Peter Safar
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2008-06-13T18:52:27Z
Chris the speller
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{{Infobox Scientist
|name = Peter Safar
|box_width =
|image =Replace_this_image_male.svg
|image_width =150px
|caption = Peter Safar
|birth_date = [[April 12]], [[1924]]
|birth_place = [[Vienna]]
|death_date = [[August 2]], [[2003]]
|death_place = [[Mount Lebanon, Pennsylvania|Mount Lebanon]], [[Pennsylvania]]
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = [[Austria]]n
|ethnicity =
|field = [[Medicine]]
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater = [[University of Vienna]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes =
|religion =
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}
'''Peter Safar''' ([[April 12]], [[1924]] – [[August 2]], [[2003]]) was an [[Austria]]n physician of [[Czech people|Czech]] descent. He is credited with pioneering [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation]].
== Early life ==
Safar was born in in [[Vienna]], and graduated from the [[University of Vienna]] in 1948. He married Eva Kyzivat and moved from Vienna to [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]] in 1949 for surgical training at [[Yale University]]. He completed training in [[anesthesiology]] at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in 1952. That same year, he worked in [[Lima, Peru|Lima]], [[Peru]] and founded that country's first academic anesthesiology department. In 1954, he became Chief of Anesthesiology at [[Baltimore City Hospital]].
== CPR ==
Together with [[James Elam]], he rediscovered the airway, head tilt, chin lift (Step A) and the mouth-to-mouth breathing (Step B) components of [[CPR]] and influenced [[Norway|Norwegian]] doll maker Asmund Laerdal of [[Laerdal]] company to design and manufacture [[mannequin]]s for CPR training called ''Resusci Anne''. Safar, who began to work on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in [[1956]] demonstrated in a series of experiments on [[paralyzed]] human volunteers that rescuer exhaled air [[mouth-to-mouth]] breathing could maintain satisfactory oxygen levels in the non-breathing victim, and showed that even lay people could effectively perform mouth-to-mouth breathing to save lives. He combined the A (Airway) and the B (Breathing) of CPR with the C (chest compressions), and wrote the book ''[[ABC of Resuscitation]]'' in [[1957]], which established the basis for mass training of CPR. This A-B-C system for CPR training of the public was later adopted by the [[American Heart Association]], which promulgated standards for CPR in [1973].
== Other Achievements ==
Other achievements included the establishment of the [[United States]]' first [[intensive care unit]] in [[1958]]. In 1961, he went to the [[University of Pittsburgh]], where he established its notable academic anesthesiology department and the world's first intensive care medicine training program. In 1966, he was deeply moved by the death of his daughter, Elizabeth, at the age of 11 from an acute [[asthma]]tic crisis. He initiated the Freedom House Enterprise Ambulance Service, one of the first prehospital emergency medical services in the United States in [[1967]] and developed standards for [[emergency medical technician]] (EMT) education and training, as well as standards for mobile intensive care ambulance design and equipment. He co-founded the [[World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine]] in [[1976]], which is dedicated to saving lives in major disasters. He stepped down from the chairmanship of anesthesiology at the University of Pittsburgh and founded the International Resuscitation Research Center (now the [http://www.safar.pitt.edu/ University of Pittsburgh Safar Center for Resuscitation Research]) in [[1979]]. He practiced and taught clinical anesthesiology at [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center#UPMC Presbyterian|Presbyterian University Hospital]] in Pittsburgh until the age of 65, but continued his research activities until his death. His lifelong goal was to "save the hearts and brains of those too young to die."
He was nominated three times for the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel prize in medicine]].
Safar died in [[Mount Lebanon, Pennsylvania|Mount Lebanon]], [[Pennsylvania]].
== See also ==
* [[Mechanical ventilation]]
==References==
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:17262769
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17262769
|last=Acierno
|first=Louis J
|last2=Worrell
|first2=L Timothy
|publication-date=2007 Jan
|year=[[2007]]
|title=Peter Safar: father of modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
|volume=30
|issue=1
|periodical=Clinical cardiology
|pages=52–4
|doi = 10.1002/clc.20042
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:15898486
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898486
|last=Gunn
|first=S W A
|publication-date=
|year=
|title=The humanitarian imperative in disaster management--a memorial tribute to Professor Peter Safar.
|volume=20
|issue=2
|periodical=Prehospital and disaster medicine : the official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine in association with the Acute Care Foundation
|pages=89–92
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:15043226
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15043226
|last=Weil
|first=Max Harry
|last2=Shoemaker
|first2=William C
|publication-date=2004 Feb
|year=[[2004]]
|title=Pioneering contributions of Peter Safar to intensive care and the founding of the Society of Critical Care Medicine.
|volume=32
|issue=2 Suppl
|periodical=Crit. Care Med.
|pages=S8-10
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:15008320
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15008320
|last=Behringer
|first=Wilhelm
|publication-date=2004 Feb 16
|year=[[2004]]
|title=[Peter Safar--"father of resuscitation"]
|volume=116
|issue=3
|periodical=Wien. Klin. Wochenschr.
|pages=102–6
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:14691793
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14691793
|last=Mosesso
|first=Vincent N
|last2=Paris
|first2=Paul M
|publication-date=
|year=
|title=A tribute to Peter Safar, MD: Physician, researcher, mentor, visionary, humanist.
|volume=8
|issue=1
|periodical=Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors
|pages=76–9
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:14676499
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14676499
|last=Martens
|first=Patrick
|last2=Mullie
|first2=Arsene
|publication-date=2003 Dec
|year=[[2003]]
|title=(Some of the) lessons learned from Peter Safar.
|volume=10
|issue=4
|periodical=European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine
|pages=257
|doi = 10.1097/01.mej.0000106008.50530.93
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:14600663
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14600663
|last=Crippen
|first=David
|publication-date=2003 Aug 20
|year=[[2003]]
|title=A eulogy: personal reflections on Dr. Peter Safar.
|volume=5
|issue=3
|periodical=MedGenMed : Medscape general medicine
|pages=27
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:14583698
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14583698
|last=Stoy
|first=Walt
|last2=Grandey
|first2=Jack T
|publication-date=2003 Oct
|year=[[2003]]
|title=Teacher, clinician ... friend. Tributes to Peter Safar.
|volume=28
|issue=10
|periodical=JEMS : a journal of emergency medical services
|pages=20–4
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:12972888
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12972888
|id = [[PMID]]:12972892
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12972892
|last=Delooz
|first=H
|publication-date=2003 Sep
|year=[[2003]]
|title=International emergency medicine: the vision of a pioneer, Prof. Dr Peter Safar, on emergency medical care.
|volume=10
|issue=3
|periodical=European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine
|pages=163
|doi = 10.1097/01.mej.0000091882.98280.37
}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.post-gazette.com/lifestyle/20020331safar0331fnp2.asp Dr. Peter Safar: A life devoted to cheating death]
* [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=194106 Peter Josef Safar]
* [http://www.safar.pitt.edu/content/news/2003/images/Mitka-JAMA%202003.pdf Safar article in JAMA]
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[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:American physicians]]
[[Category:Austrian physicians]]
[[Category:People from Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania]]
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