Phainopepla
431426
219943596
2008-06-17T15:48:01Z
Luckas-bot
7320905
robot Removing: [[ja:レンジャクモドキ]]
{{Taxobox
| name = Phainopepla
| status = LC
| image = PhainopeplaMadera.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Ptilogonatidae]]
| genus = '''''Phainopepla'''''
| species = '''''P. nitens'''''
| binomial = ''Phainopepla nitens''
| binomial_authority = ([[William Swainson|Swainson]], 1838)
}}
The '''Phainopepla''' (''Phainopepla nitens'') is the most northerly representative of the mainly tropical [[Central America]]n family [[Ptilogonatidae]], the [[silky flycatcher]]s.
==Physical description==
The Phainopepla is a striking [[bird]], 16-20 cm long with a noticeable [[Crest (bird)|crest]] and a long tail; it is slender, and has an upright posture when it perches. Its [[Beak|bill]] is short and slender. The male is glossy black, and has a white wing patch that is visible when it flies; the female is plain gray and has a lighter gray wing patch. Both sexes have red eyes, but these are more noticeable in the female than the male.
==Range and habitat==
The Phainopepla ranges as far north as central [[California]] with the [[San Joaquin Valley]] and southern [[Utah]], and south to central [[Mexico]], the interior [[Mexican Plateau]] region; the southern edge of the plateau, the [[Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt|transverse mountains]] is its non-breeding home. It is found in hot areas, including desert oases, and is readily seen in the deserts of [[Arizona]] and southern [[California]]; also the [[Baja Peninsula]], both [[Baja California]]-(north), and [[Baja California Sur]] where they are only breeding [[resident bird]]s.<!--see the RangeMap at "www.natureserve.org"(then 'InfoNatura')-->
==Diet==
Berries, any small insects, fruits, Veggies.
==Reproduction==
It nests in the spring. The eggs are gray or pink and speckled, and the incubation, done by both the male and female, takes fifteen days. The children will be reared by the parents for up to nineteen more days.<ref name= andiv>animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Phainopepla_nitens.html]; Accessed 2/25/07</ref>
==Interesting habits==
*Phainopeplas have been found to imitate the calls of twelve other species, such as the [[Red-tailed Hawk]] (''Buteo lineatus''), and the [[Northern Flicker]] (''Colaptes auratus'').<ref>Chu, M (2001) ''The Condor''; The Condor '''103'''(2):389-395</ref>
==References==
<references />
* {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=51513|title=Phainopepla nitens|downloaded=12 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
==External links==
*[http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=5695 Phainopepla videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
*[http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Scientific&KEYWORDS=phainopepla&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Phainopepla photo gallery] VIREO
==Further reading==
===Book===
<div class="reflist4" style="height: 220px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px" >
* Chu, M., and G. Walsberg. 1999. ''Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens)''. In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 415 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
===Thesis===
* Aukema JE. Ph.D. (2001). ''Dispersal and spatial distribution of the desert mistletoe, Phoradendron californicum, at multiple scales: Patterns, processes and mechanisms''. The University of Arizona, United States -- Arizona.
* Chu MC. Ph.D. (1999). ''Ecology and breeding biology of phainopeplas (Phainopepla nitens) in the desert and coastal woodlands of Southern California''. University of California, Berkeley, United States -- California.
* Crampton LH. Ph.D. (2006). ''Ecological determinants of the distribution, abundance and breeding success of phainopeplas (Phainopepla nitens, Cl. Aves) at the northern edge of their range''. University of Nevada, Reno, United States -- Nevada.
* Crouch JE. Ph.D. (1939). ''STUDIES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF PHAINOPEPLA NITENS LEPIDA VAN TYNE AND CORRELATED CHANGES IN THE TESTES''. University of Southern California, United States -- California.
* Krueger JB. M.S. (1998). ''A comparative study of honey mesquite woodlands in southern Nevada and their use by phainopeplas and other avian species''. University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States -- Nevada.
* Larson DL. Ph.D. (1991). ''Ecology of desert mistletoe seed dispersal''. University of Illinois at Chicago, United States -- Illinois.
* Laudenslayer WFJ. Ph.D. (1981). ''HABITAT UTILIZATION BY BIRDS OF THREE DESERT RIPARIAN COMMUNITIES''. Arizona State University, United States -- Arizona.
* Spurrier SE. Ph.D. (2004). ''Community interactions of phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens), blue palo verde (Cercidium floridum), and desert mistletoe (Phoradendron californicum) in the Mojave Desert during a severe drought''. University of Arkansas, United States -- Arkansas.
* Walsberg GE. Ph.D. (1975). ''THE ECOLOGY AND ENERGETICS OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS IN PHAINOPEPLA NITENS''. University of California, Los Angeles, United States -- California.
===Articles===
* Anderson BW & Ohmart RD. (1978). ''Phainopepla Utilization of Honey Mesquite Forests in the Colorado River Valley USA''. Condor. vol '''80''', no 3. p. 334-338.
* Atwood ND, Pritchett CL, Porter RD & Wood BW. (1980). ''Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna of the Kaiparowits Basin Utah and Arizona USA''. Great Basin Naturalist. vol '''40''', no 4. p. 303-350.
* Aukema JE & del Rio CM. (2002). ''Where does a fruit-eating bird deposit mistletoe seeds? Seed deposition patterns and an experiment''. Ecology. vol '''83''', no 12. p. 3489-3496.
* Casto SD. (1976). ''Host Records and Observations of Quill Mites Acarina Syringophilidae from Texas USA Birds''. Southwestern Entomologist. vol '''1''', no 4. p. 155-160.
* Chu M. (2001). ''Heterospecific responses to scream calls and vocal mimicry by phainopeplas (Phainopepla nitens) in distress''. Behaviour. vol '''138''', no 6. p. 775-787.
* Chu M. (2001). ''Vocal mimicry in distress calls of Phainopeplas''. Condor. vol '''103''', no 2. p. 389-395.
* Chu M, Koenig WD, Godinez A, McIntosh CE & Fleischer RC. (2002). ''Social and genetic monogamy in territorial and loosely colonial populations of Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens)''. Auk. vol '''119''', no 3. p. 770-777.
* Congdon JD & Tinkle DW. (1982). ''Energy Expenditure in Free Ranging Sagebrush Lizards Sceloporus-Graciosus''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '''60''', no 6. p. 1412-1416.
* Haemig PD. (1986). ''Nesting of the Phainopepla on Santa Cruz Island California USA''. Western Birds. vol '''17''', no 1.
* Larson DL. (1996). ''Seed dispersal by specialist versus generalist foragers: The plant's perspective''. Oikos. vol '''76''', no 1. p. 113-120.
* Leger DW & Carroll LF. (1981). ''Mobbing Calls of the Phainopepla Phainopepla-Nitens''. Condor. vol '''83''', no 4. p. 377-380.
* Powell BF & Steidl RJ. (2002). ''Habitat selection by riparian songbirds breeding in southern Arizona''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '''66''', no 4. p. 1096-1103.
* Visser GH, Dekinga A, Achterkamp B & Piersma T. (2000). ''Ingested water equilibrates isotopically with the body water pool of a shorebird with unrivaled water fluxes''. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. vol '''279''', no 5. p. R1795-R1804.
* Walsberg GE. (1975). ''Digestive Adaptations of Phainopepla-Nitens Associated with the Eating of Mistletoe Berries''. Condor. vol '''77''', no 2. p. 169-174.
* Walsberg GE. (1978). ''Brood Size and the Use of Time and Energy by the Phainopepla''. Ecology. vol '''59''', no 1. p. 147-153.
* Walsberg GE. (1980). ''The Glossy Appearance of a Blackbird Phainopepla-Nitens Thermal Effects''. Journal of Thermal Biology. vol '''5''', no 3. p. 185-187.
* Walsberg GE. (1982). ''Coat Color Solar Heat Gain and Conspicuousness in the Phainopepla Phainopepla-Nitens''. Auk. vol '''99''', no 3. p. 495-502.
* Walsberg GE. (1983). ''A Test for Regulation of Nest Humidity in 2 Bird Species''. Physiological Zoology. vol '''56''', no 2. p. 231-235.
* Walsberg GE. (1986). ''Thermal Consequences of Roost-Site Selection the Relative Importance of Three Modes of Heat Conservation''. Auk. vol '''103''', no 1. p. 1-7.
* Walsberg GE. (1993). ''Thermal consequences of diurnal microhabitat selection in a small bird''. Ornis Scandinavica. vol '''24''', no 3. p. 174-182.
* Weathers WW & Nagy KA. (1979). ''Daily Energy Expenditure in Phainopepla-Nitens Simultaneous Doubly Labeled Water and Time Budget Estimates''. American Zoologist. vol '''19''', no 3. p. 1004.
* Weathers WW & Nagy KA. (1980). ''Simultaneous Doubly Labeled Water Tritium and Oxygen-18 Labeled and Time Budget Estimates of Daily Energy Expenditure in Phainopepla-Nitens''. Auk. vol '''97''', no 4. p. 861-867.
</div>
[[Category:Ptilogonatidae]]
[[Category:Genera of birds]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of Southwestern North America]]
[[Category:Birds of the United States]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Southwestern United States]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Pacific region U.S.]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Colorado Desert]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Sonoran Desert]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Chihuahuan Desert]]
[[Category:Birds of Mexico]]
[[Category:Native birds of Central Mexico]]
[[Category:Birds of Cordillera Neovolcanica Mexico]]<!--see the good RangeMap/maps, lists, etc at: "www.natureserve.org"(then 'InfoNatura')....CATEGORIES shown: NON-Breeding resident in the "Transverse Ranges of Mexico", and BREEDING resident in "Central Mexico" and northwards into the U.S.A.-->
[[Category:Birds of Baja Peninsula Mexico]]
[[Category:Western North American migratory birds]]
[[de:Trauerseidenschnäpper]]
[[fr:Phénopèple luisant]]
[[pl:Atłasowiec czarny]]
[[fi:Mustatilhi]]