Passiflora edulis
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2008-07-10T20:52:43Z
Osnofla
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/* Uses */
{{Taxobox
| name = Passion fruit
| image = Maracuyá.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Ripe yellow passion fruit, or "maracuyá"
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
| familia = [[Passifloraceae]]
| genus = [[Passiflora]]
| species = '''''P. edulis'''''
| binomial = ''Passiflora edulis''
| binomial_authority = [[John Sims|Sims]]
}}
:''For the German pop group, see [[Passion Fruit (band)]].''
'''''Passiflora edulis''''' or '''passion fruit''' is a plant cultivated commercially for its [[fruit]]. It is native to [[South America]] and widely grown in [[India]], [[New Zealand]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Brazil]], southern [[Florida]], [[Hawaii]], [[Australia]], [[East Africa]], [[Israel]] and [[South Africa]]. The passion fruit is round to oval, yellow or dark purple at maturity, with a soft to firm, juicy interior filled with numerous seeds. The fruit can be grown to eat or for its juice, which is often added to other fruit juices to enhance aroma.
The two types of passion fruit have greatly different exterior appearances. The bright yellow variety of passion fruit, which is also known as the Golden Passionfruit, can grow up to the size of a [[grapefruit]], has a smooth, glossy, light and airy rind, and has been used as a [[rootstock]] for the purple passion fruit in Australia.<ref name="garden">{{cite news
| last = Reynhardt
| first = Debbie
| title = Gardening with Debbie Reynhardt
| work = Dispatch Online
| publisher = Dispatch Media (Pty) Ltd
| date = 8 February 2003
| url = http://www.dispatch.co.za/2003/02/08/features/GARDEN.HTM
| accessdate = 2006-11-20 }}</ref> The dark purple passion fruit (for example, in Kenya) is smaller than a [[lemon]], with a dry, wrinkled rind at maturity.
The purple varieties of the fruit reportedly have traces of [[cyanogenic]] [[glycoside]]s in the skin, and hence are mildly poisonous.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} However, the thick, hard skin is hardly edible, and if boiled (to make [[jam]]), the [[cyanide]] molecules are destroyed at high temperatures.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}
==Uses==
[[Image:Passionfruitjuice2.jpg|thumb|right|230px|A glass of passion fruit juice]]
*In Australia, it is available commercially fresh and canned. In addition to being added to fruit salads, passion fruit is commonly used in desserts, such as the topping for the [[Pavlova (food)|pavlova]] (a [[meringue]] cake), [[cheesecake]], and [[Mille-feuille|vanilla slice]]. It is also used to flavour soft drinks such as [[Passiona]] and [[squash (drink)|cordials]].
*In the Dominican Republic, it is used to make juice, jams, the chinola flavoured syrup is used on shaved ice and it is also eaten raw sprinkled with sugar.
*In Puerto Rico, where its called Parcha, it is widely believed to lower [[blood pressure]]. This is probably because it contains [[harmala alkaloids]] and is a mild [[RIMA]].{{Fact|date=June 2008}}
*In Brazil passion fruit mousse is a common dessert, and passion fruit seeds are routinely used to decorate the tops of certain cakes. Passion fruit juice is also very common.
*In [[Indonesia]] it is eaten straight as a fruit. Nevertheless, it is common to strain the passionfruit for its juice and cook it with sugar to make some sort of thick syrup. It is then mixed with water and ice to be drunk.
*In [[Hawaii]], where it is called lilikoi, it is normally eaten raw. Lilikoi flavoured syrup is a popular topping for [[shave ice]]. [[Ice cream]] and [[mochi]] are also flavoured with lilikoi, as well as many other desserts. Lilikoi fruits are not widely available in stores, so most of the fruit eaten comes from backyard gardens or wild groves.
*Passion fruit juice or syrup is an essential ingredient of some [[cocktail]]s, particularly the [[Hurricane (cocktail)|hurricane]] and the Peruvian maracuya sour.
*In [[South Africa]] passion fruit is used to flavor yogurt.
*In the United States it is used to flavor at least one [[Monster Energy]] drink.
==See also==
*[[Giant granadilla]]
*[[Sweet granadilla]]
*[[Granadilla]]
*[[Grenadilla]]
==References==
<references />
== External links ==
{{commons|Passiflora edulis}}
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/passionfruit.html Fruits of Warm Climates: Passionfruit]
* [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/passionfruit.html California Rare Fruit Growers: Passion Fruit Fruit Facts]
* [http://www.passiflora.org/ Passiflora Society International]
* [http://www.daleysfruit.com.au/fruit%20pages/passionfruit.htm Australian Passionfruit Varieties]
* [http://www.phytochemicals.info/passion-fruit.php Phytochemicals in Passion Fruit]
* [http://www.passionflow.co.uk/ Passiflora Online]
* [http://www.homelycapers.com/2008/how-to-grow-passionfruit/ How to Grow Passionfruit]
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/HealthSci/Passion_fruit_helps_asthma_patients/articleshow/3082446.cms Passion Fruit for curing Asthama and Hypertension]
<gallery>
Image:Purple passionfruit.jpg|Purple passion fruit, which in [[Colombia]] is called "gulupa", to distinguish it from the yellow maracuyá
Image:Passion fruit 700.jpg|Ripe purple passion fruit
Image:Maracuyá stand.jpg|Yellow passion fruits for sale
Image:Passiflora edulis dsc07776.jpg|Passion fruits on sale
Image:Passionfruit comparision.jpg|Yellow and purple passion fruits, side by side
Image:Passionfruitvine.jpg|Passion fruit still on the vine
</gallery>
[[Category:Fruit]]
[[Category:Passiflora]]
[[Category:Tropical agriculture]]
[[zh-min-nan:Se-hoan-liân]]
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[[el:Φρούτο του πάθους]]
[[es:Maracuyá]]
[[fr:Fruit de la passion]]
[[id:Markisa]]
[[he:פסיפלורה]]
[[it:Passiflora edulis]]
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[[ja:パッションフルーツ]]
[[pl:Marakuja]]
[[pt:Maracujá]]
[[ru:Маракуйя]]
[[fi:Passionhedelmä]]
[[zh:熱情果]]