Patrick Manning
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{{Otherpeople|Patrick Manning}}
{{Cleanup|date=January 2007}}
{{POV|date=December 2007}}
{{Infobox Prime Minister
| image = Patrick Manning 2.jpg
| name = Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning
| order = [[Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago]]
| president = [[A. N. R. Robinson|Arthur Robinson]]<br>[[George Maxwell Richards]]
| term_start = [[24 December]] [[2001]]
| predecessor = [[Basdeo Panday]]
| president2 = [[Noor Hassanali]]
| term_start2 = [[17 December]] [[1991]]
| term_end2 = [[09 November]] [[1995]]
| predecessor2 = [[A. N. R. Robinson|Arthur Robinson]]
| successor2 = [[Basdeo Panday]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|08|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
| religion = [[Anglican]]
| spouse = [[Hazel Manning]]
| party = [[People's National Movement|PNM]]
}}
'''Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning''' (born [[August 17]], [[1946]]) is the [[2005|current]] [[Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago|Prime Minister]] and Minister of Finance of [[Trinidad and Tobago]] and Political Leader of the [[People's National Movement]] (PNM). He served as Prime Minister between [[17 December]] [[1991]] to [[9 November]] [[1995]] and since [[24 December]] [[2001]], as [[Opposition (parliamentary)|Leader of the Opposition]] from [[1986]] to [[1990]] and from [[1995]] to 2001. He has been the Political Leader of the PNM since [[1987]]. A [[geology|geologist]] by training, Manning has served as [[Member of Parliament]] for the [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]] East [[constituency]] since [[1971]] and is currently the longest-serving member of the [[House of Representatives of Trinidad and Tobago|House of Representatives]].<ref name="nalis">[http://www.nalis.gov.tt/govbios/PatrickManning.htm Biographical Summary of the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago], from NALIS, the National Library and Information Service of Trinidad and Tobago</ref>
Manning received his secondary education at [[Presentation College]], [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]] [[Bachelor's Degree]] from the [[University of the West Indies]] in [[Mona, Jamaica|Mona]], [[Jamaica]] in [[1969]]. After graduation he returned to Trinidad where he worked as a geologist for [[Texaco]]. He entered [[Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago|Parliament]] in 1971 representing the San Fernando East constituency.<ref name="nalis"/>
== Life ==
=== Early career ===
After graduating from the University of the West Indies, Manning worked as a geologist with [[Texaco]] Trinidad Ltd., until he ran for Parliament in 1971. Between 1971 and [[1978]] he served as Parliamentary Secretary in various Ministries before being appointed junior Minister in the Ministry of Finance. In [[1979]] he was given the additional position of junior Minister in the Office of the Prime Minister. In [[1981]] he was given a full Cabinet position of Minister of Information and Minister of Industry and Commerce. Between 1981 and 1986 he served as Minister of Energy and Natural Resources.<ref name="nalis"/>
The 1986 [[Elections in Trinidad and Tobago#1986 General Elections|General Elections]] the ruling PNM suffered an almost total defeat. Only three candidates won their seats; the Prime Minister, [[George Chambers]] was among the losing candidates. As one of the three successful PNM candidates, Manning was appointed Leader of the Opposition. In 1987 he was elected Political Leader of the PNM. A split in the ruling [[National Alliance for Reconstruction]] in [[1988]] left the PNM as the minority [[Parliamentary Opposition|Opposition]] party, and in 1990 [[Basdeo Panday]] requested that he be appointed Leader of the Opposition.<ref name="Meighoo">{{cite book | author=[[Kirk Meighoo|Meighoo, Kirk]] | title=Politics in a Half Made Society: Trinidad and Tobago, 1925-2002 | publisher=Ian Randle Publishers, Kingston, Jamaica | year=2003 |id=ISBN 976-637-079-6}}</ref>.
=== Second term as Prime Minister ===
In [[1995]] Mr. Manning called a [[Elections in Trinidad and Tobago#1995 General Elections|General Election]] one full year before it was constitutionally due. The PNM was defeated in this election, and Basdeo Panday replaced Manning as Prime Minister. Mr. Manning served as Leader of the Opposition once again, also losing the [[Elections in Trinidad and Tobago#2000 General Elections|2000 elections]]. The [[Elections in Trinidad and Tobago#2001 General Elections|2001 elections]] ended in a tie, with both the Opposition PNM and the governing [[United National Congress]] winning 18 seats. A. N. R. Robinson appointed Manning Prime Minister. Unable to elect a Speaker of the [[House of Representatives of Trinidad and Tobago|House of Representatives]], Manning proceeded to rule without Parliament until the need to pass a Budget forced him to call elections in October [[2002]]. His party won this election with 20 seats to 16 for the UNC and formed the new government.
Under the current PNM administration [[income tax]]es have been substantially reduced and Corporation Tax has been reduced from 35% to 25% of profits for most companies. The Government has also re-instituted free [[university]] education and founded a new University of Trinidad & Tobago. The economy is currently booming, primarily due to high natural gas and oil prices and to significant increases in natural gas production. Unemployment is currently at historic low levels, with many jobs being created in the construction industry. However, violent crimes such as murders, rapes and kidnappings, rose sharply between 2002 and 2006, leading to widespread public dissatisfaction with the Government's ability to address crime. Over the past year the murder and reported kidnapping rates have declined, though are still at high-levels by international standards. There are also two members of his political party, that are sitting Members of Parliament, who are currently on corruption charges, and a senior member of his Cabinet who is being investigated by the [[Integrity Commission]] for alleged corruption.
In September 2007, he received an honorary doctorate from [[Medgar Evers College]], [[CUNY]].
===Third term as Prime Minister===
In 2007, Manning called for a [[Trinidad and Tobago general election, 2007|general election]] to be held on [[November 4]]. The PNM won this election with 26 of the 41 seats and Manning began his third term as Prime Minister.
==References==
<references/>
==See also==
*[[List of national leaders]]
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{{Succession box
| before = [[Basdeo Panday]]
| title = [[Opposition (parliamentary)|Leader of the Opposition]] of Trinidad and Tobago
| years = [[1986]] – [[1989]]
| after = [[Basdeo Panday]]
}}
{{Succession box
| before = [[Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson]]
| title = [[List of Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago|Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago]]
| years = [[1991]] – [[1995]]
| after = [[Basdeo Panday]]
}}
{{Succession box
| before = [[Basdeo Panday]]
| title = Leader of the Opposition of Trinidad and Tobago
| years = [[1995]] – [[2001]]
| after = [[Basdeo Panday]]
}}
{{Incumbent succession box
| before = [[Basdeo Panday]]
| title = [[List of Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago|Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago]]
| start = [[2001]]
}}
{{end box}}
{{TandTPMs}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manning, Patrick}}
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago|Manning, Patrick]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives of Trinidad and Tobago|Manning, Patrick]]
[[Category:Trinidad and Tobago politicians|Manning, Patrick]]
[[Category:Current national leaders|Manning, Patrick]]
[[Category:University of the West Indies alumni|Manning, Patrick]]
[[Category:1946 births|Manning, Patrick]]
[[Category:Living people|Manning, Patrick]]
[[Category:Trinidad and Tobago Anglicans]]
[[de:Patrick Manning]]
[[el:Πάτρικ Μάνινγκ]]
[[gl:Patrick Manning]]
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[[ru:Маннинг, Патрик Огастус Мервин]]
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[[zh:帕特里克·曼宁]]