Parotitis
1478416
217120765
2008-06-04T18:15:30Z
McMundy
1240347
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|26||b|20}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|072.9}}, {{ICD9|527.2}} |
}}
'''Parotitis''' is an [[inflammation]] of one or both [[parotid gland]]s, the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans. The parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation.
''Bacterial causes:'' Parotitis is most often caused by a bacterial infection of [[Staphylococcus aureus]], but can result from viral infection, and other causes. The bacterium which causes [[tuberculosis]] can also cause parotid infection.<ref>[http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/parotitis.htm Parotitis] via NetDoctor. Accessed March 20, 2008.</ref> '''Acute suppurative parotitis''' is a very painful bacterial infection of the gland. It is contracted by bacteria and is treatable with [[antibiotics]].
''Viral causes:'' The most common viral cause of parotitis is [[mumps]]. Routine [[vaccine|vaccinations]] have dropped the incidence of mumps to a very low level. Mumps goes away on its own in about ten days.<REF NAME="COLGATE"/>
''Blockage:'' Blockage of the main parotid duct, or one of its branches, is often a primary cause of acute parotitis, with further inflammation secondary to [[bacteria]]l [[superinfection]]. The blockage may be from a salivary stone, a [[mucous]] plug, or, more rarely, by a tumor, usually benign.<REF NAME="COLGATE"/> Salivary stones, also called salivary calculi, are mainly made of [[calcium]], but do not indicate any kind of calcium disorder.<REF NAME="STONE">[http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/23069166/ Salivary Gland Stones (Salivary Calculi)] Accessed March 20, 2008.</ref> Stones may be diagnosed via [[X-ray]] (with a success rate of about 80%<REF NAME="STONE"/>) or a [[computed tomography]] (CT) scan. Stones may be removed by manipulation in the doctor's office, or, in the worst cases, by surgery. [[Lithotripsy]], also known as "shock wave" treatment, is best known for its use breaking up [[kidney stone]]s. Lithotripsy can now be used on salivary stones as well. Ultrasound waves break up the stones, and the fragments flush out of the salivary duct.<REF NAME="STONE"/>
''Sjögren's syndrome:'' Chronic inflammation of the salivary glands may also be an autoimmune disease known as [[Sjögren's syndrome]]. The cause is unknown. The syndrome is often characterized by excessive dryness in the eyes, mouth, nose, vagina, and skin.
''Other diseases:'' Swelling without pain and without infection also constitutes a form of parotitis, which may be acute or chronic. [[Diabetes]], [[alcoholism]], and [[bulimia]] may cause enlarged parotid glands, usually without pain.<REF NAME="COLGATE">[http://www.colgate.com/app/Colgate/US/OC/Information/OralHealthBasics/MedCondOralHealth/PhysDisorderOralEffects/Parotitis.cvsp What is Parotitis?] via Colgate. Accessed March 20, 2008.</REF> A small percentage of people with [[AIDS]] may experience perotitis.<REF NAME="COLGATE"/>
==Notes==
<references/>
==References==
*Brook I. Acute bacterial suppurative parotitis: microbiology and management. [Journal Article] Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 14(1):37-40, 2003.
*Mandel L. Surattanont F. Bilateral parotid swelling: a review. [Review] [160 refs] [Journal Article. Review] Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology & Endodontics. 93(3):221-37, 2002.
==External links==
* [http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic600.htm eMedicine]
* [http://www.patientsforum.com/ Parotitis Patients' Forum]
*
{{disease-stub}}
[[Category:Diseases]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Gross pathology]]
[[de:Parotitis]]
[[nl:Parotitis]]
[[no:Kusma]]
[[zh:腮腺炎]]