Petržalka
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216038997
2008-05-30T20:22:12Z
DumZiBoT
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{{Geobox | settlement
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| name = Petržalka
| native_name =
| other_name =
| category = Borough
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| image = Ato chorvatske rameno.jpg
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| flag =
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| country = Slovakia
| country_flag = 1
| state =
| region = [[Bratislava Region|Bratislava]]
| district = Bratislava V
| municipality =
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| part =
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| location =
| elevation = 126
| lat_d = 48
| lat_m = 08
| lat_s = 00
| lat_NS = N
| long_d = 17
| long_m = 07
| long_s = 00
| long_EW = E
| coordinates_type = region:SK_type:city
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| area = 28.7
| area_round = 1
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| population = 114862
| population_density = auto
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| established =
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| mayor =
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| timezone =
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| postal_code = 85XXX
| area_code = +421-02
| code = BA
| code_type = [[Slovak car registration plates|Car plate]]
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| free =
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| map = Slovakia - outline map.svg
| map_background = Slovakia - background map.png
| map_caption = Location of Petržalka in Slovakia
| map_locator = Slovakia
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| website =
| commons = Petržalka
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}}
'''Petržalka''' ({{lang-hu|(Pozsony)ligetfalu}}, {{lang-de|Engerau}}) is the largest borough of [[Bratislava]], the capital of [[Slovakia]]. Situated on the right bank of the river [[Danube]], it is home to approximately 115,000 people.
==History==
Historical records of Petržalka exist from 1225 . The settlement was originally inhabited by [[Pecheneg]] mercenaries on guard duty. Later, it became a recreation area famous for its gardens. In [[1866]], Petržalka had only 594 inhabitants and 103 houses.
* 1891 – Petržalka becomes permanently connected with [[Bratislava]] when the first railway bridge, 460 meters long, is built. Before this date only wooden bridges existed, but they were often damaged by [[frost]] and [[flood]]s.
* 1910 – Of its 2947 inhabitants, 1997 speak [[German language|German]], 495 [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], and 318 [[Slovak language|Slovak]] as their native language.
* 1919 - Petržalka is annexed by the [[Czechoslovak Legions]] on August 14.
* 1920s - Petržalka is the largest village in [[History of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)|Czechoslovakia]].<ref>[http://www.bratislavskenoviny.sk/11663/kultura/zaujimavosti-o-mestskej-casti-petrzalka Interesting facts about Petržalka (''Zaujímavosti o mestskej časti Petržalka'')]</ref>
* 1938–1945 – Petržalka is annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] on 10 October 1938 on the basis of the [[Munich agreement]]. It is renamed ''Engerau'', and the [[Starý most (Bratislava)|Starý most]] bridge becomes a border bridge between the [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|First Slovak Republic]] and Nazi Germany. Several thousand inhabitants of Slovak, Czech, and Hungarian ethnicity have to stay in Petržalka. They are considered citizens of Nazi Germany but are persecuted. The occupiers close down all Slovak schools, and the German language replaces Slovak. Non-Germans are not allowed to participate in public life, and the [[Gestapo]] arrest citizens who promote ideas opposing Nazism, including those active before the occupation.<ref>[http://mozaika.sme.sk/c/3538465/Okupacia-Petrzalky-hitlerovskym-Nemeckom-10101938-341945.html Occupation of Petržalka by the Nazi Germany (''Okupácia Petržalky hitlerovským Nemeckom (10.10.1938 - 3.4.1945)'')]. Jaroslav Gustafik at [[SME (newspaper)|SME.sk]].</ref>
* November 1944 – March 1945 – Petržalka (''Engerau'') is the site of a labour camp for Hungarian Jews, who were deployed at the construction of the [[Südostwall]]. Out of 2000 prisoners, at least 497 die from inhuman treatment and during the [[Death marches (Holocaust)|death march]] to [[Bad Deutsch-Altenburg]]. <!--DOES NOT BELONG IN TIMELINE After the war, 21 people were charged before [[People's courts (Austria)|Austrian people's courts]] in connection with these crimes. Nine were condemned to death, others received sentences between 10 years and life. --><ref>[http://www.slovak-jewish-heritage.org/database.php?LangID=1&MonumentID=144&form_TypeID=6&form_RegionID=0&form_LocationID=0 slovak-jewish-heritage.org: Petržalka Holocaust Memorial]</ref><ref>[http://www.nachkriegsjustiz.at/ns_verbrechen/juden/Kuretsidis_Diss.php nachkriegsjustiz.at: Vorstellung der Dissertation von Claudia Kuretsidis-Haider (in German)]</ref><ref>[http://www.doew.at/information/mitarbeiter/beitraege/kurets1.html Engerau-Prozesse (review article, in German)]</ref>
*1945 – Petržalka is, along with the rest of Bratislava, liberated on April 4. It is returned to [[History of Czechoslovakia (1945–1948)|Czechoslovakia]] after [[World War II]].
*1945 – On 5 May, 90% of the [[Hungarian]] population of Bratislava is forced into [[internment camps]] in Petržalka. Murders of Hungarians are also reported.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = |url=http://politika.transindex.ro/?cikk=6092| title = Transindex | date = no date | accessdate = 23 March | accessyear = 2008 | language = Hungarian}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dunabogdany.hu/hirado/2007aprilis/emlekezzunk.html Dunabogdány honlapja<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* 1946 – Petržalka officially becomes a part of Bratislava on 13 February.
* 1977 – Construction of the housing blocks known as "[[panelák]]" begins.
* 2001 – Of its 117,227 inhabitants, 108,600 are [[Slovak people|Slovak]], 4259 [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]], 1788 [[Czech people|Czech]], and 219 [[German people|German]].
* 2003 – [[Pope John Paul II]] visits Petržalka and celebrates a [[Church service|Sunday Liturgy]].
* 2005 – [[Daniel Tupý]] is stabbed to death on the [[Tyršovo embankment]].<ref name="memo" /><ref name="memo2" /> His death provokes a nationwide uproar, mass marches, and protests against the various extremists groups in Slovakia.<ref name="memo" /><ref>[http://www.sme.sk/c/3568233/Tupy-Legislativa-chrani-skor-pachatelov.html Tupý: Legislatíva chráni skôr páchateľov], SME.sk, November 3, 2007</ref> (There is now a memorial<ref name="memo">[http://www.talaljuk-ki.hu/index.php/article/articleview/820/1/71/ Szlovák emlékművet avatnak a szélsőségek áldozatainak], Találjuk ki Közép-Európát?, 2005 ([[Hungarian language|Hungarian]])</ref><ref name="memo2">[http://www.spectator.sk/articles/view/25265/9/ Culture shocks], ''[[The Slovak Spectator]]'', November 27, 2006 ([[English language|English]])</ref> to the victims of racism and neo-Nazism<ref name="memo" /><ref name="memo2" /> at the site of the murder.<ref name="memo" /><ref name="memo2" />)
===Names===
The name Petržalka first appeared in the 1920s and refers to vegetables and herbs that were grown there (''peteršílj'' means "[[parsley]]"). The older German name is ''Engerau'' or ''Ungerau''. The [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] name is ''Pozsonyligetfalu'', short form ''Ligetfalu''.
==Local parts==
Petržalka is divided into three official parts, ''Dvory'', ''Lúky'' and ''Háje'', and further into unofficial parts, ''Ovsište'', ''Janíkov dvor'', ''Kopčany'', ''Zrkadlový háj'', ''Starý háj'', and ''Kapitulský dvor''.
==Characteristics==
[[Image:Sad janka krala 2.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Sad Janka Kráľa]], one of the oldest municipal parks in Europe]]
As of 2008, Petržalka is connected to Bratislava by five bridges. It is the most densely populated residential district in [[Central Europe]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://visit.bratislava.sk/en/vismo/dokumenty2.asp?id_org=700014&id=1074&p1=1852 |title= Bratislava Projects at MIPIM 2007 – Petržalka City|date= 3 January 2007| accessmonthday = January 23 | accessyear = 2008 | format= PDF|publisher= City of Bratislava|pages= p. 8|quote= Petržalka City will definitely change the face of the largest and most densely populated housing estate in Central Europe: the network of grey prefabricated buildings will be transformed into a fully-fledged town with a self-contained multi-purpose centre.}}</ref>
Petržalka is primarily a residential area, with most people living in blocks of flats called ''[[panelák]]s'', a neologism for buildings built from [[Panel building|concrete panels]] joined together to form the structure, which were widely deployed throughout the [[Eastern Bloc]] during the [[communist]] era. As the borough was built primarily as a residential area, it has no clearly defined centre.
Petržalka was sometimes referred to as the [[Bronx]] of [[Bratislava]]<ref name="Bronx">[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20000123/ai_n9624658 Shake & Slovak], [[The Sunday Herald]], January 23, 2000</ref> because of a high crime rate and drug dealing, but as of 2008 the crime rate had become similar to that of the other boroughs.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}
Important institutions include the congress and exposition centre [[Incheba]] and [[Petržalka railway station]]. [[Sad Janka Kráľa]] is one of the oldest municipal parks in Europe.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = City of Bratislava | url = http://visit.bratislava.sk/en/vismo/dokumenty2.asp?id_org=700014&id=1039&p1=2544 | title = Environment | date = 26 February 2007 |accessmonthday = January 23 | accessyear = 2008}}</ref> There is also the [[Arena Theatre]], established in 1828, one of the oldest theatres in Bratislava.
==Education and sport==
The [[University of Economics in Bratislava|University of Economics]] is based in Petržalka, with campuses situated in different locations around Bratislava.
There are 11 [[elementary school]]s and 19 [[kindergarten]]s administered by the borough.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Petržalka | url = http://www.petrzalka.sk/buxus/generate_page.php?page_id=568 | title = Elementary schools directory (''Adresár základných škôl'') | date = no date |accessmonthday = January 23 | accessyear = 2008 | language = Slovak}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | publisher = Petržalka | url = http://www.petrzalka.sk/buxus/generate_page.php?page_id=569 | title = Kindergartens directory (''Adresár materských škôl'') | date = no date |accessmonthday = January 23 | accessyear = 2008 | language = Slovak}}</ref> [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] high schools include the state-administered Albert Einstein <ref>[http://einsteinova.sk/ Albert Einstein Gymnasium website]</ref> and Pankúchova 6 gymnasiums<ref>[http://www.gympaba.sk/ Pankúchova 6 Gymnasium website]</ref> and the private Mercury Gymnasium.<ref>[http://www.sgm.sk/ Mercury Private Gymnasium website]</ref>
The borough is also known for its [[football (soccer)|football]] club, [[FC Artmedia Bratislava|Artmedia Bratislava]], a participant in the [[UEFA Champions League 2005-06|2005–06]] [[UEFA Champions League]].
[[Image:Zstpetrzalka.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Train station in Petržalka linking Bratislava with [[Vienna]]]]
==Transport==
Petržalka is connected to the rest of Bratislava by five [[bridge]]s, of which three are used for local traffic ([[Nový Most]], [[Starý most (Bratislava)|Starý most]] and [[Most Apollo]]) and two for international traffic ([[Lafranconi Bridge]] and [[Prístavný most]]). It is located near a major international [[motorway]] junction, where the [[Motorway D1 (Slovakia)|D1]] and [[Motorway D2 (Slovakia)|D2]] motorways meet. The only [[railway]] station is located in the western part and is primarily used for international traffic and for trains to and from Vienna.
[[Public transportation]] uses [[bus]]es, which connect Petržalka with the other boroughs. In [[1989]], construction of a [[Subway (rail)|subway]] began, but it was stopped shortly after the [[Velvet Revolution]] broke out. Instead, a high-speed [[tram]] ([[light rail]]) line is planned, and its construction is to begin in 2008.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = City of Bratislava | url = http://visit.bratislava.sk/en/vismo/dokumenty2.asp?id_org=700014&id=1070&p1=1848 | title = Petržalka South City Development Area | date = 1 March 2007 |accessmonthday = January 23 | accessyear = 2008}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Inchebaexpo.jpg|[[Incheba]] congress and exposition center
Image:Divadloarena.jpg|[[Arena Theatre]]
Image:Einsteinka.jpg|D1 motorway in Petržalka at night
Image:Bratislava metro.jpg|Petržalka, near the site of the proposed subway. In the future, a new high-speed tram will be built here.
</gallery>
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
* [http://www.petrzalka.sk/en/buxus/generate_page.php?page_id=2016 Official municipal website]
* [http://www.panoramy.net/thumbnails.php?album=15&lang=english Panoramic photo gallery of Bratislava-Petržalka]
{{Bratislava city parts}}
[[Category:Boroughs of Bratislava]]
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