** ''[[Citharichthys surinamensis]]'' <small>([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]] & [[Johann Gottlob Schneider|Schneider]], 1801)</small>. ** [[Voodoo whiff]], ''[[Citharichthys uhleri]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1889</small>. ** ''[[Citharichthys valdezi]]'' <small>Cervigón, 1986</small>. ** [[Longfin sanddab]], ''[[Citharichthys xanthostigma]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1890</small>. * Genus ''[[Cyclopsetta]]'' ** [[Mexican flounder]], ''[[Cyclopsetta chittendeni]]'' <small>[[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1895</small>. ** ''[[Cyclopsetta decussata]]'' <small>Gunter, 1946</small>. ** [[Spotfin flounder]], ''[[Cyclopsetta fimbriata]]'' <small>([[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1885)</small>. ** [[God's flounder]], ''[[Cyclopsetta panamensis]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1876)</small>. ** [[Toothed flounder]], ''[[Cyclopsetta querna]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Bollman, 1890)</small>. * Genus ''[[Etropus]]'' ** [[Fringed flounder]], ''[[Etropus crossotus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1882</small>. ** [[Shelf flounder]], ''[[Etropus cyclosquamus]]'' <small>Leslie & Stewart, 1986</small>. ** ''[[Etropus delsmani delsmani]]'' <small>Chabanaud, 1940</small>. ** [[Delsman's flounder]], ''[[Etropus delsmani pacificus]]'' <small>Nielsen, 1963</small>. ** [[Sole flounder]], ''[[Etropus ectenes]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1889</small>. ** ''[[Etropus intermedius]]'' <small>Norman, 1933</small>. ** ''[[Etropus longimanus]]'' <small>Norman, 1933</small>. ** [[Smallmouth flounder]], ''[[Etropus microstomus]]'' <small>([[Theodore Gill|Gill]], 1864)</small>. ** [[Peruvian flounder]], ''[[Etropus peruvianus]]'' <small>Hildebrand, 1946</small>. ** [[Gray flounder]], ''[[Etropus rimosus]]'' <small>[[George Brown Goode|Goode]] & [[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1885</small>. [[Image:Etropus rimosus.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[Gray flounder]], ''Etropus rimosus'']] * Genus ''[[Gastropsetta]]'' ** [[Shrimp flounder]], ''[[Gastropsetta frontalis]]'' <small>[[Tarleton Hoffman Bean|Bean]], 1895</small>. * Genus ''[[Hippoglossina]]'' ** [[Spotted flounder]], ''[[Hippoglossina bollmani]]'' <small>Gilbert, 1890</small>. ** [[Bigeye flounder]], ''[[Hippoglossina macrops]]'' <small>(Dresel, 1885)</small>. ** ''[[Hippoglossina montemaris]]'' <small>de Buen, 1961</small>. ** ''[[Hippoglossina mystacium]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1936</small>. ** [[American fourspot flounder]], ''[[Hippoglossina oblonga]]'' <small>(Mitchill, 1815)</small>. ** [[Bigmouth flounder]], ''[[Hippoglossina stomata]]'' <small>[[Rosa Smith Eigenmann|Eigenmann]] & [[Carl H. Eigenmann|Eigenmann]], 1890</small>. ** [[Fourspot flounder]], ''[[Hippoglossina tetrophthalma]]'' <small>(Gilbert, 1890)</small>. * Genus ''[[Paralichthys]]'' ** [[Fine flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys adspersus]]'' <small>([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1867)</small>. ** [[Cortez flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys aestuarius]]'' <small>Gilbert & Scofield, 1898</small>. ** [[Gulf flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys albigutta]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1882</small>. ** [[Brazilian flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys brasiliensis]]'' <small>(Ranzani, 1842)</small>. ** [[California halibut]], ''[[Paralichthys californicus]]'' <small>([[William Orville Ayres|Ayres]], 1859)</small>. ** ''[[Paralichthys coeruleosticta]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1898</small>. ** ''[[Paralichthys delfini]]'' <small>Pequeño & Plaza, 1987</small>. ** [[Summer flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys dentatus]]'' <small>([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)</small>. ** ''[[Paralichthys fernandezianus]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1903</small>. ** ''[[Paralichthys hilgendorfii]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1903</small>. ** ''[[Paralichthys isosceles]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1891</small>. ** Southern flounder, ''[[Paralichthys lethostigma]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1884</small>. ** ''[[Paralichthys microps]]'' <small>([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1881)</small>. ** [[Bastard halibut]], ''[[Paralichthys olivaceus]]'' <small>([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]] & [[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1846)</small>. ** ''[[Paralichthys orbignyanus]]'' <small>([[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1842)</small>. ** [[Patagonian flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys patagonicus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1889</small>. ** ''[[Paralichthys schmitti]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1933</small>. ** [[Broad flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys squamilentus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1882</small>. ** ''[[Paralichthys triocellatus]]'' <small>Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903</small>. ** [[Tropical flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys tropicus]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1933</small>. ** [[Speckled flounder]], ''[[Paralichthys woolmani]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Williams, 1897</small>. * Genus ''[[Pseudorhombus]]'' ** [[Ringed flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus annulatus]]'' <small>Norman, 1927</small>. ** [[Peacock flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus argus]]'' <small>Weber, 1913</small>. ** Largetooth flounder, ''[[Pseudorhombus arsius]]'' <small>(Hamilton, 1822)</small>. ** ''[[Pseudorhombus binii]]'' <small>Tortonese, 1955</small>. ** [[Cinnamon flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus]]'' <small>([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]] & [[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1846)</small>. ** ''[[Pseudorhombus ctenosquamis]]'' <small>(Oshima, 1927)</small>. ** [[Four twin-spot flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus diplospilus]]'' <small>Norman, 1926</small>. ** [[Ocellated flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1905</small>. ** [[Deep flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus elevatus]]'' <small>[[William Ogilby|Ogilby]], 1912</small>. ** [[Javan flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus javanicus]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1853)</small>. ** [[Small-toothed flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus jenynsii]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1855)</small>. ** ''[[Pseudorhombus levisquamis]]'' <small>(Oshima, 1927)</small>. ** [[Malayan flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus malayanus]]'' <small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1865</small>. ** ''[[Pseudorhombus megalops]]'' <small>Fowler, 1934</small>. ** ''[[Pseudorhombus micrognathus]]'' <small>Norman, 1927</small>. ** [[Natal flounders]], ''[[Pseudorhombus natalensis]]'' <small>Gilchrist, 1904</small>. ** ''[[Pseudorhombus neglectus]]'' <small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1865</small>. ** ''[[Pseudorhombus oculocirris]]'' <small>Amaoka, 1969</small>. ** [[Roughscale flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus oligodon]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1854)</small>. ** [[Fivespot flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1862</small>. ** ''[[Pseudorhombus polyspilos]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1853)</small>. ** [[Five-eyed flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus quinquocellatus]]'' <small>Weber & de Beaufort, 1929</small>. ** ''[[Pseudorhombus russellii]]'' <small>([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1834)</small>. ** [[Spiny flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus spinosus]]'' <small>McCulloch, 1914</small>. ** ''[[Pseudorhombus tenuirastrum]]'' <small>(Waite, 1899)</small>. ** [[Three spotted flounder]], ''[[Pseudorhombus triocellatus]]'' <small>(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903)</small>. * Genus ''[[Syacium]]'' ** ''[[Syacium guineensis]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1862)</small>. ** [[Shoal flounder]], ''[[Syacium gunteri]]'' <small>Ginsburg, 1933</small>. ** [[Beach flounder]], ''[[Syacium latifrons]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1882)</small>. ** [[Longfin flounder]], ''[[Syacium longidorsale]]'' <small>Murakami & Amaoka, 1992</small>. ** [[Clearspot flounder]], ''[[Syacium maculiferum]]'' <small>([[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1899)</small>. ** [[Channel flounder]], ''[[Syacium micrurum]]'' <small>Ranzani, 1842</small>. ** [[Oval flounder]], ''[[Syacium ovale]]'' <small>([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864)</small>. ** [[Dusky flounder]], ''[[Syacium papillosum]]'' <small>([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small>.[[Image:Syacium papillosum.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Dusky flounder]], ''Syacium papillosum'']] * Genus ''[[Tarphops]]'' ** ''[[Tarphops elegans]]'' <small>Amaoka, 1969</small>. ** ''[[Tarphops oligolepis]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1858–1859)</small>. * Genus ''[[Tephrinectes]]'' ** ''[[Tephrinectes sinensis]]'' <small>([[Bernard Germain Étienne De La Ville, Comte De Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1802)</small>. * Genus ''[[Thysanopsetta]]'' ** ''[[Thysanopsetta naresi]]'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1880</small>. * Genus ''[[Xystreurys]]'' ** [[Fantail flounder]], ''[[Xystreurys liolepis]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & Gilbert, 1880</small>. ** ''[[Xystreurys rasile]]'' <small>([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1891)</small>. == References == {{commonscat|Paralichthyidae}} <references/> [[Category:Paralichthyidae| ]] [[de:Linksaugen-Flundern]] [[fr:Paralichthyidae]] [[ko:넙치과]] [[lt:Paltusžuvės]] [[nl:Schijnbotten]] [[pt:Paralichthyidae]] [[zh:牙鮃科]]