Permanent makeup
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225671008
2008-07-14T20:48:34Z
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'''Permanent makeup''' is a [[Beauty|cosmetic]] technique which employs [[tattoo]]s (permanent pigmentation of the dermis) as a means of producing designs that resemble [[makeup]], such as eyelining and other permanent enhancing colors to the [[skin]] of the [[face]], [[lip]]s, and [[eyelid]]s. It is also used to produce artificial [[eyebrow]]s, particularly in people who have lost it as a consequence of old age, disease, such as [[alopecia]], [[chemotherapy]], or a [[Genetics|genetic]] disturbance, and to disguise [[scar]]s and white spots in the skin such as in [[vitiligo]]. It is also used to restore or enhance the breast's [[areola]], such as after breast surgery.
Most commonly called '''permanent cosmetics''', other names include '''dermapigmentation''', '''micropigmentation''', and '''cosmetic tattooing'''<ref>[http://www.spcp.org/vision2006.pdf Industry Profile Study: Vision 2006]</ref> (the latter being most appropriate since permanent makeup is, in fact, tattooing.) In the [[United States]] and other countries, the [[ink]]s used in permanent makeup and the [[pigment]]s in these inks are subject to [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] or similar agency regulation as cosmetics and color additives. [[Image:CompositebyMG.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Permanent Makeup - Before, immediately after and healed for Brow, Eyeliner and Lip procedures]]
==Regulations/Oversight==
Permanent makeup regulations vary from country to country: sometimes by state, province, county or even city to city. For instance, in the US, while in most areas it falls under the cognizance of the Department of Health, State Boards of Cosmetology are often the oversight agency. In fact, in some areas a cosmetology or esthetics license is required, while in other areas, cosmetologists are prohibited from conducting these procedures. Exclusive to Australia, practitioners are prohibited from advertising the procedures as "permanent" since it is their opinion that the "…benefits of cosmetic tattooing are not permanent and will generally only last three to five years."<ref>[http://www.accc.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/87634/fromItemId/622047 Cosmetic web advertising to change after ACCC action]</ref> This position is not consistent with the fact that permanent makeup is tattooing and tattooing is a permanent process.<ref>[http://www.spcp.org/semi_permanent_makeup_position.htm Position on Semi-Permanent Makeup, Society of Permanent Cosmetic Professionals]</ref>
==History==
Permanent makeup dates back at least to the start of the 20th century, though its nature was often concealed in its early days. The tattooist [[George Burchett]], a major developer of the technique when it become fashionable in the 1930s, described in his memoirs how beauty salons tattooed many women without their knowledge, offering it as a "complexion treatment ... of injecting vegetable dyes under the top layer of the skin."<ref>[http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/journals/nwsa/nws12-2.html Revolting Bodies: The Monster Beauty of Tattooed Women], Christine Braunberger, NWSA Journal Volume 12, Number 2</ref>
==Results==
{{Unreferencedsection|date=January 2008}}
Results are usually good, and often mimic topically applied cosmetics, such as in complete alopecia of the eyebrows. The skill and the experience of the tattoo artist are fundamental. Before committing to permanent makeup, particularly if for convenience only, clients should be aware of the potential problems of later removal and complications that may ensue. As with tattooing, permanent makeup may take several sessions and may present some minor discomfort. (Although many technicians will use a topical anesthetic to help reduce any discomfort.) Result appear "harsh" just after application, but become somewhat more natural (as natural as makeup can be) after a few weeks.
Permanent makeup can be useful for women who wish to wear makeup, but cannot apply it easily because they have allergic reactions to makeup materials, have vision deficits, [[tremor]]s or restrictions of precise movements of the fingers and hands (such as in [[arthritis]], [[stroke]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[multiple sclerosis]], or other conditions). Permanent makeup may also be used to camouflage scarring on the face or other parts of the body.
The pigmentation of permanent makeup may fade over time, particularly under the effects of sunlight or when using colors like light brown tones for eyebrows. It usually lasts for a decade or more before fading significantly. Touching up the tattoos may be required to restore the original color as early as two years after the original procedure. Many procedures last a lifetime with little to no intervention.
== Removal ==
{{see also|Tattoo#Tattoo removal|l1=Tattoo removal}}
As with tattoos, permanent makeup can be difficult to remove. Common techniques used for this are [[laser resurfacing]], [[dermabrasion]] (physical or chemical [[exfoliation]]), and surgical removal. Camouflaging-- adding a new pigment which counteracts the tattoo color and attempts to emulate normal skin color is considered a poor choice by professionals. Removal is often even more painful and laborious than the tattooing itself.
== Adverse Effects and Complications ==
{{see also|Tattoo#Health risks|l1=Tattoo health risks}}
As with tattoos, permanent makeup may have [[complication (medicine)|complications]], such as [[allergy|allergies]] to the pigments, formation of [[scar]]s, [[granuloma]]s and [[keloid]]s, skin cracking, peeling, [[blister]]ing and local [[infection]]. The use of unsterilized tattooing instruments may infect the patient with serious diseases such as [[HIV]] and [[hepatitis]]. Removal problems may also ensue, due to patient dissatisfaction or regret, and they may be particularly difficult to remove in places such as eyelids and lips without leaving permanent [[sequela]]e.
On very rare occasion, people with permanent makeup have [[Tattoo#Tattoo Inks|reported]] [[swelling]] or [[burning]] in the affected areas when they underwent [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI).
==Examples==
[[Image:BrowlinerbyMG.jpg|thumb|right|Eyebrow & Top Eyeliner Procedure]]
This client had her eyebrows and top eyeliner permanently tattooed. The eyebrow tattooing is an example of a "powdery filled" technique as opposed to individual hairline strokes since the client already has eyebrow hair but simply wanted an enhancement and shaping. The top eyeliner represents a thin eyeliner tattoo and a "lash enhancement" procedure that is used to define the eye without making it look excessively made up.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.spcp.org Society of Permanent Cosmetic Professionals ]
* [http://beauty.about.com/cs/permanentmakeup/a/Perm_Makeup.htm Permanent Makeup] About.com
* [http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/cos-204.html FDA Tattoos and Permanent Makeup]
* [http://www.lemormpi.com/ LeMor Permanent Cosmetics]
* [http://www.fda.gov/womens/getthefacts/Spanish/pdfs/Tattoos-spanish.pdf FDA Office of Women's Health - Tattoos and Permanent Makeup]
* [http://www.fda.gov/consumer/features/tattoos120607.html FDA Think Before You Ink - Are Tattoos Safe?]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/cosmetictattooist Newly Created Google Group for Cosmetic Tattoo Professionals]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Cosmetics]]
[[Category:Tattooing]]
[[Category:Plastic surgery]]
[[hu:Sminktetoválás]]
[[nl:Permanente make-up]]