Paul D. MacLean 1271197 184389502 2008-01-15T01:41:45Z Canadian Paul 174430 Clean up per WP:DATE '''Paul D. MacLean''' ([[May 1]], [[1913]] &ndash; [[December 26]], [[2007]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[physician]] and [[neuroscientist]] who made significant contributions in the fields of [[physiology]], [[psychiatry]], and [[brain]] research through his work at [[Yale Medical School]] and the [[National Institute of Mental Health]]. MacLean's evolutionary [[triune brain]] theory proposed that the human brain was in reality three brains in one: the [[reptilian complex]], the [[limbic system]], and the [[neocortex]]. ==Biography== Paul D. Maclean was born in [[Phelps (town), New York|Phelps]], [[New York]], the third of four sons of a [[Presbyterian]] minister. He received his [[bachelor's degree]] in [[English studies|English]] from [[Yale University]] in 1935 and intended to study [[philosophy]] in [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]], but after a family illness, spent a year completing pre-medical work in Edinburgh instead. MacLean received his medical degree from Yale in 1940. During [[World War II]], MacLean served as a medical officer in the United States Army from 1942 to 1946. During his service with Yale's 39th General Hospital Brigade in [[New Zealand]], MacLean worked together with Dr. Averill Liebow to show that the [[diphtheria]] bacillus was a cause of tropical [[ulcer]]s, paving the way for successful [[prophylaxis]] and treatment. After leaving the Army in 1946, MacLean practiced medicine in [[Seattle]], and held a clinical appointment at the [[University of Washington]] Medical School. From 1947 to 1949, MacLean was a [[United States Public Health Service]] Fellow at [[Harvard Medical School]]/[[Massachusetts General Hospital]], studying with Dr. [[Stanley Cobb]]. During this time, MacLean did research on psychomotor [[epilepsy]], and published his paper on the "visceral brain", for which he introduced the term "[[limbic system]]" in 1952). In 1949, MacLean joined the faculty of the [[Yale Medical School]] with a joint appointment in physiology and psychiatry. During his time at Yale, he also studied the brain mechanisms of [[emotion]] with Dr. [[John Fulton]]. It was during this period that MacLean began to define his theory of the [[triune brain]] which would become the foundation of his research throughout his career. In 1956, MacLean became Associate Professor of physiology. He spent a year on a [[National Science Foundation]] Senior Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Institute of Physiology in [[Zurich]], [[Switzerland]]. In 1957, MacLean went to the [[National Institutes of Health]] as the head of a new section on the limbic system in the Laboratory of Neurophysiology, [[National Institute of Mental Health]] (NIMH). MacLean received the Distinguished Research Award of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease in 1964, and in 1966 gave the Thomas William Salmon Lectures at the [[New York Academy of Medicine]]. MacLean also received the G. Burroughs Mider Lectureship Award from the NIH in 1972. In 1971 MacLean became the Chief of the Laboratory of Brain Evolution and Behavior, NIMH, newly opened in [[Poolesville, Maryland]]. MacLean was chief of the Laboratory of Brain Evolution and Behavior from 1971 to 1985. The laboratory was designed for comparative neurobehavioral research on animals in semi-natural conditions. MacLean retired with the NIH honor of Senior Research Scientist, [[Emeritus]] in the Department of Neurophysiology at NIMH. Correspondence, photographs, research materials, reports, writings, and audiovisual materials (1936; 1944-1993) held by the [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/manuscripts/ead/maclean534.html National Library of Medicine] document the official portion of MacLean's career in brain and behavioral research. He died in [[Potomac, Maryland]] in December of 2007. == Source == *[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/manuscripts/ead/maclean534.html National Library of Medicine] ==Further reading== *{{Citation | last=Lambert | first=Kelly G. | author-link= | publication-date= | date= | year=2003 | title=The life and career of Paul MacLean: A journey toward neurobiological and social harmony | periodical=Physiology and Behavior | series= | publication-place= | place= | publisher=Elsevier | volume=79 | issue=3 | pages=343-349 | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00319384 | issn=0031-9384 | doi=10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00147-1 | oclc= | accessdate= }} *{{Citation | last=MacLean | first=Paul D. | author-link=Paul D. MacLean | date=1998 | publication-date=1996 | contribution=Paul D. MacLean | editor-last=Squire | editor-first=Larry R. | editor-link= | title=The history of neuroscience in autobiography | publication-place=Bethesda, Md | publisher=Society for Neuroscience | volume=2 | pages=242-275 | isbn =0126603022 | doi= | oclc=36433905 | url= }}<br/> {{DEFAULTSORT:Maclean, Paul}} [[Category:1913 births]] [[Category:2007 deaths]] [[Category:Neurobiologists]] [[Category:American physiologists]] [[Category:American neuroscientists]] [[de:Paul D. MacLean]] [[fr:Paul D. MacLean]]