Patriarch
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{{portal|Christianity}}
Originally a '''patriarch''' was a man who exercised [[Autocracy|autocratic]] authority as a [[pater familias]] over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called '''[[patriarchy]]'''. This is a [[Greek language|Greek]] word, a composition of ''{{polytonic|πατήρ}}'' (pater) meaning "father" and ''{{polytonic|ἄρχων}}'' ([[archon]]) meaning "leader", "chief", "ruler", "king", etc.
[[Abraham]], [[Isaac]], and [[Jacob]] are referred to as the '''three [[patriarchs (Bible)|patriarchs]]''' of the [[Israelite|people of Israel]], and the period in which they lived is called the [[Patriarchal Age]]. It originally acquired its religious meaning in the [[Septuagint]] version of the [[Bible]].<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Patriarch}}</ref>
The word has mainly taken on specific ecclesiastical meanings. In particular, the highest-ranking [[bishop]]s in [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], the [[Roman Catholic Church]] (above [[Major Archbishop]] and [[Primate (religion)|primate]]), and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]] are called '''patriarchs'''. The office and ecclesiastical conscription (comprising one or more provinces, though outside his own (arch)diocese he is often without enforceable jurisdiction) of such a patriarch is called a '''[[patriarchate]]'''. Historically, a Patriarch may often be the logical choice to act as [[Ethnarch]], representing the community that is identified with his religious confession within a state or empire of a different creed (as Christians within the [[Ottoman Empire]]).
==Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East==
*The [[List of Patriarchs of Babylon|Catholicos-Patriarch of Seleucia-Ctesiphon]], head of the [[Assyrian Church of the East]] in the Near East
==Patriarch of the Ancient Church of the East==
*The [[List of Patriarchs of Babylon|Catholicos-Patriarch of Seleucia-Ctesiphon]], head of the [[Ancient Church of the East]] in the Near East (separated from the [[Assyrian Church of the East]] in 1964)
==Patriarch of the Nasrani (Assyrian) Church of the East==
*The Catholicos of Jerusalem of the [[Church of the East & Abroad]]
==Patriarchs in Oriental Orthodox Churches==
[[Image:Pope Shenouda by MichaelSleman 01.jpg|thumb|HH Pope Shenouda III, 117th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa on the Apostolic Throne of St Mark]]
''see: [[Oriental Orthodoxy]]''
*The [[Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa]] and the head of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] in Egypt and All Africa and the Spiritual Leader of [[Oriental Orthodoxy]]
*The [[List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch|Patriarch of Antioch and All the East]] and the head of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch]] and [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Supreme Leader of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church]] in the Near East
** The [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church|Catholicos of India]] and the head of the [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] in India
* The [[List of Catholicoi of Armenia|Catholicos of Etchmiadzin, Armenia and of All Armenians]] and [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Supreme Patriarch of the Armenian Apostolic Church]] and the head of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]
** The [[Catholicos of Cilicia]] and head of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic Church of the House of Cilicia]] in Antelias, Lebanon and the Middle East
** The [[List of Armenian Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople for the Armenians]] in Turkey
** The [[List of Armenian Patriarchs of Jerusalem|Patriarch of Jerusalem and of Holy Zion for the Armenians]] in Israel, Palestine, Jordan and the Persian Gulf
*The [[Catholicos of the East]] and the head of the [[Indian Orthodox Church]] in India
*The [[List of Abunas of Ethiopia|Archbishop of Axum and Patriarch Catholicos of All Ethiopia]] and the head of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] in Ethiopia
*The [[List of Patriarchs of Eritrea|Archbishop of Asmara and Patriarch of All Eritrea]] and the head of the [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] in Eritrea
==Patriarchs of the Eastern Orthodox Churches==
[[Image:EcumenicalPatriarchBartholomewI.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinople and Ecumenical Patriarch.]]
''see: [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]''
*The [[List of Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarch]], head of the [[Orthodox Church of Constantinople]] and the Spiritual Leader of [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
*The [[List of Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria|Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa]] and the head of the [[Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] in All Africa
*The [[List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch|Patriarch of Antioch]] and the head of the [[Orthodox Church of Antioch|Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch and All the East]] in the Near East
*The [[Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem|Patriarch of Jerusalem]] and the head of the [[Orthodox Church of Jerusalem|Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem and Holy Zion]] in Israel, Palestine, Jordan and All Arabia
*The [[List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow|Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia]] and the head of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] in Russia
*The [[Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia]] and the head of the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] in Georgia
*The [[Patriarch of Serbia]] and the head of the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]] in Serbia (and the former Yugoslavia)
*The [[List of Patriarch of All Romania|Patriarch of All Romania]] and the head of the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]] in Romania
*The [[List of Patriarchs of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church|Patriarch of All Bulgaria]] and the head of the [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]] in Bulgaria
==Eastern Patriarchs out of the Orthodox Communion==
*[[Russian Old-Orthodox Church|Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia]] head of the [[Russian Old-Orthodox Church]]
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchate|Patriarch of Kiev]] head of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchate]]
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church|Patriarch of Kiev]] head of the [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]]
==Patriarchs of the Roman Catholic Church==
[[Image:Primatenoncardinal.png|thumb|150px|Catholic Patriarchal (non [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]]) coat of arms]]
''see: [[Roman Catholic Church]]''
As part of the [[Pentarchy]], the Pope's Patriarchate of Rome was the only one in the [[Western Roman empire]]. It was roughly coterminous with present territory of the [[Latin Rite]]. In the past popes have used the title ''Patriarch of the West''. However, this title was removed from a reference publication issued by the [[Roman Curia|Vatican]] in [[2006]].<ref>{{cite news| title=Vatican removes title 'patriarch of the West' after pope's name| last=Wooden| first=Cindy| date=[[2006-03-02]] | publisher=Catholic News Service|accessdate=2007-04-11}}</ref>
===Latin Rite Patriarchs===
*The [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]]
These titles are honorary and carry no actual Patriarchal authority:
**The [[Patriarch of the East Indies]] a titular patriarchal see, united to [[Archbishop of Goa and Daman|Goa and Daman]].
**The [[Patriarch of Lisbon]]
**The [[Patriarch of Venice]]
===Patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches===
[[Image:GregoryIII.gif|thumb|Patriarch [[Gregory III Laham]] of the [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]]]
''see: [[Patriarchs of the East]]''
*The [[List of Coptic Catholic Patriarchs of Alexandria|Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria]] and head of the [[Coptic Catholic Church]]
*The [[List of Syrian Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch|Syrian Catholic Patriarch of Antioch]] and the head of the [[Syrian Catholic Church]]
*The [[List of Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch|Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch]] and the head of the [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]; united to it are two now titular patriarchal sees, both in Middle Eastern Pentarchy cities:
** [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Melkite Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria]] (in Egypt)
** [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Melkite Catholic Patriarchs of Jerusalem]] (in Palestine/Israel)
*The [[List of Maronite Patriarchs|Maronite Patriarch of Antioch]], head of the [[Maronite Church]]
*The [[List of Chaldean Catholic Patriarchs of Babylon|Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Babylon]] and the head of the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]
*The [[List of Armenian Catholic Patriarchs of Cilicia|Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia]] and the head of the [[Armenian Catholic Church]]
===Historical Patriarchs in the Roman Catholic Church===
*The [[Latin Patriarch of Antioch]]
*The [[Latin Patriarch of Alexandria]]
*The [[List of Bishops and Patriarchs of Aquileia|Patriarch of Aquileia]]
*The Latin [[Patriarchate of Carthage|Patriarch of Carthage]]
*The [[Latin Patriarch of Constantinople]]
*The [[Patriarch of Grado]]
*The [[Patriarch of the West Indies]] a titular patriarchal see, vacant since 1963
==Other Catholic Patriarchs==
*The Patriarch of the [[Catholic Apostolic National Church of Brazil]]
==Mormonism==
According to [[Mormonism]], a [[Patriarch (Mormonism)|patriarch]] is one who has been ordained to the office of Patriarch in the [[Melchizedek Priesthood]]. The term is considered synonymous with the term [[Evangelist (Latter Day Saints)|evangelist]]. One of the patriarch's primary responsibilities is to give [[Patriarchal blessing]]s, as Jacob did to his twelve sons in the Old Testament. In the main branch of Mormonism, [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], Patriarchs are typically assigned in each [[Stake (Mormonism)|stake]] and hold the title for life.
==See also==
* [[List of current patriarchs|List of current Popes and Patriarchs]]
* [[Lists of Patriarchs]]
* [[Patriarchate]]
* [[Patriarchy]]
* [[Matriarchy]]
* [[List of Bishops and Archbishops]]
* [[Major archbishop]]
* [http://www.biblenovels.com/ Patriarch the Book by Colin Piper]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
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