Patriarchate
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A '''patriarchate''' is the [[office]] or [[Jurisdiction#Executive jurisdiction|jurisdiction]] of a [[patriarch]]. A patriarch, as the term is used here, is either
* one of the highest-ranking [[bishop]]s in [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], the original five of [[Constantinople]], [[Alexandria]], [[Antioch]], [[Rome]] and [[Jerusalem]], but now nine, including patriarchs of [[Serbia]], [[Russia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[Romania]]; or
* one of the eleven highest-ranking bishops of [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]]: the [[Pope]], the six "[[patriarchs of the east]]", and the [[Patriarch of Lisbon|bishops of Lisbon]], [[Patriarch of Venice|Venice]], [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], and the [[Patriarch of the East Indies|East Indies]]; or
* one of the specific patriarchs of the various [[Oriental Orthodoxy|Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Nestorian Church|Nestorian]] churches.
The original [[Pentarchy|five patriarchs]] sat in [[Pope|Rome]], [[Patriarch of Constantinople|Constantinople]] (now called [[Istanbul]] for secular purposes, but still called [[Constantinople]] in this ecclesiastical context), [[Patriarch of Alexandria|Alexandria]], [[Patriarch of Antioch|Antioch]], and [[Patriarch of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]. In the [[East-West Schism]] of 1054, the one Latin-speaking patriarchate (Rome) and the four Greek-speaking patriarchates split, forming the hierarchies of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches respectively. The [[Patriarch of Antioch]] moved to [[Damascus]] in the [[13th century]], during the reign of the [[Egypt]]ian [[Mamluk|Mamelukes]], conquerors of [[Syria]]. In Damascus a Christian community had flourished since [[Apostolic Age|apostolic]] times ([[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]] 9). However, the patriarchate is still called the Patriarch of Antioch.
The four orthodox patriarchates of the East, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, along with their counterpart in the West, Rome, are distinguished as "senior" ([[Greek_language|Greek]]: πρεσβυγενή, ''presbygenē''), having had one of the [[Twelve Apostles|Apostles]] or [[Four_Evangelists|Evangelists]] as their first bishop: [[Saint Andrew|Andrew]], [[Mark the Evangelist|Mark]], [[Saint_Peter|Peter]], [[James the Just|James]], and [[Saint_Peter|Peter]] again, respectively.
A patriarchate has [[Juristic person|"legal personality"]] in some legal [[Jurisdiction#Power of a court of law|jurisdictions]], that means it is treated as a [[corporation]]. For example, the [[Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem|Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem]] filed a lawsuit in [[New York]], decided in [[1999]], against [[Christie's|Christie's Auction House]], disputing the ownership of the [[Archimedes Palimpsest]].
The head of the [[Czechoslovak Hussite Church]] is also called a Patriarch.
==See also==
* [[Apostolic See]]
* [[Bishop]]
* [[Episcopal See]]
* [[Holy See]]
==External links==
*{{CathEncy|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11549a.htm|title=Patriarch and Patriarchate}}
[[Category:Christian religious leaders]]
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